Ultra‐long‐acting recombinant insulin for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in dogs

BackgroundFor the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs, novel insulins with decreased injection frequency while maintaining safety and efficacy are desirable. Insulin fused with immunoglobulin‐fragment‐crystallizable (Fc) has an ultra‐long plasma half‐life because it recycles through cells, protected from proteolysis.HypothesisGlycemic control can be achieved in diabetic dogs with a recombinant fusion protein of a synthetic insulin and canine Fc (AKS‐218d) administered subcutaneously once‐weekly.AnimalsFive client‐owned dogs with naturally occurring DM.MethodsProspective clinical trial in dogs with DM that were recruited from the UC Davis Veterinary Teaching Hospital and local veterinary clinics. Dogs previously controlled using intermediate‐acting insulin q12h were transitioned to once‐weekly injections of a preliminary construct identified as AKS‐218d. The dose of AKS‐218d was titrated weekly for 8 weeks based on clinical response and continuous interstitial glucose monitoring. Clinical signs, body weight, serum fructosamine concentrations, and mean interstitial glucose concentrations (IG) over the preceding week were compared between baseline (before AKS‐218d) and during the last week of treatment. Data were compared using nonparametric paired tests.ResultsOnce‐weekly AKS‐218d, compared to baseline twice‐daily insulin therapy, resulted in no significant changes in clinical signs, median (range) body weight (+0.4 kg [−0.5‐1.1]; P = .6), fructosamine concentration (−75 mmol/L [−215 to +126]; P = .4), or mean IG (+81 mg/dL [−282 to +144]; P = .8). No adverse reactions were reported.ConclusionControl of clinical signs, body weight, and maintenance of glycemia was achieved with this once‐weekly novel insulin construct in 4 of 5 dogs.     

不同品系杜洛克后代商品猪胴体性状的比较分析

为研究不同品系杜洛克作为终端父本对其后代商品猪胴体性状的影响,选取214和108头分别由美系和加系杜洛克公猪配种、出生时间相近(±2 d)和体重相近(35±5 kg)的后代三元商品猪进行育肥饲养,结束饲养后开展屠宰试验,测定背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率和肋骨数.结果显示:加系杜洛克商品后代的背膘厚度、眼肌厚度显著(P<0...     

Mixotrophy in a Local Strain of Nannochloropsis granulata for Renewable High-Value Biomass Production on the West Coast of Sweden

A local strain of Nannochloropsis granulata (Ng) has been reported as the most productive microalgal strain in terms of both biomass yield and lipid content when cultivated in photobioreactors that simulate the light and temperature conditions during the summer on the west coast of Sweden. To further increase the biomass and the biotechnological potential of this strain in these conditions, mixotrophic growth (i.e., the simultaneous use of photosynthesis and respiration) with glycerol as an external carbon source was investigated in this study and compared with phototrophic growth that made use of air enriched with 1–2% CO₂. The addition of either glycerol or CO₂-enriched air stimulated the growth of Ng and theproduction of high-value long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA) as well as the carotenoid canthaxanthin. Bioassays in human prostate cell lines indicated the highest antitumoral activity for Ng extracts and fractions from mixotrophic conditions. Metabolomics detected betaine lipids specifically in the bioactive fractions, suggesting their involvement in the observed antitumoral effect. Genes related to autophagy were found to be upregulated by the most bioactive fraction, suggesting a possible therapeutic target against prostate cancer progression. Taken together, our results suggest that the local Ng strain can be cultivated mixotrophically in summer conditions on the west coast of Sweden for the production of high-value biomass containing antiproliferative compounds, carotenoids, and EPA.     

发展坡地农用林业治理农业面源污染

当前由于水土流失导致的农业面源污染问题越来越严重。针对水源地土壤过度营养、坡地绿化率低、森林质量不高等问题,围绕控制农业面源污染,改善农村环境质量这个中心,提出从改善农业生产条件、加强坡岸植被缓冲带建设等方面入手,注重因地制宜,大力发展坡地林业,培育森林资源,最终控制农业面源污染。可见,发展坡地林业对于减缓农业面源污染具有非常重要的意义。     

核桃害虫研究进展

云斑天牛、核桃举肢蛾和核桃长足象是核桃产区普遍发生、危害严重的3种主要害虫,笔者在具体介绍这3种害虫的分布、危害和有关生物学特性的基础上,重点论述了其防治方面的研究进展。     

几种低残留杀虫剂防治小菜蛾药效试验

小菜蛾是舍山市十字花科蔬菜生产过程中的主要虫害,对十字花科蔬菜的产量及质量造成极大的影响。为筛选高效、低毒、低残留的化学农药进行综合防治,进行了本试验。     

国内外线性遗产研究动态

通过对国内外线性遗产系列战略措施和文献的梳理,发现在国际层面,线性遗产研究以欧洲文化线路和美国遗产廊道为主,同时涉及绿道、风景道、历史路径、文化廊道等部分内容。文化线路与遗产廊道侧重点不同,前者以历史文化挖掘与保护为核心,后者则注重打造景观和游憩功能。整体上欧美国家以国家战略措施和项目应用为主,学术研究中会议论文、研究报告居多,文献数量较少,理论研究相对欠缺。国内线性遗产研究可划分为两个部分:一是对文化线路、遗产廊道、绿道、风景道等国外概念的借鉴及本土化研究;二是围绕线性文化遗产、国家文化公园等国内创新概念进行多方探索。其中文化线路、遗产廊道和线性文化遗产的国内研究主要围绕遗产价值评估、廊道构建和旅游开发三个方面展开,相关研究较为完善,但整体方法技术创新不够。国家文化公园作为线性遗产研究新兴领域,尚无明确的概念定义和完整的理论框架体系,具有较大的研究空间与潜力。     

基于“三生”空间视角的中国农业文化遗产研究文献分析与评述

本研究基于"生产、生活、生态"的空间理论视角,揭示中国农业文化遗产"三生"空间人地关系的研究现状。以"农业文化遗产"为关键词,采用Citespace5.5文献计量分析工具和归纳方法,梳理了近年来中国农业文化遗产的研究成果,结果表明:2005—2020年中国农业文化遗产的研究经历了初步探索、波动增长、平稳发展三个阶段,各个阶段上的研究热点具有明显差异。目前中国农业文化遗产在景观价值挖掘、旅游开发、乡村振兴等领域的研究成果已初具规模,但在基础性理论方面尚未形成权威的认知。农业文化遗产在"三生"空间上的研究对于解决"三农"问题具有重要的实践意义,今后应更加关注基础理论的更新、强化实证研究、贯彻"分层"保护思维、完善社区参与、加快农业文化遗产地的评价指标体系构建和动态保护,以期实现农业文化遗产的高效利用及可持续发展。     

大棚番茄晚疫病药剂防治

番茄晚疫病又叫番茄疫病,是露地番茄的主要病害.但是,随着保护地栽培面积的增加,为番茄晚疫菌提供了越冬场所,菌源量不断累积,致使保护地番茄晚疫病有逐年加重趋势,番茄晚疫病已成为保护地番茄的重要病害.     

黄瓜黄绿色叶片颜色遗传规律研究

有关黄瓜幼苗标志性状的突变体的研究,国内仅见黄瓜子叶颜色突变体的研究.至今为止,在国外已见报道的幼苗突变体共有15个,其中5个非致死颜色突变体:v,vvi,yc-1,yc-2,yp;4个致死颜色突变体:cd,gc,ls,pl;6个影响幼苗同一性的突变体:bi,be,dl,lh,rc,sc,我们在选育黄瓜新品种的过程发现了三种幼苗标志性状新突变体,其中两种标志性状突变体已用于杂交指示性状的研究利用.