不同需冷量砂梨品种芽内休眠进程中的生理变化

测定了三个砂梨品种四个芽组织的需冷量及内休眠期间可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、H2O2、POD、IAA、GA3和ABA等生理指标变化趋势。需冷量从高到低依次为‘翠冠’叶芽、‘圆黄’花芽、‘翠冠’花芽、‘翠玉’花芽。可溶性蛋白、POD、GA3和IAA随休眠加深而下降,随休眠解除而上升。进入内休眠后,脯氨酸总体呈上升趋势;H2O2和ABA随休眠的加深而上升,随休眠的解除而下降。其中,H2O2含量与四种芽样本的萌芽率均呈显著负相关。     

林木耐旱机制研究进展

水分胁迫是制约林木生长发育的重要环境因子,在深入研究林木耐旱机制的基础上培育抗旱林木是摆在当代林学家面前艰巨的任务。本文从林木对干旱胁迫信号传导,林木在干旱胁迫下生理生化反应以及启动的防卫机制几个方面进行了评述和探讨。     

The Microstructure,Antibacterial and Antitumor Activities of Chitosan Oligosaccharides and Derivatives

Chitosan obtained from abundant marine resources has been proven to have a variety of biological activities. However, due to its poor water solubility, chitosan application is limited, and the degradation products of chitosan oligosaccharides are better than chitosan regarding performance. Chitosan oligosaccharides have two kinds of active groups, amino and hydroxyl groups, which can form a variety of derivatives, and the properties of these derivatives can be further improved. In this review, the key structures of chitosan oligosaccharides and recent studies on chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives, including their synthesis methods, are described. Finally, the antimicrobial and antitumor applications of chitosan oligosaccharides and their derivatives are discussed.     

基于平衡策略的支持向量机在电力系统中期负荷预测的应用

针对电力负荷中期预测比较困难并且存在较大误差的问题,提出了基于径向基核函数与基于平衡策略的Sequential minimal optimization(SMO)改进算法相结合的负荷中期预测方法,结合EUNITE网络提供的实际数据,研究了日最大负荷的前后期关系、日最大负荷与节假日的关系和当日与对应星期数的相关性,建立了相应的电力负荷中期预测模型。并对预测结果进行了分析。算例表明,该算法具有运算速度快、精度较高的优点。     

分泌抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

采用单克隆抗体制备技术,建立了分泌抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,液氮保存4年后复苏,细胞在HAT选择培养基中生长旺盛,分泌抗体稳定,分别命名为YNF1,YNF2,YNF3,YNF4,杂交瘤细胞染色体数介于96~115条。细胞培养上清和腹水的单抗间接ELISA效价分别为1∶80~1∶160和1∶5 000~1∶10 000。在间接ELISA和夹心ELISA检测中单抗与猪瘟病毒呈特异性反应,与正常的猪、兔肾组织提取液及其血清Ig无交叉。抗体蛋白属IgG类,亚类及轻链分别为IgG1/λ,IgG2a/κ,IgG2a/λ,IgG1/λ。结果表明,4株杂交瘤是分泌抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体的细胞株,可长期传代无限分泌单抗,是进一步研究猪瘟病毒和开发敏感、特异、快速诊断猪瘟试剂盒和试纸探针的免疫学特异性试剂来源。     

餐厨垃圾堆肥对城郊菜田产量及氮利用的影响

为探讨餐厨垃圾堆肥对南方城郊菜田土壤氮素供应水平、叶菜类蔬菜产量及土壤残留和氮肥利用率的影响。以不施氮肥为对照(CK),在等氮量条件下,设置了传统化肥(NPK)、传统化肥+鸡粪(NPK+M)、餐厨好氧堆肥+化肥(NPK+FWA)、餐厨厌氧沼渣+化肥(NPK+FWD)4个处理,测定叶菜类蔬菜整个生育周期的土壤无机氮动态、产量、收获后剖面土壤氮素残留及表观氮素损失的变化。多茬试验结果表明:底肥施用后一周左右,NPK处理整体土壤无机氮供应水平高于NPK+M、NPK+FWA和NPK+FWD处理;追施氮肥后NPK+FWA处理土壤无机氮供应水平处于NPK和NPK+M两个处理之间,而NPK+FWD处理土壤无机氮略低于NPK和NPK+M处理;从总产量来看,NPK、NPK+M、NPK+FWA和NPK+FWD处理间无显著差异;而随着试验进行,与NPK+FWA和NPK+FWD处理相比,NPK和NPK+M处理产量明显增产20.1%～36.7%和17.8%～26.4%。从剖面土壤无机氮含量来看,餐厨垃圾堆肥部分替代化肥处理相比传统单施化肥和化肥配施鸡粪处理能够明显降低收获后表层土壤无机氮残留;从前四茬蔬菜总表观氮素损失来看,较高的氮肥投入带来了895.8～1041.2 kg/hm²的表观氮素损失量,各处理间无显著性差异;较高的氮肥投入及表观氮素损失导致小白菜季和空心菜季各处理当季氮肥利用效率分别仅有9.9%～16.7%和27.6%～37.6%。综上分析,在等氮量条件下,相比传统单施化肥和传统化肥配施鸡粪,餐厨垃圾堆肥氮替代30%化肥氮具有更好地协调土壤氮素供应和蔬菜作物吸收的作用,随着试验进行,餐厨垃圾堆肥部分替代化肥处理表现出增产趋势。但南方多雨地区餐厨垃圾堆肥还田具有较大的氮素损失风险,当季氮肥利用率偏低,今后需加强餐厨垃圾堆肥还田对土壤氮素综合损失的影响机制研究,并探索针对性的减排措施,为餐厨垃圾堆肥安全高效利用提供科学指导。     

Identification of QTLs Associated with Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv.Glycinea in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr)

Soybean bacterial spot disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.Glycinea which is a bacterial disease seriously affects soybean yield.Ten soybean germplasms and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population were used to identify the resistant trait after inoculated with P.sg (P.sgneau001) in this study.High-density genetic mapping was obtained by specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) of 149 RILs population which was derived from the crossing between Charleston and Dongnong594.The results indicated that 10 germplasm resources had four resistant germplasms included highly resistant cultivar Charleston,four susceptible varieties included Dongnong594 and two moderately resistant cultivars.Five quantitative trait locus (QTLs) were detected in RILs population by the composite interval mapping (CIM) method,and located on Linkage Group (LG) D1b (chromosome two),LG C2 (chromosome six) and LG H (chromosome 12),respectively.LOD scores ranged from 2.68 to 4.95 and the phenotypic variation percentage was from 6% to 11%.Six candidate genes were detected,according to the result of gene annotation information.Four of them had relationship with protein kinase activity,protein phosphorylation and leucine rich repeat (LRR) transmembrane protein,which had high expression after inoculated with P.sg by qRT-PCR.     

花生新品种邢花4号的选育

以8252为母本、白沙1016为父本杂交选育而成的花生新品种邢花4号,具有高产、早熟、抗逆性强、适应性广和适宜烘烤等特点,适宜在北方夏花生产区麦垄套种或夏直播.     

基于主成分分析不同种养模式下的土壤肥力评价

为探究不同种养模式对稻田土壤肥力的贡献,筛选出适合推广的生态种养模式。在韶关市仁化县扶溪镇紫岭村水稻田开展了 2 年田间试验,设置水稻单作(CK)、油稻轮作(T1)、鸭稻共作(T2)和油 稻鸭模式(T3)4 个处理,分析水稻种植后不同处理土壤机械组成、容重、pH、有机质、有机碳、全氮、 碳氮比、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的差异。结果发现,与 CK 相比,T3 处理土壤容重、pH、碳氮比显著下降(降 幅分别为 24.63%、8.78%、23.98%),土壤有机质、有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾均显著提高(增幅 依次为 21.66%、21.66%、57.75%、24.64%、20.81%、26.43%);T2 处理土壤容重、pH、碳氮比显著下降(降幅依 次为 19.34%、8.78%、16.01%),土壤有机质、有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾均显著增加(增幅依次为 15.19%、 15.19%、36.31%、17.02%、18.81%);T1 处理土壤容重显著下降(降幅 11.95%),土壤 pH、有机质、有机碳、 全氮、碳氮比、碱解氮显著增加(增幅依次为 3.03%、11.29%、11.29%、7.01%、4.76%、10.49%)。主成分分析 结果显示土壤肥力综合排名:T3>T2>T1>CK。因此,T3 处理更有利于改善稻田土壤各项理化指标,土壤培肥效果 最好。     

桃潜蛾性信息素合成技术研究进展

介绍了以化学手段合成桃潜蛾性信息素的技术,从桃潜蛾性信息素合成技术发展的2个阶段(外消旋体的制备阶段、手性化合物的制备阶段)及4种合成方法(5 13,6 12,7 11,8 10方法)进行了综述,展示了其最新的合成路线,并展望了未来发展的趋势.