我国生态补偿研究综述

在对我国生态补偿的概念、理论基础、发展阶段、研究内容等进行系统回顾的基础上,总结国内研究的现状,分析了现有研究中存在的问题,对新的研究趋势提出见解。     

变权组合预测模型在洪水预报中的应用

【目的】研究洪水预报的多模型组合预报模式,丰富洪水预报的方式方法。【方法】将最优非负可变加权系数的组合预测方法应用于洪水预报中,分别建立最优加权组合预测模型和最优非负可变加权系数组合预测模型,以新安江模型、萨克拉门托模型、水箱模型和陕北模型为例进行组合预报,并用东洋河1982年8月的一场洪水实测流量值对2种组合模型进行了实例验证和比较。【结果】最优非负可变加权系数组合预测模型的3种误差指标均方误差(MSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)和平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)分别为18.394 0,51.317 2和0.131 4,明显小于最优加权组合预测模型的28.110 7,108.816 7和0.268 9,且前者的确定性系数(DC)为0.961 3,明显大于后者的0.909 5,表明应用最优非负可变加权系数组合预测模型的预测结果优于定权重的最优加权组合预测模型的预测结果。【结论】考虑变权重的最优组合预测能进一步提高洪水预测的精度。     

Impact of Plant Density on the Formation of Potato Mimitubers Derived from Microtubers and Tip-Cuttings in Plastic Houses

The potato minitubers have been widely used for the elite seed propagation to improve the seed potato system in China. However, little information is available for an efficient production of the minitubers with high plant density in the protected growing conditions like plastic houses. In present research, the minitubers of a wide-grown potato variety, Favorita, were produced with the microtubers from tissue culture and the tip-cuttings of the microtuber plants. Three plant densities, 200, 400 and 600 microtubers or plants m-2 were set up with the randomized block design of 3 replications and the experiment was repeated in 4 seasons in 2009-2010. The canopy development, light interception, dry weight production and partitioning, tuberization and tuber weight were investigated to elucidate the mechanism by which the plant density affects the formation and growth of the minitubers. The results showed that the number of the tubers formed per unite area was in line with the increase in plant density. The difference in leaf area index (LAI) between the plant densities, especially in early stage of the plant growth, resulted in more radiation interception and dry weight producing in higher plant density than in lower one. However, our analysis demonstrated that the conversion coefficient of the cumulative intercepted radiation to plant weight and the dry weight partition rate to the tubers were constant between plant densities, suggesting that less amount of the photoassimilates partitioned to individual tubers is causal for more small tubers in high plant density. A negative exponential curve model, determined by total number of tubers produced per unit area and the mean tuber weight, fitted well to the tuber size distribution pattern. The optimum plant density could be estimated from this model for a maximum production of the minitubers with desired size.     

北方晚熟大豆在宁夏引黄灌区的生态适应性及产量性状分析

在宁夏引黄灌区的生态及生产条件下,研究了北方11个大豆品种在大田种植条件下的生育表现及产量性状,结果表明:参试的11个品种均能正常成熟,生育期在122～142 d,每667 m2折合产量在131.86～415.39 kg之间;品种晋遗52每667 m2折合产量最高、为415.39 kg,冀豆20每667 m2折合产量最低、为131.86 kg,而对照铁丰31每667 m2折合产量为332.44kg.较对照增产的品种有晋遗52、沈农00-5011、晋遗51,其他品种较对照均减产.辽09品-31的百粒重表现为30.2 g、冀豆17单株粒数达到309个,均可以作为优势性状在大豆遗传育种研究中加以利用.     

大豆丹豆6号青子叶遗传规律的初步分析

为了解大豆丹豆6号青子叶性状的遗传特点,选用(科丰14×丹豆6号)和(遗1358×丹豆6号)2个杂交组合3个世代(F2、F3和F4代)的种子分离群体,进行大豆子叶颜色遗传规律研究。结果表明:2个杂交组合后代中,黄子叶与靑子叶种子的分离比率均表现为3∶1的孟德尔分离比例。推断大豆的子叶颜色由1对等位基因控制,黄子叶对靑子叶为显性,丹豆6号携带1对控制青子叶性状的隐性基因。     

掌叶半夏凝集素基因表达载体的构建与鉴定

从掌叶半夏(Pinellia pedatisecta Schott)块茎中提取总RNA,反转录合成cDNA.根据GenBank中已报道的天南星科凝集素基因序列,设计带有酶切位点的表达引物,用RT-PCR方法扩增出掌叶半夏凝集素(Pinellia pedatisecta agglutinin,PPA)基因.PPA经双酶切后与表达载体pGEX-6P-3连接,构建pGEX-PPA重组表达载体.通过PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定,结果表明,重组载体pGEX-PPA构建成功,为进一步进行PPA的原核表达及其功能研究奠定了基础.     

鸡IL-18真核表达质粒与新城疫病毒F基因疫苗联合免疫探讨

为探讨鸡IL-18基因真核表达质粒pcDNA-chIL-18在新城疫病毒(NDV)F基因疫苗免疫中的作用,克隆了新城疫病毒标准株F48E9的F基因,构建F基因重组真核表达质粒pcDNA-F;将11日龄试验鸡分为4组,每组10只,14日龄一免,28日龄二免,分别肌注pcDNA-F、pcDNA-F+pcDNA-ckIL-18、新城疫传统疫苗(14日龄NDV弱毒疫苗首免,28日龄NDV油苗二免)、生理盐水,一免疫后第7、14、21、28 d均采血进行ND抗体(ELISA)检测和T淋巴细胞转化(MTT)试验;第29 d均肌注50LD50NDV强毒F48E9株.结果显示:免疫保护效率,生理盐水组0/10,pcDNA-F免疫组3/10,pcDNA-F+pcDNA-chIL-18免疫组5/10,新城疫传统疫苗免疫组10/10;ND抗体水平,pcDNA-F免疫组与pcDNA.F+pcDNA-chIL-18免疫组无差异(P>0.05),均显著低于传统疫苗免疫组(P<0.05);T细胞转化水平,pcDNA.F+pcDNA-cML-18免疫组明显高于pcDNA-F免疫组(P<0.05),pcDNA-F免疫组与传统疫苗免疫组无差异(P>0.05).试验结果综合显示pcDNA-F免疫试验鸡可产生一定程度的免疫保护;pcDNA-chIL-18对pcD-NA-F具有一定的免疫增强作用.     

公猪精液PRRSV变异株检测及NSP2、ORF5基因序列分析

用荧光RT-PCR方法从某猪场精液中检测到猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)变异株(NSP2 1 594～1 680 bp缺失)核酸阳性.提取1份阳性样品病毒核酸测定和分析其NSP2和OBF5全基因序列,结果表明NSP2基因由950个氨基酸组成,与CH-1a、VR-2332等经典PRRSV相比481位缺失1个氨基酸、532～560位连续缺失29个氨基酸,与JXA1、HUN4等毒株具有相同的缺失特性;ORF5基因第13、151位为具有强毒特性的精氨酸(R),存在4个潜在的糖基化位点,分别位于30～32、35～37、44～46和51～53位氨基酸.遗传进化分析表明,测定序列与JX-A1、HUN4等毒株关系最近,与CH-1a、NVSL等同属一个大分支,而与BJ-4、P129、RespPRRS MLV、VR-2332等处于不同分支.研究证实公猪精液可携带PRRSV变异株,因此猪场(群)在人工授精和引进精液时必须强化检疫和生物安全措施.     

基于能量守恒的柔性脱粒动力学分析

为降低刚性脱粒滚筒的刚性冲击所带来的水稻籽粒破损,基于能量守恒定律,分析并设计了一种作用柔和、冲击力相对刚性滚筒小的柔性脱粒滚筒.结果表明,脱粒过程中将脱粒齿质量看作集中于齿端时,其脱粒相当质量为脱粒齿总质量的33/140,柔性脱粒能降低打击力.对脱粒齿打击过程进行有限元分析,并对解析值与数值解进行了比较,两者拟合性好,说明所设计的柔性滚筒符合降低打击力、减少谷粒破损的要求.