野生植物白沙蒿资源的综合开发利用研究

对白沙蒿的生物学特性、化学成分及开发应用进行了综合研究，结果表明：白沙蒿是理想的抗旱、防沙和固沙植物；含有丰富的营养物质，可作为畜牧业的重要饲料；有较高的药用价值和工业利用前景，对该植物资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

旋毛虫新生幼虫cDNA文库构建及其特异性基因的筛选与鉴定

构建旋毛虫新生幼虫cDNA文库并对旋毛虫新牛幼虫期特异件基因进行筛选与鉴定,筛选出期特异性的基因片段.用λZAPⅡExpress载体成功地构建了旋毛虫新生幼虫的cDNA文库,并用放射性同位素a-38P标记cDNA探针对筛选出的阳性克隆进行鉴定.所构建的cDNA文库容量为1.92×106,重组效率为98.6%,所有的克隆片段都在0.5～2.0 kb之间,筛选获得7个阳性克隆,其大小在1.4 kb左右;用放射性同位素a-32P标记cDNA探针后,与旋毛虫成虫、肌幼虫、新生幼虫及成虫/新生幼虫cDNA文库质粒DNA进行Southern印迹杂交,结果与新生幼虫和成虫、新生幼虫cDNA文库质粒DNA有杂交而与成虫、肌幼虫cDNA文库质粒DNA不杂交.该基因是新生幼虫期所特有的cDNA片段.     

实验性鸡马立克氏病羽髓病变研究

通过光镜1电镜等方法对鸡马立克氏病羽髓组织进行了形态学研究。结果显示，羽髓远端坏死，羽髓中有多量肿瘤细胞浸润，肿瘤细胞呈弥漫性或局部性浸润，电镜观察，肿瘤细胞核异型性明显，核膜凹陷，核内出现假核内包含物，在一些羽髓中，巨噬细胞吞噬肿瘤细胞较多见，而且观察到一些肿瘤细胞发生调亡，结果表明，鸡马立克氏病羽髓病变十分明显，羽髓的形态学变化可用于鸡马立克氏病的诊断。     

兔肺炎双球菌病的病原分离鉴定及治疗

2013年山东滨州市某兔场发生仔兔高病死率、母兔流产的疾病。为了诊断治疗该病,本试验采集病死兔肺脏进行病原的分离,通过病原分离、形态学观察、生理生化试验、溶血试验、药敏试验等试验,证实分离菌为肺炎双球菌。该菌具有α-溶血性,对青霉素、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星等药物敏感;动物回归试验成功复制出兔肺炎双球菌病,症状典型,病理剖检变化明显。根据临床症状和药敏试验结果,用青霉素等药物进行治疗,病情得到有效控制。     

Major histocompatibility complex and mate choice in the polygynous primate: the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

The highly polymorphic genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) not only play a major role in immunity resistance, but also seem to provide hints for mate choice in some animal populations. In the present study we investigated MHC‐related mate choice in a small natural population (group size 40–55 individuals) of a polygynous primate, the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana). We found that there was no evidence either for MHC‐disassortative mating, or for females to mate with males based on MHC heterozygosity or specific alleles. Nevertheless, of the 11 alleles identified, we found that the frequencies of 2 alleles, Rhro‐DRB2 (P < 0.01) and Rhro‐DRB5 (P < 0.05) were higher in offspring than in their parents. These findings suggest that MHC‐DRB in this population of R. roxellana is unlikely to be associated with mating preferences. Limited female opportunities for mate choice are likely due, in part, to the harem breeding structure present in R. roxellana, and the relatively small number of resident adult males in our study band (N = 4–6). In addition, we suggest that differences in the frequency of particular alleles across generations may be linked to parasite resistance in a fluctuating environment; however, confirmation of this finding requires further study.     

羽毛粉麸皮混合固态发酵条件优化

为了优化羽毛粉麸皮混合固态发酵条件,在发酵结束后测定固态发酵产率和发酵产物体外消化率,计算可消化物产率,并以此作为衡量指标对发酵条件(羽毛粉比例、缓冲液添加量、缓冲液pH、接种量、NJQ2接种比例、培养基厚度、发酵温度、发酵时间)进行优化。结果表明:最优发酵条件为羽毛粉比例50%,缓冲液添加量100%,缓冲液pH 7.5,接种量10%,NJQ2接种比例60%,培养基厚度1.5 cm,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间7 d。此时的发酵产率为86.2%,体外消化率为60.3%,可消化物产率为52.0%。通过发酵条件的优化,提高了发酵产物的体外消化率,理论上拓宽了羽毛粉的应用范围,具有很大的潜在经济价值。     

Research Progress of Epigenetics Modification in the Process of Skeletal Muscle Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue and the main component of muscle in animals.The process of skeletal muscle cell's proliferation and differentiation is the basis of muscle development and it's directly affects the meat production performance of domestic animals.It has been found that epigenetic modification plays an important role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells.In this study,the effects of epigenetics on skeletal muscle in terms of the effects of DNA methylation on the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells,the selection and expression of factors regulated by histone acetylation,the regulation of non-coding RNA,and the effects of chromosome remodeling.Research progress in the process of muscle cell proliferation and differentiation,briefly describes the effects of different modification methods and factors on the two processes of skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation.At the same time,the methods and means used by predecessor in the study of skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation were reviewed,and then the role of apparent regulatory factors in skeletal muscle growth was analyzed.The purpose was to further explain the important role of epigenetic modification in the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle,enhanced the understanding of the regulation of skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation,provided a reference path for integration with animal production,and also provided skeletal muscle.Molecular regulation of such as growth and development provided more reference materials.     

利用亮甲酚蓝染色法预测牛卵母细胞发育潜能的研究

利用亮甲酚蓝(Brilliant cresyl blue,BCB)对牛未成熟卵母细胞进行染色,根据染色结果的不同对牛未成熟卵母细胞进行分组培养,观察不同组间卵母细胞发育潜能与细胞凋亡的差异,探讨以BCB着色判定牛卵质量的可行性.本试验在牛卵母细胞成熟培养前用26μmol·L-1BCB染色90 min作为处理组(BCB+和BCB-),以未染色卵母细胞作为对照组;以卵内谷胱甘肽的浓度作为胞质成熟的判定指标,以卵母细胞体外受精后囊胚率作为卵子发育能力的判定指标,同时参照卵母细胞的凋亡检测,综合评定卵子的质量.结果表明:(1)着色组(BCB+)卵母细胞成熟率与对照组和无色组(BCB-)间差异显著(P＜0.05);(2)成熟卵母细胞中谷胱甘肽的浓度较培养前差异显著(P＜0.05);(3)经BCB染色,卵母细胞在成熟后,BCB+组的成熟率、凋亡率较对照组、BCB-组差异显著(P＜0.05);(4)体外受精后,BCB+组的囊胚率和囊胚细胞数较对照组和BCB-组差异显著(P＜0.05).由此可见,牛卵母细胞经BCB的染色选择可以作为判断卵母细胞未来发育潜能的一个标记.     

“伊维菌素”注射液对肉牛皮蝇蛆的防治效果观察

牛皮蝇蛆是危害我国畜牧业发展最为严重的寄生虫病之一。本试验将已感染牛皮蝇蛆的171头肉牛为对象,随机分成5组。将伊维菌素注射液分别以高、中、低三种剂量对不同组别的肉牛进行颈部皮下注射治疗和观察,同时注射等体积生理盐水作为阴性对照组,饲喂虫克星粉剂作为阳性对照组进行对比试验。结果显示,0.2 mg/kg体重(中剂量组)为伊维菌素皮下注射的最佳剂量,对皮蝇蛆的治愈率达97.82%(45/46),而以0.2 mg/kg体重口服虫克星粉剂的对照组治愈率达60.71%(17/28),且统计分析差异显著(P0.05)。试验表明,中等剂量的伊维菌素注射液对牛皮蝇蛆的防治安全可靠且效果显著,为临床治疗肉牛皮蝇蛆提供理论参考。     

基于益生菌的肠道改善和免疫调节临床研究进展

人体临床实验是评估益生菌菌株对人体健康影响的唯一途径,然而,受到多种因素的限制,人体实验所能获得的实验数据和资料非常有限.本文通过整合国内外益生菌在人体临床实验中的评价结果,对益生菌改善人类肠道、调节免疫力等作用进行综述.