家禽性别控制的研究进展

家禽性别控制在畜牧生产中具有重要意义。综述了禽类的性别决定和性别分化的理论基础，并介绍了利用外源激素、免疫学方法、性控液处理，以及使用增强其机体氧化过程的溶液等方法，对家禽进行性别控制，以提高其雌性比例。     

动物源食品质量安全存在的主要问题及对策

本文浅析了动物源性食品质量安全中存在的主要问题和对社会、人类的影响,并就新形势下如何保障动物食品安全,共建小康社会提出了对策建议.     

模拟氮沉降对一年生香椿幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

为研究氮沉降对一年生香椿(Toonasinensis)幼苗夏季生长以及光合特性的影响,通过在夏季模拟氮沉降控制试验,以尿素为氮源供体,设置0kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)(CK)、20kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)、40kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)、80kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)、120 kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)、180 kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)不同氮添加水平以模拟氮沉降,对香椿幼苗地径、苗高、生物量及其分配和光合作用等进行研究。结果表明:1)不同氮添加量均促进了香椿幼苗地径、苗高和生物量的增加,地径、苗高和生物量均以氮添加水平180kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)下最高,分别较CK高42.5%、64.4%和304.9%,且生物量向根、叶分配较多; 2)香椿幼苗叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)随氮添加水平的增加而增加,在180 kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)下最高,较CK增加73.9%;3)香椿幼苗表观量子效率(AQY)、最大净光合速率(Pnmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)以及暗呼吸速率(Rd)随氮添加水平的增加均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其中LCP以80 kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)下最高, AQY、Pnmax、LSP和Rd均以120kg(N)×hm~(-2)×a~(-1)下最高。结果表明,适量氮沉降能够促进香椿幼苗生长和光合能力的提高,但更高水平的氮沉降可能对香椿幼苗产生一定抑制作用。     

纹党和红芪加工废弃物活性多糖对衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用

为了研究陇南道地中药材纹党和红芪加工废弃物中活性多糖对衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用,用低糖低脂饲料适应性喂养小鼠15 d,以剂量为500 mg·kg^-1颈部皮下注射D-半乳糖（D-galactose）溶液构建小鼠亚急性衰老模型。将建模成功的小鼠随机分为正常对照组、衰老模型组、纹党多糖（Codonopisis pilosula polysaccharides, CPP）、红芪多糖（Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharides ,CHP）剂量处理组和阳性（V_E170 mg·kg^-1）处理组。连续灌胃给药28 d,研究两种多糖对衰老小鼠体重及动物脏器指数、血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力变化以及丙二醛（MDA）的含量变化。经过测定,提取的纹党多糖和红芪多糖得率分别为16.52%和13.96%,纯度为 99.65%和99.38%,剂量在400 mg·kg^-1时纹党多糖对衰老小鼠治疗效果明显优于红芪多糖,其心脏和脾脏指数、血清中的SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活力均高于模型组,血清中的MDA含量均低于模型组,对衰老小鼠具有缓解体重下降的作用。结果表明,纹党多糖和红芪多糖均能提高衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用,且纹党多糖和红芪多糖联用后抗氧化和抗衰老能力最好。     

上海PMWS并发PRRS自然病例的病理组织学观察

对上海5例5～13周龄断奶仔猪多器官衰竭综合征（PMWS）并发猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）自然病例进行了病理组织学观察。结果：5例病猪均出现坏死性淋巴结炎、间质性肺炎以及不同程度的坏死性脾炎、间质性肾炎和肝炎。2例病猪出现心肌炎，表现为心肌纤维断裂、溶解和心肌间质中淋巴细胞局灶性浸润。2例病猪出现脑炎，在大脑白质区出现神经胶质细胞结节。     

红心中华猕猴桃新品种‘桂红’的选育

‘桂红’是从野生中华猕猴桃后代中选育出来的猕猴桃新品种。平均单果重94.4 g。果实短圆柱形,果顶平或微凸;果皮黄绿色、薄,果毛残存、柔软,果斑黄褐色。果肉外缘金黄色,中轴白色,子房桃红色,呈放射状,肉质细,汁多,清甜,有香味,干物质含量17.39%,可溶性固形物含量16.70%,可溶性糖含量10.69%,可滴定酸含量1.56%,维生素C含量994.3mg/kg,含18种氨基酸,含包括硒在内的多种矿物质。在广西桂林地区,果实9月中下旬成熟。     

江西稻田蜘蛛区系及种群动态研究

赣中北平原稻区常见的稻田蜘蛛有9科25种,其数量占捕食性天敌的80％以上。早稻田以微蛛所占比例最大;晚稻田除微蛛外,狼蛛和球腹蛛也有较大的比例。稻田蜘蛛数量变动与稻叶蝉、稻飞虱的消长大体一致,对这类害虫有明显的抑制作用,但晚稻后期仍需药剂防治。     

Effects of vasoconstrictor and endothelium-dependent relaxationagent on thoracic aortic rings of diabetes mice

AIM: To discuss the effects of vasoconstrictor and endothelium-dependent relaxation agent on the thoracic aortic rings in different stages of diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to establish diabetic model in C57BL/6J mice. At the 17th, 22nd, 28th week, diabetic and age-matched control mice were sacrificed respectively and the effects of vasoconstrictors: phenylephrine (PE), 60 mmol/L KCl and endothelium-dependent relaxation agent respectively (ACh) were measured in two groups using thoracic aortic rings. RESULTS: The level of fasting plasma glucose concentration 2 weeks after STZ treatment increased higher (≥11.1 mol/L) in STZ-induced diabetic mice than that in age-matched controls, and maintained at this level in entire experiment course. On the contrary, the weight was decreased significantly. The responses of thoracic aortic rings in STZ-induced diabetic mice to PE were increased, unaltered and increased at the 17th, 22nd, 28th weeks, respectively compared to that in age-matched controls. The responses to 60 mmol/L KCl were also increased in all stages. While the responses to ACh were increased, unaltered and decreased at the 17th, 22nd, 28th weeks, respectively compared to that in age-matched controls. CONCLUSION: The responses of thoracic aortic rings to vasoconstrictor enhance in STZ-induced diabetic mice. However, the endothelial functions potentiate initially due to compensation, and then lower exhibiting endothelial damage.     

Association and function study of tumor necrosis factor receptorⅡ position 196 polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus

AIM: To investigate the association of gene polymorphism at position 196 of tumor necrosis factor receptor Ⅱ (TNFRⅡ) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Chinese, and establish recombinant retroviral vector to analyze the function of the TNFRⅡ 196M/R. METHODS: The genotype at position 196 of TNFRⅡ was determined by PCR-RFLP in 106 SLE patients and 119 healthy controls in china. Human TNFRⅡ196M cDNA were amplified by PCR and cloned into PMD18-T vector. Then, PMD18-TNFRⅡ196R was induced by site-directed mutagenesis. The recombinant T vector, PMD18-TNFRⅡ196M and PMD18-TNFRⅡ196R, were subcloned into retroviral vector PLXSN. Both normal and variant were transfected into rat mesangial cell. The effects of TNFα on production of sTNFRⅡ and IL-6 were study by ELISA. RESULTS: (1) The frequency of TNFRⅡ196R allele was significantly higher than those in controls (35.2% vs 14.3%, P<0.05); (2) The recombinant retroviral vector (PLXSN-TNFR 196M and PLXSN-TNFR 196R) was constructed successfully; (3) rhTNFα caused a significant increase in IL-6 production by rat mesangial cells transfected with PLXSN-TNFRⅡ196R than that with TNFRⅡ196M. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that TNFRⅡ196R allele is associated with SLE in the Chinese. TNFRⅡ196R transduces the signals of TNFα more effectively than TNFRⅡ196M, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.     

东莞绿韵生态园害虫天敌调查初报

本文报道了广东东莞绿韵生态园有害昆虫、天敌昆虫10目46科81种。