大钟岭水库氮磷营养盐季节变化及其与水质的关系

通过对大钟岭水库进行为期1年的水质和生态系统的调查,发现氮磷营养盐的浓度变化具有明显的季节性,即秋冬季营养盐浓度为全年最高,夏季受降雨影响为全年营养盐浓度最低;总磷和叶绿素a浓度具有很强的相关性,是浮游植物的首要限制性因子;总氮和叶绿素浓度有一定的相关性;叶绿素浓度和透明度有很强的负相关性;总磷、总氮含量受季节影响比较大,叶绿素浓度由于受营养盐浓度的影响而发生相应的变化。     

Seasonal and temporal changes in species use of the landscape: how do they impact the inferences from multi-scale habitat modeling?

Context

Multi-scale approaches to habitat modeling have been shown to provide more accurate understanding and predictions of species-habitat associations. It remains however unexplored how spatial and temporal variations in habitat use may affect multi-scale habitat modeling.

Objectives

We aimed at assessing how seasonal and temporal differences in species habitat use and distribution impact operational scales, variable influence, habitat suitability spatial patterns, and performance of multi-scale models.

Methods

We evaluated the environmental factors driving brown bear habitat relationships in the Cantabrian Range (Spain) based on species presence records (ground observations) for the period 2000–2010, LiDAR data on forest structure, and seasonal estimates of foraging resources. We separately developed multi-scale habitat models for (i) each season (spring, summer, fall and winter) (ii) two sub-periods with different population status: 2000–2004 (with brown bear distribution restricted to the main population nuclei) and 2005–2010 (with expanding bear population and range); and (iii) the entire 2000–2010 period.

Results

Scales of effect remained considerably stable across seasonal and temporal variations, but not the influence of certain environmental variables. The predictive ability of multi-scale models was lower in the seasons or periods in which populations used larger areas and a broader variety of environmental conditions. Seasonal estimates of foraging resources, together with LiDAR data, appeared to improve the performance of multi-scale habitat models.

Conclusions

We highlight that the understanding of multi-scale behavioral responses of species to spatial patterns that continually shift over time may be essential to unravel habitat relationships and produce reliable estimates of species distributions.

     

多孔毛管温室冠层空间热风增温实验

为研究微孔散热条件下,多孔毛管沿程温度分布规律、温室冠层以下空间的垂直温度梯度及其与主要影响因素之间的关系,构建了多孔毛管温室空间热风增温实验系统。对多孔毛管进行保温围护,以毛管进口温度、进风压力、出风孔径等为实验参数,采集毛管前端孔口、中间孔口与末端孔口围护空间内温度数据,分析其在毛管沿程方向上和垂直空间内的分布规律。实验结果表明,毛管沿程出风孔口围护空间温升略有降低;垂直空间内温升呈先上升后下降的驼峰状变化趋势。不同进口温度、进风压力条件下,构建的热风增温系统可以使围护空间内距地面800～1 200 mm高度空间内的温度升高2.5～6.2℃。     

银杏果热风干燥工艺参数响应面法优化

利用自制的热风干燥在线测试装置,对银杏果的热风干燥进行了试验研究,探讨了热风温度、热风速度及装载量对含水率、干燥速率的影响,通过响应面分析和逐步逼近法分析了热风温度、热风速度及装载量与干燥过程平均能耗、平均干燥速率、蛋白质保存率以及干燥后的感官品质之间的关系,建立了二次回归数学模型。并利用函数期望优化方法进行了多目标函数优化,确定了银杏果热风干燥的最佳工艺参数组合。结果表明,银杏果热风干燥过程中加速过程不明显,主要集中在恒速和降速的干燥阶段。其最佳工艺参数组合为:热风温度68℃、热风速度1.15 m/s、装载量15.58 kg/m2。此时平均能耗为11.86 kW.h/kg、平均干燥速率为9.77%/h、蛋白质保存率为90.30%、感官评分为8.57分。     

复合蛋白酶在即食海参加工中的应用

用复合蛋白酶处理盐渍海参,作为加工冻干即食海参的预处理样品,研究其酶处理最适工艺。试验结果表明,酶处理温度40℃,处理50 m in,水浸泡13 h,酶用量为肉重0.075%时,处理后的海参胶原蛋白溶解度(DD%)为(38.14±0.52)%,与水发海参接近[(39.34±0.47)%],口感达到最佳。从酶处理海参和盐渍海参的红外光谱分析可知,二者的营养成分无明显差异,达到生产冻干即食海参的要求。     

K均值和分层聚类法在大米产地鉴别中的应用

大米称誉为五谷之首,是我国的主要粮食作物。大米产地鉴别方法的研究对于保护广大消费者和生产厂家的利益、推动我国大米出口业的发展等都具有重要意义。为此,选取了19个响水大米样品和10个非响水大米样品,使用等离子体原子发射光谱的方法测定了样品中P,B,Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn,Na,K,Mg和Ca等10种微量元素的含量,并利用样品中的微量元素含量数据,使用K-Means聚类法和Hierarchical聚类法对大米样品进行了聚类分析。结果表明,K-Means和Hierarchical聚类法对于样品有聚类趋势。研究结果能够为大米生产厂商与质检部门鉴别大米产地提供参考和借鉴。     

Injection molding of vertebral fixed cage implant

A vertebral cage is a hollow medical device which is used in spine surgery. By implanting the cage into the spine column, it is possible to restore disc and relieve pressure on the nerve roots. Most cages have been made of titanium alloys but they detract the biocompatibility. Currently PEEK (polyether ether ketone) is applied to various implants because it has good properties like heat resistance, chemical resistance, strength, and especially biocompatibility. A new shape of vertebral cage is designed and injection molding of PEEK is considered for production. Before injection molding of the cage, it is needed to evaluate process conditions and properties of the final product. Variables affecting the shrinkage of the cage are considered, e.g., injection time, packing pressure, mold temperature, and melt temperature. By using the numerical simulation program, MOLDFLOW, several cases are studied. Data files obtained by MOLDFLOW analysis are used for stress analysis with ABAQUS, and shrinkage and residual stress fields are predicted. With these results, optimum process conditions are determined.     

芦笋种子研究进展

芦笋是一种食药同源的高档蔬菜,20世纪芦笋由欧洲传入中国,70年代初形成规模种植。目前,我国栽培面积和出口量均超过世界总量的50%。近年来,国内外对芦笋育种、栽培、药理、采收加工等方面已有很多研究,但对芦笋种子的研究相对较少。该研究对芦笋种子形态特征、化学成分、生物学特征、抗性特征以及种质资源评价与鉴定等方面进行了综述,以期为更好的研究利用提供参考。     

不同澄清处理对赤霞珠干红葡萄酒澄清度和色度的影响

采用明胶、壳聚糖、蛋清、果胶酶、木瓜蛋白酶5种澄清剂,对赤霞珠干红葡萄酒进行澄清处理,分解其中的果胶和蛋白质等胶体物质,使其与酒中的单宁、蛋白质、金属复合物,以及果胶质等发生絮凝作用,从而将这些物质除去,以提高酒的澄清度、稳定性和减轻酒的脱色。结果表明,0.08%壳聚糖、0.005%木瓜蛋白酶、0.05%明胶澄清处理的澄清度好于0.05%果胶酶和0.04%蛋清处理,但0.05%明胶处理引起酒的脱色较重。因此,0.08%壳聚糖和0.005%木瓜蛋白酶处理是较理想的赤霞珠干红葡萄酒的澄清处理方法。