Overexpression of SSTR2 inhibits growth of SSTR2-positive tumors via multiple signaling pathways

AIM: To study the anti-proliferation effect of overexpressed SSTR2 in experimental cancer with different profiles of endogenous SSTRs expressions and the possible signaling pathways involved. METHODS: In the first experiment, the growth of the tumor xenografts of the inoculated capan-2 cells and A549 cells overexpressing SSTR2 or LacZ was investigated in nude mice. In the second experiment, the adenoviral vector expressing SSTR2 were introduced into experimental capan-2 xenografts by intratumoral injection. The growth inhibition of these experiment tumors was observed and the potential influences on different signaling pathways were analyzed by immunoassays. RESULTS: Overexpression of SSTR2 inhibited the growth of tumors with different profiles of endogenous SSTRs, including experimental capan-2 xenografts that had endogenous SSTR2 expression. Overexpression significantly affected a number of components in apoptotic pathway, MAPK pathway and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION: SSTR2 is a promising candidate for gene therapy in a wide spectrum of cancers.     

Role of A3 adenosine receptor on vascular reactivity of superior mesenteric artery in hemorrhagic shock in rat

AIM: To explore whether A3 adenosine receptor plays a role in the modulation of vascular reactivity after hemorrhagic shock in rat, and to find out the prospective drug target to restore the decreased vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: The hemorrhagic shock (40 mmHg) model was established in rat, and the reactivity of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) to norepinephrine (NE) was observed. A3AR expression at protein level and mRNA level were measured by Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively. RESULTS: The vascular reactivity of SMA to NE after hemorrhagic shock (40 mmHg) was decreased significantly in a biphasic response manner. The expression of A3AR mRNA in SMA after hemorrhagic shock decreased without significant difference. The expression of A3AR protein has a slight increase without statistical difference after 30 min of hemorrhagic shock and then has a significant decrease (especially at 2 h and 4 h after hemorrhagic shock). The usage of IB-MECA, a selective A3AR agonist, significantly increased the responsiveness of SMA to NE in hemorrhagic shock in rat. MRS1523, the selective A3AR antagonist, significantly abolished the restoration of the vascular reactivity to NE by IB-MECA in hemorrhagic shock in rat. CONCLUSION: A3AR plays a role in the modulation of vascular responsiveness to NE in hemorrhagic shock in rat, and the selective agonist of A3AR could restore the reactivity of SMA to NE in hemorrhagic shock in rat.     

Role of GPR40 mediates the effects of FFAs on lipoapoptosis in mouse β-cell line NIT-1

AIM: To evaluate the role of G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) mediates the effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) on lipoapoptosis in mouse β-cell line NIT-1 and the mechanisms involved in this process.METHODS: NIT-1 cells were supplemented with palmitate (500 μmol/L) or oleate (500 μmol/L) for 48 h, then apoptosis of the cells was determined by the methods of Hoechst 33342, TUNEL and flow cytometry (Annexin V/PI). The small interfering RNA technique was used to inhibit the expression of GPR40 in NIT-1 cell. The mock, control siRNA and GPR40 siRNA transfected cells were either supplemented with palmitate (500 μmol/L) or co-incubated with palmitate and oleate (500 μmol/L for each) for 48 h. The percentages of apoptotic cells were quantified. The expression of p-c-Jun, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: Palmitate induced β cell lipoapoptosis, whereas oleate inhibited NIT-1 cells from palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis. No significant difference of the percentages of apoptotic cells was indicated among the mock, control siRNA and GPR40 siRNA transfected cells treated with palmitate (P>0.05). However, after co-incubated with palmitate and oleate (500 μmol/L for each) for 48 h, the percentage of apoptotic cells in GPR40 siRNA transfected cells was greater than that in mock (P<0.05), while the expression of p-c-Jun was decreased. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were not affected.CONCLUSION: Palmitate induced β cell lipoapoptosis might not be mediated through GPR40, whereas oleate inhibits NIT-1 cells from palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis, which is mediated at least in part through GPR40, the change of c-Jun expression may play an role in this process, suggesting that GPR40 might be implicated in the control of β cell mass plasticity and GPR40 probably provides a link between obesity and type 2 diabetes.     

Effects of cytokines on renovation of acute renal failure in mouse with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

AIM: To observe the effects of cytokines on renovation of acute renal failure (ARF) in mouse with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation. METHODS: ARF animal model was induced in mouse by subcutaneous injection of cisplatin. Mice were randomly assigned into 3 groups: normal control group, ARF group and MSC group. After 24 h cisplatin injection, animals were injected intravenously with MSC in MSC group. Animals were sacrificed at 1 d, 4 d, 7 d, 14 d and 28 d after cisplatin injection. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) were measured. The renal morphologic changes were scored with Paller’s criterion on hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained sections. The mRNA and protein expressions of HGF, BMP-7, TNF-α and IL-10 were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS: After 4 d of cisplatin injection, the BUN and Scr values in MSC group were significantly lower than those in ARF group (P<0.01). After 7 d and 14 d, the values of BUN and Scr in MSC group were still lower than those in ARF group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The renal morphologic scores of MSC group were also lower than those of ARF group. After 7 d, the expressions of HGF, BMP-7 and IL-10 were higher in MSC group than those in ARF group, the expression of TNF-α in MSC group was lower than that in ARF group. CONCLUSION: MSC promotes the recovery of acute renal failure induced by cisplatin. The mechanism may partly depend on paracrine of growth factor and amelioration of inflammatory.     

Mechanism of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats

AIM: To observe the mechanisms of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. METHODS: The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock was adopted to assay the vascular reactivity via observing the contraction initiated by norepinephrine (NE) with isolated organ perfusion system. Meanwhile, the effects of Rho kinase, myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) on RhoA regulating vascular reactivity were observed. The effects of RhoA agonist U-46619 and inhibitor C3 enzyme on the activities of Rho kianse, MLCP, MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC20 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with hypoxia were also measured. RESULTS: As compared to control group, the cumulative dose-response curves of SMA to NE at 2 h after shock shifted to the right, the maximal contractions (Emax) of NE was significantly decreased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the vascular reactivity in the late period of shock. C3 enzyme abolished U-46619 induced the increase in the contractile response of SMA to NE. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 decreased U-46619-induced the increase in the vascular reactivity, MLCP inhibitor calyculin further promoted the increase in the vascular reactivity. However, MLCK inhibitor had no effect on the U-46619-induced change of vascular reactivity. After hypoxia, the activities of Rho kinase and MLCK, and the level of MLC20 phosphorylation were decreased, MLCP activity was increased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the activity of Rho kinase and phosphorylation of MLC20, decreased the activity of MLCP, but had no effects on MLCK activity. CONCLUSION: RhoA plays an important role in the regulation of vascular reactivity following shock. The mechanism is closely related to regulating the activities of Rho kinase and MLCP, and increasing the phosphorylation of MLC20 in VSMC.     

光环境调控及LED在蔬菜设施栽培中的应用和前景

综述了近年来光环境调控及发光二极管（LED）在蔬菜设施栽培中的研究与应用,主要内容包括：我国蔬菜设施栽培中光环境现状及问题,光环境调控在蔬菜设施栽培中的应用研究进展,LED在蔬菜设施栽培中的应用前景分析。     

西瓜主要农艺性状与裂果性状的相关及通径分析

对西瓜的14个农艺性状进行相关与通径分析。相关分析结果表明,裂果率与果皮厚度、外果皮木质化程度呈显著或极显著相关。经过逐步回归,10个性状与裂果有直接和间接效应,决定系数为1.000,剩余通径系数为0.001 8。外果皮木质化程度对裂果的直接作用最大,直接通径系数达到0.796,可将其作为筛选抗裂品种的重要参考性状。     

植物源杀菌剂大黄素甲醚防治黄瓜白粉病研究

采用温室盆栽的方法,从生产厂家提供的7种不同浓度与配比的大黄素甲醚制剂中筛选出防治黄瓜白粉病效果最佳的配比组合剂型0.5 %大黄素甲醚水剂,其稀释倍数小于等于1 000倍时,防治效果在90 %左右,显著高于其他配比组合及对照药剂三唑酮与大黄素AM。对该药剂的作用方式、保护作用持效期、稳定性、防治技术及田间效果进行了研究与验证。结果表明：0.5 %大黄素甲醚水剂兼具保护与治疗作用,以保护作用更为突出,接种后14 d保护效果仍高达94 %;其保护作用的持效期为3~4 d,在黄瓜生长期间的温度与光照条件下能保持很强的稳定性与防治活性,田间验证也取得了稳定且显著的防治效果。     

秋播小型大白菜新品种京秋娃娃菜的选育

京秋娃娃菜是由两个自交不亲和系配制而成的秋播小型大白菜一代杂种。成熟期55 d（天）,株型半直立,株高32 cm,开展度36 cm,叶色绿,外叶数8片,球叶数38片;叶球合抱,筒形,球色绿,内叶浅黄色,叶球高24 cm,直径10 cm,球形指数2.4,叶球质量0.6 kg左右,净菜率62.4 %。每667 m2净菜产量约5 000 kg。高抗病毒病,抗霜霉病和黑腐病。适合北京、河北、山东、辽宁、黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古等地秋季栽培,目前累计推广面积400 hm²。     

长日洋葱新品种金球的选育

金球是以雄性不育系B2354A为母本,自交系3104为父本育成的洋葱一代杂种。该品种属长日照、中晚熟 类型,生育期120 d（天）左右;平均单球质量203 g,每667 m²产量4 500 kg左右,比对照卡木依增产12.9 %, 鳞茎黄色、圆球形,肉质鳞片白色,质脆细嫩;抗病性强,较耐贮藏,适合黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、新疆及河北 等地区春播栽培,累计推广面积1 100 hm²。