干旱和盐胁迫对盐生植物盐生草种子萌发特性的影响

本研究以盐生植物盐生草为材料,以不同浓度的PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫和以不同浓度的4种钠盐(NaCl、Na₂SO₄、NaHCO₃、Na₂CO₃)进行盐胁迫,探讨其对盐生草种子萌发特性的影响。结果表明:随着PEG-6000浓度的升高,盐生草种子发芽率、发芽势呈现下降的趋势,幼苗鲜重、干重、株高以及根系活力均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。聚类分析和主成分分析结果显示,以6% PEG-6000为结点,将不同浓度PEG-6000处理聚为两类,鲜重可被首选为评价盐生草萌发期耐干旱的重要参数;随着4种钠盐处理浓度的升高,发芽率、发芽势、幼苗鲜重、干重、株高以及根系活力均呈现不同程度的下降趋势,表明盐胁迫对种子的萌发以及幼苗的生长均有抑制作用,当Na⁺浓度相同时,4种钠盐对盐生草种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制作用大小为Na₂CO₃>NaHCO₃>NaCl>Na₂SO₄,聚类分析和主成分分析结果显示,以50.00 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃,62.50 mmol·L^-1 Na₂SO₄,25.00 mmol·L^-1 Na₂CO₃ 和100.00 mmol·L^-1 NaCl为结点,将各钠盐胁迫浓度聚为两类,其中发芽指标可被首选为评价盐生草萌发期耐NaHCO₃、Na₂SO₄的重要参数,根系活力可被首选为评价盐生草萌发期耐Na₂CO₃的重要参数,干重可被首选为评价盐生草萌发期耐NaCl的重要参数。     

Effects of berberine and yohimbine on splenocyte apoptosis in septic mice

AIM: To observe the effects of berberine and yohimbine on splenocyte apoptosis in septic mice and underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The mice were subjected to cecal ligature and puncture (CLP). The drugs or vehicle were given intragastrically 2 h after the surgery according to the following 5 groups: sham, CLP, CLP+berberine, CLP+yohimbine, and CLP+berberine+yohimbine. The apoptosis of splenocytes stained by TUNEL was observed under laser scanning confocal microscope 20 h after CLP. The splenic lymphocytes were isolated and observed using flow cytometry. The activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 in splenic lymphocytes were detected, and the expression of Fas, Bim, Bcl-2 and Bax in the splenocytes was also determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: The TUNEL staining showed that the apoptotic rate of the splenocytes in septic mice 20 h after CLP was significantly higher than that in sham and CLP+yohimbine groups (P＜0.05). Compared with CLP group, the proportion of apoptotic cells was decreased in septic mice in CLP+berberine+yohimbine and CLP+yohimbine groups (P＜0.05). Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated the similar results in the apoptosis of splenocytes and T lymphocytes. However, only yohimbine treatment reduced the apoptosis of B lymphocytes in the spleen of sepsis-challenged mice. Compared with CLP group, caspase-9 activity was significantly reduced in CLP+berberine group (P＜0.05), the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were all statistically reduced (P＜0.05) in CLP+yohimbine group and CLP+yohimbine+berberine group. CLP significantly increased the expression of cytosolic Fas, Bim and mitochondrial Bax in the splenocytes, and decreased Bcl-2 expression compared with sham group. Compared with CLP group, the expression of cytosolic Bim and mitochondrial Bax in CLP+berberine group were reduced (P＜0.05). Fas expression decreased only in CLP+yohimbine group (P＜0.05). Berberine combined with yohimbine reduced the expression of cytosolic Fas, Bim and mitochondrial Bax in the septic mouse splenocytes (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Yohimbine reduces sepsis-induced splenic lymphocyte apoptosis in mice by inhibiting Fas expression and in turn blocking both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Berberine reduces Bim expression and inhibits caspase-9 activation, but not caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in the septic mouse splenocytes. Berberine combined with yohimbine reduces splenocyte apoptosis in the septic mice by inhibiting both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.     

薄皮甜瓜新品种‘津甜100’的选育

‘津甜100’是以‘BZS-1-3-2’为母本、‘MKW-1-3-6-1-1-1-1’为父本育成的薄皮甜瓜一代杂种。该品种植株长势旺盛,综合抗性好,以孙蔓结果为主。果实矮梨形,果实发育期约30 d,单果质量500⁶00 g。果皮白色,成熟后微有黄晕,果面光洁。果肉白色,平均可溶性固形物含量16.0%,肉质脆,香味浓郁,口感风味俱佳。平均每667 m2产量2 800 kg。春季保护地、露地均可种植。     

甜瓜RAPD反应体系的优化

以甜瓜单性花类型植株为材料,采用改良的CTAB法提取基因组,对影响RAPD反应的各种因子进行筛选。结果表明:在20μL反应体积中,RAPD优化反应体系为:模板DNA浓度2.5ng/μL,dNTP 0.25 mmol/L,随机引物0.8μmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶1.0U。利用此优化的反应体系,采用BSA法筛选出一条长约550bp与甜瓜单性花相关基因连锁的分子标记。     

施用生物菌肥对烤烟香味物质成分的影响

[目的]为了研究生物菌肥对烤后烟叶的提质增效的效果.[方法]用不同浓度的生物菌肥进行叶面喷肥和土壤施肥.[结果]不同处理对烟叶内在化学成分的影响不同.与对照相比,微生物菌肥对烤烟的品质都有显著的差异,其中表现最好的为处理③叶面施肥,它对烟叶品质有所提高.[结论]叶面喷施微生物菌肥在烤烟品质上表现出较好的效果.     

Effects of icariin preconditioning on inflammatory responses in myocar-dial ischemia-reperfusion injury

AIM:To observe the effects of icariin on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS:The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 30 min and then loosened for 2 h to establish the rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Forty-eight healthy adult male SD rats weighing 250~300 g were randomly divided into sham group, model group, low-, middle-and high-dose icariin groups, and aspirin group. The morphological changes of the myocardium were observed by HE staining. The protein expression of NF-κB p65 in the myocardial nucleus was determined by the method of immunohistochemistry. The content of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the myocardial tissues was detected by Western blotting. The level of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the serum was measured by ELISA. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the myocardial tissues was assayed by colorimetry. RESULTS:Compared with sham group, TNF-α content, IL-1β concentration, NF-κB expression and MPO activity in all other groups increased. Compared with model group, TNF-α content, IL-1β concentration, NF-κB expression and MPO activity in low-, middle- and high-dose icariin groups and aspirin group all decreased. No significant difference of the above parameters between high-dose icariin group and aspirin group was observed. CONCLUSION: Icariin preconditioning reduces inflammatory responses in the process of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in a dose-dependent manner.     

农业供应链融资模式研究——以温州苍南县为例

介绍了农业供应链融资的内涵和作用,研究了温州苍南县农业供应链融资的主要模式,发现存在农业企业违约和法律监管缺失等问题,并提出了相应对策.     

大豆分离蛋白/酶改性胡萝卜纤维可食性复合膜性能的研究

将大豆分离蛋白（SPI）与酶改性胡萝卜纤维（CF）复合制备可食膜,研究CF质量分数、纤维素酶浓度和酶促反应时间3个因素对可食膜膜性能的影响,分析SPI和CF的复合反应以及纤维素酶改性CF过程的作用机理。结果表明,3个因素对可食膜性能具有显著影响（P<0.05）。随着CF质量分数的增大(0~25%),抗张强度（TS）增大,断裂伸长率（E）减小,水蒸气透过系数（WVP）先减小后增大;当CF质量分数增到16.7%时,WVP减小到最小值。随着纤维素酶浓度的增大或维素酶反应时间的延长,TS和E均先增大后减小,WVP减小;当纤维素酶的浓度为0.2 IU/g时,或当处理时间达到1 h时,TS和E最大,WVP变化趋于稳定。     

可食性果蔬纸的研究进展

果蔬纸是果蔬深加工产品的一种,可以直接食用,也可以作为食品包装材料,是近年食品行业研究的一大热点。综述了果蔬纸的研究现状,包括原料使用现状、工艺研究现状和性能研究现状,展望了果蔬纸的应用及发展前景,对目前果蔬纸在研究和应用中存在的一些问题进行了分析,并提出了解决问题的建议。     

山东主栽光皮木瓜品种香气成分的研究

光皮木瓜(Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehe)系蔷薇科(Rosaceae)木瓜属(Chaenomeles Lindl.)植物,主要分布于陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、云南等地[1].木瓜集观赏、食用、药用于一体,是不可多得的经济和药用树种;其果实成熟后呈暗黄或金黄色,气味芳香,且内含有多种活性物质,具有抗肿瘤、保肝、抑菌、强心、利尿、抗衰老等功效,是医药工业的重要原料[2].