猪场生物安全体系中十个通道的设计应用

2018年8月开始,非洲猪瘟在我国快速多点发生,该病是高度接触性传染性疾病,目前无有效的疫苗和药物控制,各大公司和养殖户开始了猪场生物安全体系的升级改造。两年后我国大部分猪场的成功复产,全国生猪出栏量的大幅提升,证明了生物安全措施巨大效力;同时在严格的生物安全措施下创新了精准剔除、快速复产等操作,进一步证明了生物安全措施的有效作用。文章主要介绍猪场生物安全体系中入口(大门)和出口(后门)最为关键防线处的通道设计,方便所有的生物安全操作能够高效落实,切断病原轻易进出猪场的途径。     

浅谈饲料企业的执行力——执行过程篇

国内众多专家、学者仁者见仁,从饲料企业的各个角度谈到了饲料企业执行力方面的问题,并提出了许多有针对性的建议。本篇文章,笔者根据多年对饲料企业的研究,从执行力执行的过程方面．对饲料企业指令下达的各成员要素进行分析．并对指令执行流程中的各参与要素进行初步研究．在此分析研究的基础上,从管理学角度给出一些合理化的建议,希望给相关的饲料企业在经营管理上能够有所帮助。     

中蜂来源的微孢子虫对意蜂工蜂的侵染性研究

为探讨中蜂来源的微孢子虫对意蜂的侵染性,本试验将纯化自中蜂的微孢子虫,以每只蜂1×105个和5×105个孢子的接种量,分别给2日、5日、8日、11日龄无微孢子虫感染的意蜂成年工蜂接种,在30℃±0.5℃,65%～80%RH,黑暗中隔离饲养10日后,各日龄工蜂的平均感染率达86.3%～100%,每只蜂中肠的平均产孢量为5.60×105～3.39×106个。在两接种量下,2日、5日龄意蜂工蜂的产孢量均显著(P<0.05)高于8日、11日龄的产孢量。试验首次证实了中蜂来源的微孢子虫对意蜂成年工蜂具较强的侵染性。     

湖南省某生猪批发市场疫病传播风险评估

为评估湖南省某生猪批发市场猪群疫病的发生风险,找出可能的风险因素,便于提出针对性预防措施,采用自行设计的调查问卷,结合访谈和现场调查,对27户经营户进行了调查,并将调查结果和调运数据相结合进行了疫病传播风险定性评估。结果显示:该市场疫病传入的可能性"高",内部传播的可能性"中等",疫病传出的可能性"高"。生猪调运频次多、数量大,经纪人行为复杂,运输车辆清洗消毒不彻底是可能的风险因素。评估结果提示,应尽量减少经纪人行为影响,重点加强对运输车辆的清洗消毒。     

人禽流感流行概况

在有关人禽流感的字眼频频见诸报端的时候,一种莫名的恐慌不断折磨着人们,什么是人禽流感,禽流感和人禽流感有什么不同,禽流感通过什么途径传染给人,人感染禽流感会出现什么症状等一系列问题困惑着大家。众所周知,自去年以来,我国13亿人口中仅有18人感染禽流感,而我国3000多万家禽从业人员中尚未发现感染禽流感。禽流感已有140年的历史,我国相关部门是以科学发展观指导禽流感防控工作,不断完善人禽流感诊断标准和《人禽流感诊疗方案》,弄清人感染禽流感及人间传播的机理,并科学加以宣传引导。人类对任何事物的认识都有一个从不知到初步了解再到深入掌握的过程。本期专家论坛对全球人禽流感流行概况和人禽流感流行病学进行了科学的分析,以事物发展的本来面目展现给大家,旨在使广大家禽从业人员对禽流感有一个更加深入全面的了解。恐惧止于智者,我们相信,只要坚持科学,积极面对,人类有能力控制禽流感,中国家禽业也必将“风雨过后是彩虹”。     

犬类诱食剂中酶解反应与美拉德反应最佳条件优化研究

试验旨在开发一款适用于干犬粮的诱食剂,研究犬类诱食剂中酶解反应与美拉德反应的最佳条件.试验选用鸡胸肉、鸡心、鸡肝为主要原料,采用木瓜蛋白酶进行水解,在酶解液中添加木糖和L-半胱氨酸,利用美拉德反应产物制备适合犬类的诱食剂.采用单因素和正交试验,以水解度为考核指标,研究水解反应过程;通过感官评价及动物试验探索最佳美拉德反...     

中国苜蓿产业发展面临的问题及其对策

"困难如潮,希望似海"。建设现代农业产业技术体系是提高农业科技创新能力和创新效率的新思路、新机制。要以产品为单元,以产业为主线,梳理每个农产品产业链条的技术需求,解决每个环节的生产技术难题,依靠科技进步提升农业的素质、效益和竞争力。本刊携手国家奶牛产业技术研发中心共同开办"奶牛养殖"专栏。本栏目将围绕奶业发展的需求,以详实的数据、实用的技术、朴实的文章、精美的版式,宣传现代奶牛产业技术,提高奶业科技创新能力,增强我国奶业竞争力。     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.     

A cluster of two psittacosis cases among women farmers exposed to Chlamydia psittaci-infected domestic poultry in Zhejiang Province,China

A cluster of Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) cases was reported in Zhejiang Province, China, 2019. This study evaluates the extent of the outbreak and determines the source of infection. Real-time PCR and sequencing of the ompA gene of C. psittaci were performed to identify the cases, the domesticated poultry and close contacts. The index patient was a 76-year-old woman with chronic vertigo, and Case 2 was a 64-year-old female farmer with herpes zoster. Both women bought psittaci-infected chickens or ducks from the same mobile street vendor and raised them for 10 days and 23 days before fever onset. There were no direct contact between the two women. C. psittaci test was positive for the two patients, one sick chicken, three healthy ducks and the vendor's chicken cage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all seven C. psittaci positive samples carried identical ompA genotype A of C. psittaci. Of all of the patients' 148 close contacts, none tested positive for C. psittaci, or developed acute respiratory symptoms. Both patients were discharged after a 4-week hospital stay. In conclusion, the source of this cluster was the poultry infected with C. psittaci, which occasionally cause infections in farmers, but inter-human transmission seems unlikely.