突出重点 狠抓落实 加快推进连云港市农机化发展步伐

以农民增收、农业增效为中心,着力抓好水稻机插秧示范推广工作和组织实施“兴机富民”工程,提高跨区作业组织化程度;强化农机安全生产专项整治,规范农机市场经济秩序,促进农机化事业快速发展。     

Sensitivity analysis of optimal operation of irrigation supply systems with water quality considerations

A model for optimal operation of water supply/irrigation systems of various water quality sources, with treatment plants, multiple water quality conservative factors, and dilution junctions is presented. The objective function includes water cost at the sources, water conveyance costs which account for the hydraulics of the network indirectly, water treatment cost, and yield reduction costs of irrigated crops due to irrigation with poor quality water. The model can be used for systems with supply by canals as well as pipes, which serve both drinking water demands of urban/rural consumers and field irrigation requirements. The general nonlinear optimization problem has been simplified by decomposing it to a problem with linear constraints and nonlinear objective function. This problem is solved using the projected gradient method. The method is demonstrated for a regional water supply system in southern Israel that contains 39 pipes, 37 nodes, 11 sources, 10 agricultural consumers, and 4 domestic consumers. The optimal operation solution is described by discharge and salinity values for all pipes of the network. Sensitivity of the optimal solution to changes in the parameters is examined. The solution was found to be sensitive to the upper limit on drinking water quality, with total cost being reduced by 5% as the upper limit increases from 260 to 600 mg Cl l^–1. The effect of income from unit crop yield is more pronounced. An increase of income by a factor of 20 results in an increase of the total cost by a factor of 3, thus encouraging more use of fresh water as long as the marginal cost of water supply is smaller than the marginal decrease in yield loss. The effect of conveyance cost becomes more pronounced as its cost increases. An increase by a factor of 100 results in an increase of the total cost by about 14%. The network studied has a long pipe that connects two distinct parts of the network and permits the supply of fresh water from one part to the other. Increasing the maximum permitted discharge in this pipe from 0 to 200 m³ h^–1 reduces the total cost by 11%. Increasing the maximum discharge at one of the sources from 90 to 300 m³ h^–1 reduces the total cost by about 8%.     

厌氧消化物对西瓜的促生抑病作用

本文研究了厌氧消化物（沼液和沼渣）对西瓜生长和西瓜枯萎病的影响。用沼液浸种，浓度为０．５％～５％时均可提高发芽率，以２％沼液与８小时浸泡时间为最佳组合，大于５％时降低发芽率。用沼渣与土壤混合，比例为１：５，１：７，１：１０时西瓜生长的各项指标均高于对照，以１：５为最佳；１：３时各项指标与对照相差不多；１：２时各项指标低于对照。沼渣与土壤混合后可抑制西瓜枯萎病，沼渣用量越大抑制作用越明显。当比例为１：７，１：５，１：３时，防效分别为１８％，５８％和８６％。病害发生后用沼液灌根可阻止西瓜枯萎病发展，但没有治疗作用。     

“WaterMan”: an on-farm water management game with heuristic capabilities

A modern computer-based simulation tool (WaterMan) in the form of a game for on-farm water management was developed for application in training events for farmers, students, and irrigators. The WaterMan game utilizes an interactive framework, thereby allowing the user to develop scenarios and test alternatives in a convenient, risk-free environment. It includes a comprehensive soil water and salt balance calculation algorithm. It also employs heuristic capabilities for modeling all of the important aspects of on-farm water management, and to provide quantitative performance evaluations and practical water management advice to the trainees. Random events (both favorable and unfavorable) and different strategic decisions are included in the game for more realism and to provide an appropriate level of challenge according to player performance. Thus, the ability to anticipate the player skill level, and to reply with random events appropriate to the anticipated level, is provided by the heuristic capabilities used in the software. These heuristic features were developed based on a combination of two artificial intelligence approaches: (1) a pattern recognition approach and (2) reinforcement learning based on a Markov decision processes approach, specifically the Q-learning method. These two approaches were combined in a new way to account for the difference in the effect of actions taken by the player and action taken by the system in the game world. The reward function for the Q-learning method was modified to reflect the suggested classification of the WaterMan game as what is referred to as a partially competitive and partially cooperative game.     

深圳市河道水环境综合治理的典型

通过对深圳市新洲河生态景观改造工程设计，摸索出一条融合现代水利工程、城市规划、风景园林、生态、水污染治理等多学科多专业进行城市河道综合治理工程设计方法，为探索深圳市河道生态改造打开思路。通过对深圳市新洲河两岸景观改造，将新洲河融入城市公共空间，使其成为居民的滨水休闲廊道；在截污的基础上，通过补水、水质净化等一系列措施，使河道水质变清，达到规定的地表水Ⅴ类标准；通过对河道的生态改造，恢复河道生态功能，提高水体自净能力，成为深圳市的生态景观廊道，达到人与自然的和谐相处。     

基于参数投影寻踪模型的水稻节水栽培经济效益分析

运用参数投影寻踪评价模型 (PPE) ,利用加速遗传算法同时优化 9个评价指标参数 ,对旱育稀植节水栽培不同密度方式下的经济效益进行综合评价 ,得出最优的插秧规格 ,评价效果较好 ,可在节水栽培经济效益分析中推广应用     

湖北省赤眼蜂(Trichogramma)的寄主记录

本文在已知湖北省9种赤眼蜂的基础上,对其寄主进行了考查,现已查明的寄主有101种,其中有57种为我国新记录,即松毛虫赤眼蜂新寄主有3种,拟澳洲赤眼蜂有三种,稻螟赤眼蜂有10种,玉米螟赤眼蜂有6种,粘虫赤眼蜂有9种,舟蛾赤眼蜂有7种,广赤眼     

蝇蛆养殖技术的研究：Ⅰ.影响成蝇卵量的因子作用模型

蝇蛆含有丰富的营养物质,是一种很有前途的动物蛋白源。本文采用正交旋转组合设计方法建立了影响种蝇卵量的多目标因子作用模型,并进行了主因子效应和交互效应分析。结果表明:种蝇饲养室温度是影响种群产卵历期的主因子;饲养室温度和饲养密度是影响前20天总卵量的主因子;饲养密度和光照时数对种群卵量的交互效应显著;饲养室温度和光照时数对种群产卵历期的交互效应显著。     

温度对微小花蝽实验种群增长的影响

实验室饲养观察结果表明，在15－35℃温度范围内，随温度升高，微小花蝽的发育速率加快，成虫寿命缩短，在25℃下的世代存活率最高。根据实验数据计算出该虫的卵期发育起点温度为13．6℃，有效积温为1＝55．15日．度；若虫期发育起点温度为8．0℃，有效积温为270．1日．度。组建了25℃和30℃两种温度下的该虫的实验种群生命表。     

连作根系分泌物加剧土传病害的机制和缓解措施研究进展

基于植物-土壤反馈理论,连作体系中的根系分泌物必然在加剧土传病害发生中起重要作用,但相关研究证据尚缺少系统总结。本文梳理了连作导致土传病害加剧的现象以及连作对典型根系分泌物组分的累积。从有利于土传病原菌由土体向根际迁移、增殖和致病（“利病”）、破坏根际有益微生物群落防线（“压益”）和毒害根系免疫系统（“自毒”）等三个方面,揭示连作根系分泌物中某些物质促进土传病原菌入侵的机制。从根系分泌物角度阐述轮作、间作、套作、伴生和嫁接等多样性种植方式缓解连作土传病害的机制。提出鉴定“利病”、“压益”和“自毒”物质以及构建对应的消减技术途径,可为土传病害绿色高效综合防控提供理论和技术支撑。