森林工程专业《优化技术》课程教学改革研究

笔者以森林工程专业的《优化技术》课程为研究对象,认为该课程的特点主要是系统性和科学性、逻辑性、应用性和实践性、多学科性和交叉性。结合相关教学实际,总结出《优化技术》课程教学中存在的主要问题,即教学内容不够深入,教学方法过于单一枯燥,实践教学与传统教学脱节,考核方法不恰当。在此基础上,针对《优化技术》课程教学的改革目标,主张在课程改革方面完善教学内容,更新教学方法,激发学生的学习热情,重视实际应用,加强实践教学,以及建立多元化的考核体系。     

藏鸡和来航鸡小肠黏膜结构的比较研究

以藏鸡和来航鸡为研究对象,探究高原和平原环境中小肠黏膜结构的形态特征差异。采用计量组织学和图像分析法,对3只藏鸡和3只来航鸡不同肠段黏膜结构的形态特征进行比较。结果表明,来航鸡小肠绒毛的高度都高于藏鸡,空肠和回肠间差异极显著(P<0.01),十二指肠间差异不明显;来航鸡小肠绒毛的宽度都极显著大于藏鸡(P<0.01);来航鸡十二指肠的肠绒毛隐窝深度极显著大于藏鸡(P<0.01),空肠和回肠间的差异不明显;来航鸡小肠绒毛肌层厚度都极显著大于藏鸡(P<0.01);来航鸡的消化吸收功能强于藏鸡。     

Improved MMPs in p110δ-mutant mice contributes to rupture of thoracic aorta

AIM: To observe the pathological characteristics of the thoracic aorta in the p110δ-mutant mice.METHODS: The thoracic aorta of wild type male mice and p110δ-deficient male mice (8 weeks old) were achieved. HE, IHC and IF staining were performed on the paraffin fixed arterial sections. The mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR.RESULTS: The vascular wall became thinner and the vessel diameter enlarged after inactivating mutation of p110δ. After inactivating mutation of p110δ, the smooth muscle cells showed vacuolar degeneration, morphological disorders and elastic fiber local fracture. The collagen content was reduced after inactivating mutation of p110δ. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and MMP-9 was up-regulated after inactivating mutation of p110δ.CONCLUSION: Inactivating mutation of p110δ may contribute to the injury of artery vascular wall by up-regulation of MMPs.     

基于响应曲面法的畜禽栏舍氨气和硫化氢吸收效果模拟研究

基于响应曲面法，自主构建一种栏舍气体吸收装置来模拟封闭式规模化养殖场栏舍氨气和硫化氢气体的排放特征。以磷酸吸收液pH值、碳酸钠改性活性炭浸渍液浓度为设计因子进行正交试验设计，建立相关数学模型，得到响应曲面模型，获得最优工艺参数。结果表明:氨气和硫化氢气体的吸收率受活性炭浸渍液浓度的影响大于磷酸pH值变化的影响；氨气吸收率和硫化氢吸收率的数学模型及响应曲面具有合理性（相关系数为0.991 0和0.987 1）；最优工艺参数为磷酸吸收液pH值5.25、碳酸钠改性活性炭浸渍液浓度6.3%，此条件下氨气吸收率达98.978%（相对误差0.005%），硫化氢吸收率达90.837%（相对误差0.006%）。      

基于TRIZ理论的圆草捆打捆机创新设计

针对圆草捆打捆机卷捆完成后，需要停车来继续捆网和吐捆动作，造成时间间断，增加燃油消耗，影响作业速度，工作效率低等问题，利用TRIZ理论中系统功能分析和因果分析法对问题进行分析，找到问题产生的原因，并运用物-场模型和物理矛盾对机具进行创新设计，提出了提高圆草捆打捆机工作效率即不停车缠网的设计方案。      

基于CONE法的热处理杨木燃烧特性研究

利用锥形量热仪CONE对不同热处理工艺下的杨木燃烧行为进行研究。结果表明:热处理后杨木中亲水的羟基、羰基数量明显减少,大量半纤维素降解。木材试样从外部热源引燃到燃烧结束,出现两个主要放热峰。热处理后杨木引燃和燃烧过程的发烟量较大,且热处理杨木引燃时间更短。热处理材的热释放峰值pk-HRR、平均热释放速率av-HRR和总热释放量THR均低于未处理材,表明其燃烧强度低于未处理材。热处理杨木燃烧过程的总烟释放量TSP较未处理材有所增加,同时其引燃时间也有所缩短。因此,对用于家具和室内装饰的热处理木材,建议进行恰当的阻燃处理。     

Driving factors of soluble organic nitrogen dynamics in paddy soils: Structure equation modeling analysis

Soil soluble organic nitrogen (SON) is one of the most active components in soil nitrogen pools; however, limited information is available with regard to its driving factors, as well as their pathways and degrees of influence. In this study, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the driving factors, their significance, and pathways that affected SON dynamics in a waterlogged experiment of two typical paddy soils incubated for 80 d after green manure application. Soil pH, Eh, microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and SON dynamics were used to construct the structural equation model. Results showed that soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), protease, glutamine, and initial organic matter (OM) directly and significantly affected soil SON with path coefficients corresponding to 0.405, 0.547, 0.523, and -0.623 (P < 0.01), respectively. Soil microbial biomass carbon and initial OM affected the SON dynamics indirectly through protease and glutamine activity. In addition, pH indirectly affected SON dynamics by glutamine activity. It is implied that soil MBC, protease, glutamine, and initial OM are the key factors affecting SON dynamics in the waterlogged paddy soils after green manure application. Our research indicated that structural equation modeling could provide an effective method to clearly recognize the impact, significance, and pathways of multiple factors on SON dynamics in paddy soils.     

1例犬埃立克体病的诊治

犬埃立克体是一种重要的人兽共患传染性病原体,可引起犬科动物的犬单核细胞埃立克体病。为确诊1例临床上以发热、精神沉郁、黏膜苍白为主要特征的宠物犬病例,进行了血常规、血液生化检查、实时荧光定量PCR检测、犬埃立克体抗体检查,最终确诊该病例为犬埃立克体感染,使用盐酸多西环素治疗后患犬恢复良好。     

新疆阿克苏地区羊驼毛品质分析

试验旨在研究阿克苏地区引进羊驼的毛绒品质现状。采用相关方法标准对新疆阿克苏地区塔格拉克牧场引进的158只羊驼进行平均纤维直径、毛丛自然长度、净毛率、单纤维强力、原毛油脂含量及卷曲指标的测定，统计分析性别、年龄、被毛颜色对测定指标的影响。结果表明，阿克苏地区引进羊驼毛平均纤维直径23.36 μm，毛丛自然长度106.14 mm，净毛率80.90%，断裂强力8.04 cN，断裂伸长百分比40.11%，原毛油脂含量2.08%，卷曲6.70个/2.5 cm。不同性别的羊驼毛丛自然长度、净毛率、原毛油脂含量差异显著（P<0.05）；不同年龄的羊驼纤维直径、毛丛自然长度、断裂强力及原毛油脂含量差异显著（P<0.05）；不同被毛颜色的羊驼毛丛自然长度、纤维直径、原毛油脂含量及卷曲差异显著（P<0.05）。综上可知，阿克苏地区引进的羊驼在纤维直径、毛丛自然长度方面较优良，且性别、年龄、被毛颜色对羊驼毛纤维遗传性状存在显著影响。     

Administration of magnolol postpones development of hypertension in juvenile spontaneous hypertensive rats

AIM:To investigate the effects of magnolol (MAG) on blood pressure and aortic vasodilatation to insulin in juvenile spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS:Four-week-old male SHR and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats were used. SHR and WKY rats were randomized into 2 groups and treated daily by gavage with vehicle (distilled water) or MAG (100 mg·kg-1·d-1). After 3 weeks of treatment, blood pressure, aortic vasorelaxation, fasting glucose and plasma insulin levels, the expressions of PPARγ and TRB3, and insulin-stimulated Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation were measured. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in the medium containing glucose (25 mmol/L) and palmitate (500 μmol/L). RESULTS:Treatment of young SHR with MAG for 3 weeks decreased blood pressure, improved insulin-induced aortic vasodilation, and Akt and eNOS activation , increased PPARγ expression and decreased TRB3 expression. In cultured HUVECs, MAG incubation increased PPARγ exprssion, decreased TRB3 expression, and elevated insulin-induced phosphorylated Akt and eNOS levels and NO production, which were reversed by PPARγ antagonist. CONCLUSION: Treatment of young SHR with MAG at the prehypertensive stage decreases blood pressure via improving vascular insulin resistance that is at least partly attributable to up-regulation of PPARγ, down-regulation of TRB3 and consequently activation of Akt and eNOS in blood vessel .