头足类耳石信息分析的研究进展

耳石的轮纹结构与化学组成相当稳定,记录了个体生活过程中丰富的生物-物理-化学环境信息,是一种很好的信息载体.因此,通过耳石信息分析可以揭示头足类的生活史历程,掌握其生活史各阶段的生态环境特征,这不仅具有重要的理论意义,而且具有较为广阔的应用前景.文章依据近年来国内外有关头足类耳石信息分析的研究成果,综述了头足类耳石日轮及微量化学的研究现状,概括了耳石信息分析在渔业资源及环境科学等方面的应用,并对今后的研究工作提出了方向与内容上的展望.     

Common pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimers disease: a potential mechanism

AIM: Some epidemiologic evidences suggest an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer disease (AD). The present study was designed to explore the common pathogenesis in these two diseases by comparing the pathological changes in pancreas and hippocampus, the activity of glucogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in T2DM rats with those in AD rats. METHODS: The SD rats were fed with high glucose, high fat and high protein for 8 weeks, and then injected with streptozocin (STZ) to establish the T2DM models. The model of AD was made by injection of STZ in hippocampus. The levels of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in hippocampus and pancreas were analyzed by Western blotting and immunochemistry. The activities of GSK-3β and PP2A were determined by using γ-32P-ATP and the specific peptide substrate. RESULTS: In hippocampus of T2DM rats, the tau protein was hyperphosphorylated, the Aβ level was raised, the activity of PP2A was increased and the activity of GSK-3β was decreased, which were also observed in the hippocampus of AD rats. In the AD rats, the Aβ level in pancreas was found to rise, the activity of PP2A decreased and the activity of GSK-3β increased, which were similar to the changes in pancreas of T2DM rats. However, tau protein was not detected in the pancreas of both groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that there are some common pathological changes between T2DM and AD. The hyperphosohorylation of tau protein in hippocampus, the raised Aβ level in hippocampus and pancreas, as well as the corresponding activities of PP2A and GSK-3β may contribute to the pathogenesis in the development of T2DM and AD.     

热脱附处理技术对汞污染土壤的影响

研究温度和停留时间对含汞污染试样汞脱除率的影响,探讨不同形态汞在脱附处理过程中的浓度变化及转化规律。以青海、云南两地某氯碱生产废弃工厂汞污染土为试样,采用管式电阻炉对试样进行热脱附,使用连续浸提法提取分析7种形态汞。结果表明,从环境安全性、经济性考虑,采自青海、云南土样最佳的脱附温度和停留时间分别为 300 ℃和60 min、500 ℃和30 min。各形态汞在脱附过程中发生转化,处理后土壤中汞主要以残渣态或晶格态存在,环境风险小。     

高可靠卫星数据广播技术框架研究

均势原则是随机临床试验的基本原则,但也遭到了一些质疑。质疑者认为,均势原则预设了研究者的治疗性义务,限制了随机临床试验的发展,因此应当取消均势原则。其实,这些质疑并没有发展性地理解均势原则,质疑本身也充满了矛盾。我们尝试从伦理学的角度对均势原则进行辩护。     

贵州省药用昆虫资源开发利用的现状与对策

贵州独特的地理和气候环境,使其区域内的昆虫资源异常丰富,其中很多昆虫种类自古就是传统的药用昆虫,且利用历史悠久。对贵州药用昆虫利用现状进行了概述,分析了开发利用存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。     

不同改良剂对铬污染土壤中小白菜生理、生化特性的影响

为了研究不同种类改良剂对铬污染土壤中小白菜生理生化特性的影响,采用盆栽试验监测在不同浓度的铬污染的土壤中小白菜(Brassica parichinensis)的叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。研究发现,不同浓度的铬污染土壤中,3种改良剂添加使叶绿素含量及SOD酶活性发生变化并高于对照组而POD酶活性降低,使铬对CAT酶活性的抑制作用得到缓解。石灰、石灰+活性炭用量的增加使MDA含量先降低后升高,而活性炭的施入减少MDA的含量。通过比较,3种改良剂的改良效果为活性炭>石灰+活性炭>石灰。     

电动绿篱修枝机的结构设计与研究

针对现有电动修枝机环境噪声大、资源消耗大和工作效率低等设计背景,提出了电动修枝机的工作原理和结构方案,设计了关键零部件,分析了试验结果。试验表明,该设计方案可行。     

姬菇品种及其培养基筛选试验

经过比较试验,从3个姬菇品种中筛选出适合宝山地区栽培的品种--姬菇57,并从当地实际出发,研究出较适宜的培养基配方和培养基含水量.     

Effects of Cinnamon Acid on Respiratory Rate and Its Related Enzymes Activity in Roots of Seedlings of Malus hupehensis Rehd

This paper studied the effects of cinnamon acid treatments on the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity in the seedling roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd.It would provide information for understanding the mechanisms of inhibition damage caused by continuous cultivation of apple tree.20 mL of solution containing different concentrations of cinnamon acid was added into container with the tested seedlings.After treatment,the samples were taken periodically and the respiratory rates were measured by OXY-LAB oxygen electrodes under 25°C stable temperature and then the activities of related enzymes were measured.The rates of total respiration and other 2 pathways [tricarboxylic acid cycle （TCA） and pentose phosphate pathway （PPP）] appeared initially an increasing treads and late （on the 3rd d） began to decline.However,they again appeared an increase trend at the end period,on the contrast,the respiratory rate of embden-meyer- hot-parnas （EMP） pathway appeared a stead decline tread but it had a recover on the last day.The respiratory rate of total and 3 pathways were decreased under 125 mg kg-1 （soil）.The dynamic trends of the enzymes activities of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase （PFK）,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G-6-PDH） and malate dehydrogenase （MDH） showed similarly.In conclusion,treatments of certain concentration of cinnamon acid would inhibit the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity of roots of M.hupehensis Rehd.And the inhibition degrees were positively related with concentration of cinnamon acid treatments.     

不同品种杏果实发育进程中多酚与类黄酮物质含量的变化

以成熟期和果实呈色不同的2个杏品种“青密沙”杏和“骆驼黄”杏为试材,采用常规方法对果实与果皮中的总酚、总类黄酮与花色苷含量分别进行了测定,以期揭示杏果实发育进程中多酚与类黄酮类物质的累积规律.结果表明:杏果皮和果肉中的总酚和总类黄酮含量均是在果实发育前期即果实第1迅速生长期呈现逐渐增加的趋势,而果实发育进入硬核期以后,这2种次生代谢物质的含量即开始逐渐降低,至商熟期又有所升高.花色苷含量则是随着果实的发育成熟而逐渐增加.“骆驼黄”杏果肉和果皮中的总酚与总类黄酮均明显高于相应的“青密沙”杏.在果实发育的任何阶段,无论是总酚、总类黄酮还是花色苷,2个杏品种果皮中的含量均明显高于果肉.由此可见,杏果实中的多酚与类黄酮类物质含量与品种、发育时期和组织部位有明显的相关性.