新疆13个绵羊品种及1个杂交群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

利用7个微卫星标记对新疆13个绵羊品种和1个杂交群体的遗传多样性进行了检测。统计了各品种的等位基因组成、平均有效等位基因数(E),利用等位基因频率计算出各品种的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和品种间的遗传距离。结果表明,7个微卫星位点均为高度多态,可作为有效的遗传标记用于绵羊品种之间遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析。各品种的分子系统发生关系与其来源、育成史及地理分布基本一致。     

Evaluation of detailed training data to identify risk factors for retirement because of tendon injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for premature retirement because of tendon injury in a Thoroughbred racehorse population. ANIMALS: 175 Thoroughbred racehorses (cases) at the Hong Kong Jockey Club that were retired from racing because of tendon injury between 1997 and 2004 and for which the last preretirement exercise was at a fast pace were each matched with 3 control horses that were randomly selected from all uninjured horses that had galloped on the same date as that last exercise episode. PROCEDURES: Training data for all horses were examined. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for retirement from racing attributable to tendon injury. Two multivariable conditional logistic regression models were created; each contained 8 explanatory variables. RESULTS: Compared with control horses, case horses were older at the time of import, accumulated more race distance soon after import, were more likely to have had previous official veterinary or ultrasonographic examinations, raced fewer times during their career, and were in training for a longer period and had exercised at a reduced intensity during the 180-day period preceding the last fast-paced work date. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In addition to identification of risk factors for tendon injury among racing Thoroughbreds, results have suggested that resources focused on obtaining accurate training data may be misdirected in the absence of internationally agreed criteria for incident tendon injury among racehorses. Nevertheless, changes in training intensity and findings of previous clinical examinations could be used to identify horses at risk of tendon injury-associated retirement.     

Regional seroprevalence of bluetongue virus in cattle in Illinois and western Indiana

OBJECTIVE: To estimate seroprevalence of bluetongue virus (BTV) and the geographic distribution of seropositive cattle herds in Illinois and western Indiana. SAMPLE POPULATION: 10,585 serum samples obtained from cattle in 60 herds during 3 transmission seasons (2000 through 2002). PROCEDURES: In a longitudinal study, serum samples were tested for BTV antibodies by use of a competitive ELISA. Four geographic zones were created by use of mean minimum January temperature. A multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model with a random effect for herd was used to estimate seropositive risk for zone, age of cattle, herd type, and transmission season. RESULTS: Overall, BTV antibodies were detected in 156 (1.5%) samples. Estimated seroprevalence in 2000, 2001, and 2002 was 1.49%, 0.97%, and 2.18%, respectively. Risk of being seropositive for BTV was associated with geographic zone and age. Seroprevalence increased progressively from northern to southern zones, with no evidence of BTV infection in the northernmost zone. In the southernmost zone, annual seroprevalence ranged from 8.65% to 11.00%. Adult cattle were 2.35 times as likely as juvenile cattle to be seropositive. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Overall seroprevalence was lower than has been reported for Illinois cattle. Bluetongue virus antibodies were distributed heterogeneously in this region. Only in the southernmost zone was seroprevalence consistently > 2%. Regionalization of BTV risk based on state borders does not account for such variability. Serologic data could be combined with landscape, climate, and vector data to develop predictive models of BTV risk within transitional regions of the United States.     

东北马鹿肌肉生长抑制素基因序列的克隆、编码氨基酸序列及结构特征分析

以与东北马鹿物种最近的牛(Bos taurus cattle,序列号为AB076403)的肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因序列为模版,根据该基因保守序列进行引物设计,扩增产物连接入pMD18-T载体,克隆出3个外显子片段.根据5′-GU-AG-3′规则和同源基因比对拼接出带有部分5′、3′末端的cDNA,并采用生物信息学技术对编码氨基酸序列进行蛋白质同源性比较和二级、三级结构等分析.结果表明:所获序列全长为1 128 bp,编码375个氨基酸;具有较明显的螺旋、片层和无规卷曲等二级结构;有1个较明显的跨膜区和1个疏水区,并发现明显的信号肽和糖基化位点.三级结构同源建模预测结果显示与Human Activin A的相似性为42%.结果说明东北马鹿和其他哺乳类生物的肌肉生长抑制素基因之间关系密切,并同属于TGF-β家族.     

过瘤胃保护脂肪对肉牛增重和营养物质表观消化率的影响

为研究过瘤胃脂肪对肥育肉牛增重和营养物质消化的影响,将87头西杂肉牛分成2组,试验组在对照组的日粮基础上补饲300g过瘤胃脂肪,结果表明:日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪可显著提高肉牛日增重和饲料转化效率(P<0.05),试验组和对照组的日增重分别为1255g和1113g。过瘤胃脂肪添加对全消化道干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)消化率影响不显著(P>0.05),试验组全消化道粗脂肪的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但试验组日粮粗蛋白质消化率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。     

The use of the log-linear model to evaluate the effects of three herd factors on Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis occurrence in California, 1977

Epidemiologic relationships among Streptococcus agalactiae infected dairy herds and herd size, location and California Dairy Herd Improvement Association (CDHIA) participation were examined using log-linear methodology. Dairies located in five out of the six California Bureau of Animal Health veterinary districts were studied. Data sources included the Dairy Cattle Data Base, which uniquely identifies each of the 2875 dairies in California, the 1977 statewide CDHIA year-end summary report and microbiological results from a 1977 statewide survey of bulk tank milk samples. These data were merged, fitted and the best model selected using likelihood-ratio statistics. The model included all four “main effects”, the six possible “1st-order effetss” and the “2nd-order effect” due to the interaction of herd size, location and CDHIA participation. Subsequently, a logit model was used to estimate the effect of the independent herd factor variables (size, location and CDHIA participation) on the log odds of the dependent S. agalactiae variable. This model required conditioning on the three-way relationship among the independent variables.medium-sized, non-CDHIA herds in district 2 (northcentral California) showed the highest expected odds (3.37) for S. agalactiae in bulk tank milk, while small, CDHIA herds in district 3 (northcentral coastal California) produced the lowest odds (0.39).     

Feline thyroid carcinoma: diagnosis and response to high-dose radioactive iodine treatment

This study reports the scintigraphy, histopathology, sole treatment with high-dose radioactive iodine and outcome of eight cases of feline thyroid carcinoma. Scintigraphic findings were variable and in 7/8 cases scintigraphic features could not reliably distinguish whether the thyroid tissue was malignant. Histopathology revealed typical criteria of malignancy in all cases, with mitotic activity described most frequently (7/8 cases), followed by infiltration of local tissues (4/8 cases). Cellular pleomorphism was infrequently observed. Single high-dose (1100MBq I(131)) radioiodine therapy was successful in 6/8 cases, with complete resolution of hyperthyroidism, and was associated with prolonged survival times (181-2381 days). Sole treatment with high-dose radioiodine is a safe and effective treatment for functional thyroid carcinoma. The prognosis for feline thyroid carcinoma successfully treated with radioiodine is good, with extended survival times commonly achieved.     

伊维菌素微乳无菌检查方法学的研究

本试验旨在对伊维菌素微乳制剂进行无菌检查方法学验证和无菌检查试验,确认本试验所用的方法适用于该制剂的无菌检查。按《中国兽药典》2005版一部(附录118)所载"无菌检查法"项下进行试验,通过对阳性对照菌、不同量冲洗液等条件的选择,采用薄膜过滤法对10瓶供试品(每种试验菌的样品量)进行检测,建立了无菌检查方法。经方法验证,用400mL 0.1%蛋白胨水溶液冲洗后,含供试品容器中的7个阳性菌试验组与阳性菌对照组相比均生长良好,说明供试品的该检验量在该检验条件下无抑菌作用或其抑菌作用可以忽略不计,可以用该方法进行供试品的无菌检查。对3批供试品进行无菌检查,阳性对照菌均在24h内生长良好,阴性对照均澄清,无菌生长,3批供试品均澄清,无菌生长,无菌检查试验结果符合规定。     

光周期变化对山羊褪黑素分泌及免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

光周期可以影响动物体内褪黑素(MLT)的分泌,而MLT能参与机体多种生理功能的调节。本试验旨在研究光周期对山羊MLT分泌、免疫和抗氧化功能及相关基因表达的影响。将18只6月龄雌性绒山羊随机分为3组:对照(CG,自然光周期)组、短光照(SDPP,光照8 h/d,黑暗16 h/d)组和渐减光照(SIPP,光照时间从16 h/d逐渐缩短到8 h/d)组。试验期为60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)在试验第30天,SDPP显著增加了血清MLT含量(P<0.05),在试验第60天,SIPP显著增加了血清MLT含量(P<0.05);2)在试验第30天,SDPP组血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T⁃SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),而SIPP组上述指标均无显著变化(P>0.05);在试验第60天,SDPP组和SIPP组血清T⁃SOD、GPx和CAT活性均显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05);3)在试验第30天,SDPP显著提高了血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白细胞介素-1β(IL⁃1β)和白细胞介素-2(IL⁃2)含量(P<0.05);在试验第60天,SDPP和SIPP均显著提高了血清IgG含量(P<0.05),此外,SDPP显著提高了血清IL⁃1β、IL⁃2和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF⁃α)含量(P<0.05),而SIPP仅显著提高了血清IL⁃1β含量(P<0.05);4)在基因表达方面,在试验第30天,SDPP显著上调了白细胞中SOD1、GPx1、GPx4、CAT、核转录因子2(Nrf2)、IL⁃1β、和IL⁃2基因相对表达量(P<0.05);在试验第60天,SDPP组白细胞中SOD1、CAT、GPx4、IL⁃1β和IL⁃2基因相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05),SIPP组白细胞中SOD1、GPx1、CAT、IL⁃1β和IL⁃2基因相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,持续短光照能分泌更多的MLT,提高山羊的免疫和抗氧化功能。     

基于RNA-seq数据筛选鸡睾丸附睾间差异表达基因及其功能分析

本文旨在通过对种公鸡睾丸和附睾进行转录组测序和生物信息学分析,筛选出2种组织中的差异表达基因并分析其生物学功能,探究睾丸和附睾在鸡精子发生和成熟过程中的作用.本研究共以8只公鸡的睾丸和附睾组织为对象,采用RNA-seq技术分析2种组织中的基因表达情况,筛选出差异表达基因并对差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG通路富集分析.结...