中华绒螯蟹溞状幼体期复眼超微结构的观察

用电镜研究了中华绒螯蟹状幼体复眼的结构,结果显示出从状幼体Ⅰ期到状幼体V期复眼的形态发生了变化,其表面积从Ⅰ的15400μm2增加到V的0.4mm2,组成复眼的小眼由泡状突起发育成扁平六角形.小眼的折光部分的角膜、成角膜细胞、晶锥等均有一个发育成熟的过程.感光部分从Ⅱ起组成小眼的8个小网膜细胞分化成远端的1个细胞和近端7个细胞二部分,小眼的感杆束直径随幼体发育从3.6μm增加到5.2μm,同时组成的微纤毛数量增多.状幼体复眼结构中的一个特征是具有较多的高尔基体,随着幼体的发育小网膜细胞中的胞器种类和数量也逐渐增多,在V时小眼的结构基本上表现出与成体类似的光适应特征.从复眼的超微结构上看,1状幼体复眼的感光功能是逐渐完善的.     

银盘电站蓄水前后乌江下游产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源变化

为了探究水电开发对流域鱼类资源的影响,遏制生物多样性衰退的趋势,2009-2015年5-7月对乌江下游干流漂流性鱼卵进行阶段性调查,初步分析银盘电站蓄水前后产漂流性卵鱼类的自然繁殖变化。结果表明,调查期间共采集到鱼卵12种,包括犁头鳅（Lepturichthys fimbriata）、中华金沙鳅（Jinsha sinensis）、中华沙鳅（Botia superciliaris）、圆筒吻鮈（Rhinogobio cylindricus）、吻鮈（Rhinogobio typus）、长鳍吻鮈（Rhinogobio ventralis）、蛇鮈（Saurogobio dabryi）、花斑副沙鳅（Parabotia fasciata）、铜鱼（Coreius heterodon）、中华倒刺鲃（Spinibarbus sinensis）、翘嘴鲌（Culter alburnus）和蒙古鲌（Culter mongolicus）。漂流性鱼卵年资源量为1012.99万~18673.97万粒,鱼类产卵场自上而下分布有彭水、高谷、江口（杨家沱）、武隆（石鼻子）、土坎（桃子沟）、羊角6处。银盘电站蓄水后,乌江下游产漂流性卵鱼类的自然繁殖较蓄水前发生了显著变化。种类组成中,典型的流水生境繁殖类群减少,缓静水生境繁殖类群增加;产卵规模显著下降,以长鳍吻鮈、铜鱼、圆筒吻鮈、中华金沙鳅的减少尤为显著;产卵场减少并逐步往坝下压缩,数量由6处减少到3处,长度由35 km减少到18 km,位于银盘库区的彭水、高谷产卵场消失,江口产卵场规模显著减少。产漂流性卵鱼类的大规模产卵都在涨水时发生,不同种类产卵对水文条件的要求有所差异,大坝建设引起的栖息地萎缩和水文情势改变是导致乌江下游漂流性卵鱼类早期资源衰退的主要原因。建议采用水库生态调度补偿措施,通过合理下泄生态流量,加大脉冲流量和流水江段长度来满足重要鱼类的繁殖和早期发育需求,并结合人工增殖放流、鱼类基础监测和生态学研究等综合手段,强化乌江下游鱼类资源的生态修复。     

额尔齐斯河鱼类单殖吸虫研究Ⅲ.指环虫属-新记录

记述了采自额尔齐斯河(中国段)湖拟鲤(Rutilus rutilus)鳃上的一种指环虫科(Dactylogyridae)、指环虫属(Dactylogyrus)的维氏指环虫(Dactylogyrus vistulae Prost,1957);经比较,鉴定为我国指环虫属一新记录种.对其主要形态特征进行了描述并绘制了特征图,同时与寄生于湖拟鲤鳃上的国内已记述的其它指环虫的主要形态特征进行了比较.     

太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)类α-1,2-岩藻糖基转移酶的密码子优化与原核表达

牡蛎消化组织内存在的类A型血型组织抗原是其特异性富集诺如病毒的主要原因,FUT2(Fucosyltransferase 2,α-1,2-岩藻糖基转移酶)是A型血型组织抗原合成的关键酶.本研究在前期克隆了太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)类FUT2基因cDNA全长的基础上,根据大肠杆菌密码子偏爱性优化并合成了类FUT2基因,插入原核表达载体pRSET A构建pRSET-mof,将其转化大肠杆菌BL21,用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导.经SDS-PAGE分析显示,在37℃、IPTG终浓度为0.8 mmol/L的条件下,诱导4h后出现大小约为46 kDa的特异性目的条带.利用His亲和层析柱纯化及超滤管浓缩目的蛋白,得到单一条带,说明纯化效果良好.Western blot分析显示,目的蛋白与抗6×His标签单克隆抗体、抗人FUT2单克隆抗体均能发生特异性反应,表明优化后的太平洋牡蛎类FUT2基因在大肠杆菌系统中成功表达.本研究结果为今后研究太平洋牡蛎类FUT2基因的功能,进一步探索牡蛎特异性富集诺如病毒的分子机理奠定了基础.     

六个群体翘嘴红鲌肌肉生化组成的比较

比较分析了中国六群体翘嘴红鲌(Culter alburnus)的肌肉生化组成.试验材料分别取自太湖、兴凯湖、梁子湖、浮桥河水库和南湾水库五个野生群体,以及由太湖野生群体经人工驯养、繁殖数代获得的养殖群体.分析结果表明,各群体之间翘嘴红鲌肌肉的水分、灰分和粗蛋白含量差异不显著(P＞0.05).而养殖群体的粗脂肪含量显著高于其它五个野生群体(P＜0.05).南湾水库群体的多不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量均最高,必需脂肪酸含量由高到低依次为南湾水库群体＞浮桥河水库群体＞兴凯湖群体＞梁子湖群体＞养殖群体＞太湖群体.氨基酸总含量由高到低依次为:太湖群体＞兴凯湖群体＞南湾水库群体＞梁子湖群体＞浮桥河水库群体＞养殖群体,而必需氨基酸含量的高低顺序为:太湖群体＞兴凯湖群体＞梁子湖群体＞南湾水库群体＞浮桥河水库群体＞养殖群体.相比之下,太湖群体的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)最高,其次依次为:南湾水库群体＞梁子湖群体＞兴凯湖群体＞浮桥河水库群体＞养殖群体.各群体的大多数必需氨基酸氨基酸分(AAS)和化学分(CS)均大于1,仅兴凯湖群体的赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸的AAS低于1,养殖群体的赖氨酸和缬氨酸的AAS和赖氨酸、蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸和缬氨酸的CS小于1,而成为各自的限制性氨基酸.综合所得的结果,野生群体的肌肉营养品质明显优于养殖群体,而野生群体中太湖、兴凯湖和南湾水库群体的肌肉品质相对较优.     

优质抗寒、抗病酿造葡萄新品种‘北红’

 ‘北红’葡萄新品种由‘玫瑰香’与‘山葡萄’杂交育成。浆果在北京地区9月底成熟。果粒圆形,蓝黑色,果粒质量1.57g,果穗质量160.0 g,浆果可溶性固形物含量23.8 %～ 27.0 %,含酸量0.89～1.26 %。早果性及丰产性强。抗寒、抗病能力特强。酿成的酒深宝石红色,酒体平衡,酒质上等。     

马蔺cbf转录因子的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank已发表的拟南芥cbfs转录因子基因序列设计特异性引物, 采用PCR和RT-PCR方法, 从鸢尾科野生花卉马蔺基因组DNA和cDNA中克隆出cbf转录因子基因片段, 将其克隆到pMD18-T-Vector上。经序列测定及分析表明, 两种途径得到的cbf基因序列相同, 基因全长642 bp, 可编码213个氨基酸。同源性分析表明该基因的核苷酸序列和推导的氨基酸序列与其它植物cbf类基因具有同源性, 尤其与拟南芥cbf1和黄瓜cbf1基因有很高的同源性, 氨基酸同源性高达97%。鉴于同cbf1基因高的同源性, 初步确定克隆到马蔺cbf1转录因子基因, 命名为Ilcbf1, 在GenBank中登录号为DQ131497。     

Effect of atorvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts in rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia of autogenous vein graft in rats. METHODS: The model of autogenous vein graft was prepared by transplanting the external jugular vein into aorta in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group, graft control group and graft experimental group. From three days after transplantation, the rats of autograft experimental group were treated by atorvastatin at a dosage of 5 mg·kg-1·d-1. Four weeks after treatment, venous autografts were removed at autopsy and cut into 4 μm sections. Histopathological examination was carried out to analysis the neointimal hyperplasia of grafted veins. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to evaluate SMα-actin and PCNA expression of neointimal cells in venous autografts. RESULTS: In venous autograft control and experimental groups, SMα-actin-positive smooth muscle cells were proliferated and accumulated excessively in venous autografts, which resulted in significant neointimal formation and vascular lumen narrowing. Neointima quantitative assay revealed that the neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts was suppressed obviously in graft experimental group, and its neointimal area and NIA/MA ratio of venous autografts were significantly lower than those in graft control group (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical assay indicated that the PCNA labeling index of neointimal cells was significantly lower in graft experimental group than that in graft control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin significantly inhibits the proliferation of neointimal smooth muscle cells and the development of neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts in rats. Atorvastatin is a powerful inhibitor of restenosis after vascular reconstructive operation with a potential for therapeutic use.     

Identification of serum differential proteins in colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma by proteomics

AIM: To investigate the associated proteins and sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma. METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to define patterns of protein expressions of colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma. Proteins expressed differentially among groups were detected, cut out and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Two-dimensional protein maps of colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma were analyzed with gel-analysis software, an average of 1 672 spots in adenoma, 1 732 in early malignantly transformed adenoma were observed. 28 spots of a 1.5-fold change were found, including 15 proteins down-regulated and 13 up-regulated in early malignantly transformed adenoma, in which 23 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, the rate of identification was 82.14%. 13 differential proteins were attained, 8 were up-regulated and 5 were down-regulated, which was classified to 6 categories, including protease inhibitor, complement, immunoglobulin, keratoproteins, signal transduction protein and function-unknown proteins. CONCLUSION: The changes of serum proteins in early malignantly transformed adenoma from adenoma can be identified by proteomic technology. Proteins detected in the study may provide new biomarkers correlated with biological behavior of colorectal adenocarcinoma.