实验性鸡马立克氏病羽髓病变研究

通过光镜1电镜等方法对鸡马立克氏病羽髓组织进行了形态学研究。结果显示，羽髓远端坏死，羽髓中有多量肿瘤细胞浸润，肿瘤细胞呈弥漫性或局部性浸润，电镜观察，肿瘤细胞核异型性明显，核膜凹陷，核内出现假核内包含物，在一些羽髓中，巨噬细胞吞噬肿瘤细胞较多见，而且观察到一些肿瘤细胞发生调亡，结果表明，鸡马立克氏病羽髓病变十分明显，羽髓的形态学变化可用于鸡马立克氏病的诊断。     

羽毛粉麸皮混合固态发酵条件优化

为了优化羽毛粉麸皮混合固态发酵条件,在发酵结束后测定固态发酵产率和发酵产物体外消化率,计算可消化物产率,并以此作为衡量指标对发酵条件(羽毛粉比例、缓冲液添加量、缓冲液pH、接种量、NJQ2接种比例、培养基厚度、发酵温度、发酵时间)进行优化。结果表明:最优发酵条件为羽毛粉比例50%,缓冲液添加量100%,缓冲液pH 7.5,接种量10%,NJQ2接种比例60%,培养基厚度1.5 cm,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间7 d。此时的发酵产率为86.2%,体外消化率为60.3%,可消化物产率为52.0%。通过发酵条件的优化,提高了发酵产物的体外消化率,理论上拓宽了羽毛粉的应用范围,具有很大的潜在经济价值。     

Study on Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken and Swine in Organic Farm

To determine the drug resistance of E.coli strains from swine and chicken in organic farm,collection of stool specimens was conducted in one organic farm in Conghua city,Guangdong province in 2014,in which 118 E.coli strains were separated,including 55 from chicken and 63 from swine.The sensitivity of the E.coli strains from swine and chicken to 18 kinds of drugs was detected through agar dilution method.Similar properties in drug resistance were observed both in E.coli strains from swine and chicken in the same organic farm.In consideration of the resistance rate,samples were relatively sensitive to ceftazidime,cefquinome,cefoxitin,amikacin,apramycin,gentamicin,neomycin,florfenicol,chloramphenicol,imipenem,ciprofloxacin and olaquindox (chicken 0 to 21.8%;swine 0 to 14.3%).These isolates showed moderate resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin (chicken 29.1% to 38.2%;swine 23.8% to 27.0%).About 56.4% chicken isolates and 47.6% swine isolates showed resistant to more than 3 kinds of drugs.However,severe resistance was observed in trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole,tetracyclineand and doxycycline (chicken 45.5%,76.4% and 72.7%;swine 50.8%,81.0% and 68.3%).The results also indicated that under organic farming mode,the drug resistance rates of E.coli strains from swine and chicken were relatively low in general.Multi-drug resistance existed but was relatively slight.Although the drug resistance rate to several specific antimicrobials was high,it was still lower than that in conventional farms.Since most studies focused on the drug resistance of the bacteria under conventional farming model,this study filled the blank of the research of drug resistance under organic farming model.     

兔肺炎双球菌病的病原分离鉴定及治疗

2013年山东滨州市某兔场发生仔兔高病死率、母兔流产的疾病。为了诊断治疗该病,本试验采集病死兔肺脏进行病原的分离,通过病原分离、形态学观察、生理生化试验、溶血试验、药敏试验等试验,证实分离菌为肺炎双球菌。该菌具有α-溶血性,对青霉素、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星等药物敏感;动物回归试验成功复制出兔肺炎双球菌病,症状典型,病理剖检变化明显。根据临床症状和药敏试验结果,用青霉素等药物进行治疗,病情得到有效控制。     

Major histocompatibility complex and mate choice in the polygynous primate: the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

The highly polymorphic genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) not only play a major role in immunity resistance, but also seem to provide hints for mate choice in some animal populations. In the present study we investigated MHC‐related mate choice in a small natural population (group size 40–55 individuals) of a polygynous primate, the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana). We found that there was no evidence either for MHC‐disassortative mating, or for females to mate with males based on MHC heterozygosity or specific alleles. Nevertheless, of the 11 alleles identified, we found that the frequencies of 2 alleles, Rhro‐DRB2 (P < 0.01) and Rhro‐DRB5 (P < 0.05) were higher in offspring than in their parents. These findings suggest that MHC‐DRB in this population of R. roxellana is unlikely to be associated with mating preferences. Limited female opportunities for mate choice are likely due, in part, to the harem breeding structure present in R. roxellana, and the relatively small number of resident adult males in our study band (N = 4–6). In addition, we suggest that differences in the frequency of particular alleles across generations may be linked to parasite resistance in a fluctuating environment; however, confirmation of this finding requires further study.     

多头带绦虫Tm16与Tm18抗原基因的克隆及原核表达

为原核表达Tml6和Tm18重组蛋白,本研究以自然感染羊源脑多头坳原头节基因组DNA为模板分别扩增Tml6和Tm 18杭原基因全基因片段,测序鉴定后合成其开放阅读框架DNA片段,将基因组序列中的内含子去除并对其稀有密码子进行改造优化,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-Tm 16和pGEX-Tml8.转化大肠杆菌BL21后以IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析表达产物并进行纯化.结果显示:在大肠杆菌中表达出带有GST标签的大小约为39.6 ku和39.4 ku的重组蛋白,经谷胱甘肤琼脂糖树脂纯化得到高纯度的可溶性的GST-Tm 16及GST-Tml8重组蛋白,western blot分析表明重组蛋白均能够被兔抗GST单克隆杭体特异性识别.     

不同热处理DDGS蛋白质营养价值及瘤胃降解特性与其分子结构的相关性研究

试验旨在研究不同热处理干酒精糟及其可溶物(DDGS)蛋白质化学成分、康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)组分、瘤胃降解特性和小肠消化率与蛋白质分子结构的相关性。采用CNCPS、尼龙袋技术及三步体外法对不同热处理的DDGS营养价值进行评定,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术(FTIR)分析蛋白质分子结构的变化,进而探求它们之间的相关关系。结果表明:加热使DDGS瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率降低,使小肠可消化蛋白增加;不同热处理对DDGS蛋白质分子结构均有显著影响(P<0.05);蛋白质分子结构中的酰胺Ⅰ和酰胺Ⅱ带的峰高和峰面积、酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅱ带峰高和峰面积的比值与DDGS中蛋白质的营养价值、瘤胃降解参数及小肠消化率存在显著相关关系(P<0.05)。可见,不同热处理对DDGS蛋白质分子结构、营养价值和瘤胃降解特性及小肠消化率均有影响,DDGS中蛋白质分子结构可以有效地估测蛋白质营养特性,并可利用FTIR光谱技术对DDGS营养价值及加热程度进行评定。     

退化高寒草甸优势植物根际与非根际土壤养分及微生物量的分布特征

根际是一类特殊的微生态系统,对研究土壤与植物群落间的相互作用具有重要意义。本研究旨在探讨高寒草甸退化过程中根际与非根际土壤的养分和微生物量分布特征,以及优势植物根际养分富集的相关性和差异性。结果表明：不同退化程度条件下,根际土壤中微生物量碳、氮、磷和养分含量显著高于非根际土壤（P<0.05）,且随退化程度加剧呈逐渐下降趋势;随高寒草甸退化程度的加剧,根际微生物量的碳、氮、磷和养分均出现富集效应,其富集率表现为重度退化草地 > 中度退化草地 > 轻度退化草地 > 未退化草地;由相关分析可知,根际与非根际土壤中微生物量碳和微生物量氮与全磷、全氮和有机碳之间均呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）。综上所述,草地退化过程中土壤的有效养分和微生物量在植物根际存在富集和活化现象,这对于人们进一步认识和调控根际的养分循环具有重要意义。     

氨气对肉鸡生产性能、血氨和尿酸的影响研究

为探讨氨气对肉鸡生产性能、血氨和尿酸的影响,选择240只1日龄从肉公鸡,随机分成4个处理组,分别饲养在4个独立的、环境可控制的实验舱内.4个环控仓氨气浓度设计如下:0～3周龄分别为0、13、26和52 mg/kg;4～6周龄分别调整为0、20、40和80 mg/kg.结果:氨气对0～3周龄肉鸡的ADG、ADFI、死亡率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但52 mg/kg氨气组可显著降低饲料转化效率(P<0.05);在4～6周龄,80 mg/kg氨气组可显著降低肉鸡的ADG和ADFI(P<0.05).料肉比和死亡率随氨气浓度的提高有上升趋势,但差异不显著.血氨浓度随着环境中氨气浓度的增加而逐渐升高,但氨气浓度对血清尿酸无显著影响(P>0.05).试验显示,肉鸡在0～3周龄舍内氨气浓度应不超过13 mg/kg,在4～6周龄应不超过20 mg/kg.     

罹患口腔炎乌苏里蝮的相关生理学指标分析

口腔炎是人工养殖蛇类的常见病之一,为了深入了解和尽早做好预防工作,对罹患口腔炎的成年雄蛇乌苏里蝮(Gloydius ussuriensis)进行解剖观察,并检测了相关器官的系数、血液学指标和激素等。结果表明:整体肥满度、躯体肥满度、肾系数等数值罹患口腔炎蛇略高于健康蛇;而肝系数、精巢系数和脂肪体系数等罹患口腔炎的蛇低于健康雄蛇,且前两者呈显著性差异,后者呈极显著性差异。性激素检测结果显示罹患口腔炎的蛇血液睾酮和雌二醇含量均低于健康蛇,且均具极显著性差异。血细胞指标中,红细胞数量、红细胞分布均差、白细胞总数、淋巴细胞数量和淋巴细胞比率等均为罹患口腔炎的蛇高于健康雄蛇,且具显著性差异,但嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比值(NLR)、中性粒细胞数量和比率、中间细胞数量及其比率均为患口腔炎的雄蛇低于健康蛇,且具显著性差异。结论:口腔炎不仅影响了主要代谢器官的器官系数的变化,而且血液多项指标和性激素水平也有明显差异。性激素含量的变化将对乌苏里蝮的正常生殖繁育产生不可忽视的影响。另外,NLR和红细胞分布宽度2个血常规指标可作为早期诊断炎症发生的首选参数。