高山冷凉地区松花菜品种适应性评价

筛选适宜陕西太白高山冷凉地区种植的松花菜品种,为该地区松花菜品种推广提供科学依据。引进15个供试松花菜品种,以高山宝75为对照品种,运用DTOPSIS法对参试松花菜多个性状进行适应性评价。结果表明,台松90、松不老80、正能松80、正能松90和松美80综合性状均优于对照品种。其中,松不老80主要性状接近理想值,综合排名第1位,表现高产,稳产,品质优良;台松90综合排名第2位,品种综合性状表现较优;正能松80综合排名第3位,可作为优良品种推广。综上所述,15个参试松花菜品种中,台松90、松不老80和正能松80综合性状表现优良,适宜在陕西太白及周边生态环境相似的地区应用推广。     

精准扶贫视角下食用菌产业发展现状及模式建议

食用菌产业扶贫是践行"精准扶贫"理念、解决贫困地区产业基础薄弱和贫困户收入来源单一问题的重要途径.以"精准扶贫"为视角,分析食用菌产业扶贫现状及问题,提出要精准识别食用菌产业发展基础、精准统筹产业发展资源和精准探索产业管理模式等建议,为全面提升贫困地区食用菌产业质量,拓宽产业发展路径,确保如期完成脱贫任务.     

Cost analysis of sand barriers in desertified regions based on the land grid division model

Sand barriers are the most widely used mechanical implements for wind-blown sand control and desertification prevention. However, there is no standard quantitative cost analysis of the sizes and materials required for sand barriers. In this study, based on the original land grid division model for optimal resource utilization, we calculated the total side lengths of square and regular hexagonal sand barriers with the sizes of 1.0 m×1.0 m, 2.0 m×2.0 m, and 3.0 m×3.0 m in a desertified region of t...     

通过染色体整合β-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因glu14提高绿色木霉对小麦纹枯病的防治效果

 绿色木霉LTR-2是生物防治菌株。利用来自巨大芽胞杆菌Ap25的β-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因glu14构建木霉表达载体pSilent/glu14,利用限制性内切酶介导法(REMI)转化绿色木霉LTR-2。PCR扩增及Southern杂交证实目的基因已插入木霉转化子的染色体DNA上。转化子的β-1,4-葡聚糖酶水解活性,对小麦纹枯病菌的平板抑制作用及温室防治效果较原始菌株LTR-2明显提高(P<0.01),其中转化子L-10的效果最好,平板抑制率比LTR-2提高了27.0%,温室防治效果比LTR-2提高了26.7%。本试验表明,利用REMI技术,将β-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因重组到木霉染色体DNA上,是获得高效木霉工程菌株的有效手段。     

联苯菊酯10%水乳剂的配方研究

本研究通过正交优化得到联苯菊酯10%水乳剂的最佳配方：联苯菊酯原药10%,二甲苯20%,农乳602#3.5%,Tween-20 2.5%,农乳500#2%,乙二醇4%,有机硅消泡剂0.2%,去离子水补足至100%。最佳生产工艺为：使用高速剪切机,剪切转速6 000r/min,剪切时间4min。该水乳剂pH值5.7～6.5,稀释100倍于（30±2）℃恒温水浴24h未出现浮油、沉油、沉淀,经（54±2）℃热贮14d,分解率〈2%,制剂表面张力低,倾倒性佳。     

Investigation and integrated molecular diagnosis of root-knot nematodes in Panax notoginseng root in the field

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) are damaging pests that can infect thousands of plant species and cause enormous crop losses worldwide. Panax notoginseng is a common host of root-knot nematodes. In this study, we surveyed notoginseng gardens and determined the incidence of RKNs. Among the gardens surveyed, 71 % were infected with RKNs, and the RKN incidence index ranged from 8 % to 47 % in three randomly infected gardens. Meloidogyne hapla was identified as the pathogenic nematode based on 18S ribosomal RNA analysis by DNA barcoding. The results were qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed using a real-time PCR assay according to variations in the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. These results indicated that the combination of DNA barcoding and real-time PCR is a reliable and precise method for identifying parasitic nematodes from mixed-infected plant roots in the field. In addition, the abundance of ITS1 and ITS2 displayed a similar trend to the numbers of RKNs in the three gardens, which suggests that the results of real-time PCR can be used to determine the damage caused by M. hapla in the field. Our studies show that RKNs are common and can cause serious damage to notoginseng. We present an integrated method of detecting mixed nematode species in the field and confirm M. hapla as the target for parasitic nematode control in notoginseng gardens. Our results contribute to the improvement of RKN control in notoginseng and further promote the sustainable development of medicinal plants.     

中国西部河谷型城市环境质量评价

本文首先采用灰色系统评价方法、空气污染综合指数等方法对中国西部河谷型城市大气、地表水、噪声环境质量进行了客观评价。其次,分析了近年来中国西部河谷型城市环境变化的趋势。最后,提出了改善城市环境质量的若干建议。虽然中国西部部分河谷型城市的环境质量近年来大有改善,但总体上仍然较差。其中,TSP污染十分突出,部分城市的酸雨也日益严重,各主要河流的污染没有明显改善的迹象。     

鹿茸干细胞体外培养技术的研究

利用消化酶消化法,用DMEM培养基对鹿茸干细胞进行了体外培养,分别从原代培养、传代、冻存、以及复苏等几个环节进行了试验。摸索鹿茸干细胞合适的体外培养条件,为鹿茸的各项相关研究打基础。结果表明,用透明质酸酶和胶原酶对组织样进行消化,然后用10%DMEM培养基进行培养细胞生长效果较好。适宜培养条件是37℃、5%CO2最大饱和湿度。     

自修复多层液膜和壳聚糖采前处理对杧果果实品质及保鲜的效应

以"桂热82号"杧为材料,采前30 d对杧果果实分别进行1%壳聚糖浸涂、自修复多层液膜浸涂及对照(清水)处理,探讨这两种保鲜方式对杧果采后果实品质的影响。结果表明,自修复多层液膜处理可以抑制杧果腐烂率、失重率、可溶性固形物含量的上升,延缓杧果硬度,可滴定酸、可溶性糖及维生素C含量的下降,更好地维持杧果果实品质,此外,自修复多层液膜处理还抑制了果实丙二醛含量、多酚氧化酶活性的上升,降低了膜脂系统的伤害,提高了杧果过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性,提高了果实抗氧化能力。与1%壳聚糖浸涂处理相比,自修复多层液膜处理对杧果的果实品质和采后保鲜效应更好。     

北京郊区猪戊型肝炎流行初步调查

用间接ELISA试剂盒对北京市郊区所采集的174份猪血清样品进行了抗体检测,结果显示,其抗体总阳性率达62.1%。针对戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)ORF2/ORF3重叠区设计了简并引物,采用巢式RT-PCR对随即采取的少量猪粪便样品进行了抗原检测。结果表明,部分粪便样品中存在HEV。