Multiple amino acid substitutions are involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice

To explore adaptation of avian influenza virus to mice we previously performed serial lung-to-lung passages of the influenza A/Chicken/Jiangsu/7/2002 (H9N2) strain, resulting in the isolation of a variant influenza strain lethal for mice. We now report that virulence correlates with improved growth characteristics on mammalian cells and extended tissue tropism in vivo. Sequencing of the complete genomes of the wild-type and mouse-adapted viruses revealed 25 amino acid substitutions. Some were found to reiterate known substitutions in human and swine H9N2 influenza isolates. Functions affected include nuclear localization signals and sites of protein and RNA interaction, while others are known determinants of pathogenicity and host specificity such as the viral polymerase PB2 E627K substitution. These observations suggest that enhanced growth characteristics and modified cell tropism may contribute to increased virulence in mice. We conclude that multiple amino acid substitutions are likely to be involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice.     

Regulation of fibroblast growth factor 9 on the differentiation of goat intramuscular adipocytes

It has been found that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF-FGFR) signaling can regulate the expression of adipocyte differentiation genes. FGF9 is one of the members of FGFs that mainly binds receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3. FGF9 is highly expressed in the adipose tissue of humans and mice, but there are few reports on the role of FGF9 in goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, this study explored the effect of FGF9 on adipocyte differentiation through cell culture, interference, and overexpression. The expression of receptors FGFR1–FGFR4 in adipocyte differentiation and their effects on differentiation were detected to screen receptor gene of FGF9. Finally, the interaction between FGF9 and the receptor was tested by cotransfection. Our results showed that FGF9 interacts with FGFR2 to inhibit goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref1), which is a data support for subsequent pathway research.     

表观健康猪群携带猪链球菌2型毒力因子的分布特征

为了研究钦州市猪链球菌2型(SS2)的毒力因子分布特征,采用多重PCR方法对从我市健康猪扁桃体分离的11株SS2相关毒力基因——荚膜多糖(Cps2J),溶菌酶释放蛋白(Mrp),胞外蛋白因子(EF),溶血素(Sly),进行毒力基因检测。检测结果显示:毒力基因型为Mrp+epf+Sly+共有8株,毒力基因型为Mrp+epf+Sly-共有1株,这两种毒力基因型可归为强毒力基因型,占此次健康猪源毒株的81.8%;另外Mrp-epf-Sly-共有2株,属于弱毒和无毒基因型,占健康猪源毒株的18.2%。通过结果分析,预示我市目前SS2的主要流行菌株是同时具有4种毒力因子的高致病性菌株。     

有机铬对奶牛的作用

奶牛在妊娠晚期、产奶早期、高温时期和运输过程中处于极度应激的状态下,生产性能、免疫力、繁殖性能均受到影响。近年来研究发现有机铬对缓解奶牛应激有显著的作用,本文将就此作一综述。     

干旱预处理对一年生黑麦草耐盐性的影响

全球土壤盐渍化正在威胁着植物的生长发育,提高植物抗盐性已是当前亟待解决的问题。利用植物对逆境胁迫的交叉适应性是提高抗逆性的一种经济有效的方法,但关于干旱能否增强植物耐盐性的研究甚少。本试验以一年生黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum Lam.）为试验材料,对植物进行单一盐处理（NaCl）、经干旱预处理的盐处理（PEG-NaCl）,以及盐旱同时处理（PEG+NaCl）,比较相对含水量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛、钠离子及钾离子含量等生理指标。结果表明：盐胁迫使植物的钠离子含量显著增加,叶绿素含量及相对含水量降低;但经PEG处理后,相比于单一盐处理,叶绿素及钠离子分别有所增加及降低,其中,5% PEG的作用显著优于10% PEG处理;而盐旱同时发生则对植物造成了最大的伤害。因此,适宜强度的干旱预处理在一定程度上可减少盐胁迫对植物的伤害。     

Identification of polymorphisms and association analysis with meat quality traits in the porcine KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B genes

Skeletal muscle genes are potential candidates for production and meat quality. Screening a subtracted cDNA library constructed with mRNA obtained from longissimus dorsi muscles of F1 hybrids Landrace × Yorkshire and their female parents Yorkshire, we isolated two partial sequences coding for the H3-K4-specific methyltransferase (KIAA1717) and skeletal muscle myosin regulatory light chain (HUMMLC2B) genes. Database search revealed KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B encoded proteins with SET domain and EF-hand calcium binding motif, respectively. In the present work we identified their partial polymorphisms and two SNPs, one (C1354T) at the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of KIAA1717 and one (A345G) at the SINE (PRE-1) element of HUMMLC2B, both created/disrupted a restriction site for endonuclease Msp I. The selected pigs were genotyped at the KIAA1717 C1354T and HUMMLC2B A345G sites by means of a PCR-RFLP protocol. Significant associations were observed for the KIAA1717 C1354T polymorphic site with meat marbling (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)) and intramuscular fat (p < 0.01). HUMMLC2B A345G were significantly associated with meat pH (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)), drip loss (p < 0.01), water holding capacity (p < 0.01) and meat color value (longissimus doris (p < 0.01), biceps femoris (p < 0.05)). Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.     

饲料配方中影子价格的定义及其应用

1 饲料配方中影子价格的定义和意义 在以线性规划为基础的饲料配方模型分析和应用中，对影子价格的表述有两个：一是配方营养约束条件的影子价格；二是原料的影子价格。     

家禽败血型大肠杆菌病的防治

禽大肠杆菌病是由致病性埃希氏大肠杆菌引起的传染病，主要表现为肠炎、脐带炎、全眼球炎、气囊炎、卵黄性腹膜炎、大肠杆菌性肉芽肿、关节炎和败血症。由于致病性大肠杆菌血清型众多，各地血清型分布差异大，给防治工作带来很大的难度，对养禽业造成严重的危害。据统计，我国每年因大肠杆菌病死亡鸡３１７０多万羽，经济损失３亿多元。２０００年８月以来，我区大面积发生以神经症状及下痢为主要特征的败血型大肠杆菌病，我们进行了大量的防治研究工作，现报道如下：１流行情况２０００年８月中旬以来，在南宁市、南宁地区、玉林市、桂林市…     

日粮添加免疫生长促进剂C96对雏鸡若干血液指标的影响

选择１２０只１日龄ＡＡ商品健康雏鸡,随机分为４组,每组３０只。初步观察了日粮添加免疫生长促进剂Ｃ９６对血液中红细胞总数（ＲＢＣ）、比容（ＰＣＶ）、血红蛋白含量（Ｈｂ）、网织红细胞比例（ＲＣＣ）、白细胞总数（ＷＢＣ）等的影响。结果表明：肉雏鸡在１５ｄ时,日粮添加Ｃ９６为１１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,饲料的Ｃ９６组和疫苗－Ｃ９６组,与对照组和疫苗组比较,ＲＢＣ和Ｈｂ增高,ＷＢＣ显著下降,ＲＣＣ降低,ＰＣＶ无明显规律性变化;３０ｄ和４５ｄ时,添加Ｃ９６组和疫苗－Ｃ９６组的ＲＢＣ、Ｈｂ和ＰＣＶ,与对照组和疫苗组基本相近,ＷＢＣ和ＲＣＣ均比对照组和疫苗组低或明显低。但３０ｄ时疫苗组的ＷＢＣ比对照组高。整个试验期,ＲＢＣ、ＷＢＣ和ＰＣＶ随日龄的增长呈上升趋势,ＲＣＣ呈波动性下降。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Echinococcus granulosus</Emphasis>: Immunoprotection accompanyied by humoral and cytokine response against secondary hydatidosis in mice immunized with r<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eg.</Emphasis>myophilin

Objects:  

This study aimed to investigate the immunoprotection of the recombinant Eg.myophilin (rEg.myophilin) and tentatively analyze mechanism of this protection.