重庆市部分地区H5和H7重组禽流感病毒二价灭活苗免疫效果监测

2017年7月7日,农业部决定对全国家禽开展H7亚型流感免疫。为了掌握重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)二价灭活苗的免疫效果,2017年8—9月,重庆市动物疫病预防控制中心进行了控制性试验和大面积临床监测。控制试验结果表明:首免15 d后,H7亚型禽流感抗体合格率可达70.00%,H5亚型抗体合格率仅为10.00%;首免22 d后,H7亚型禽流感抗体合格率达到93.33%,H5亚型抗体合格率达到60.00%;该疫苗未出现严重免疫副反应;H7亚型禽流感抗体产生的时间早于H5亚型。随机选取5个区县,采集414份免疫血清进行监测。结果显示:二价灭活苗免疫21 d后,H5和H7亚型禽流感抗体平均合格率分别为92.27%和76.00%;5个区县的抗体水平存在差异;蛋鸡抗体水平高于肉鸡。控制试验及临床监测结果提示,该疫苗免疫效果确实,但部分区县仍存在免疫抗体水平不高的养禽场。因此,在新旧疫苗交替使用期间,各地应高度重视高致病性H5和H7亚型禽流感防治工作,尤其是肉鸡。     

水貂铜绿假单胞菌检测方法研究进展

水貂出血性肺炎是由铜绿假单胞菌引起的威胁养貂业的重要疾病之一。为了解该病相关检测方法的最新研究进展,本文从病原学和分子生物学方面,介绍了细菌分离培养、生化试验、特异性抗原及其抗体检测、PCR技术和LAMP技术等。通过比较各种方法的优缺点和实用性,为临床兽医科技工作者快速、简便、准确、实用地诊断提供参考。     

上海市生猪屠宰产业现状

自2014年完成生猪屠宰监管职能移交后,上海市不断提升屠宰监管质量,在落实清理整顿、完成代加工户备案、提升屠宰行业水平方面成效显著。本文通过统计2010—2017年上海市生猪定点屠宰情况发现:生猪屠宰总量自监管职能移交后呈下降趋势,2017年屠宰量较2014年下降48.2%,但猪肉产品供给仍能满足市场需求;定点屠宰企业由移交前的10家调整至6家,自营、代宰、混合等经营模式并存,行业总体水平不断提升;生猪来源以外省市调入为主,江苏、江西、河南等地为重点来源地。同时,指出生猪屠宰行业与监管工作依然存在不少问题,包括跨省调运防疫风险高,企业生产经营质量良莠不齐,私屠滥宰行为仍存在,等等。由此,提出推行标准化建设、加强媒体宣传、完善联动机制建设、抓好无害化监管、坚持精品化发展等措施建议。     

Improvements of TKC Technology Accelerate Isolation of Transgene-Free CRISPR/Cas9-Edited Rice Plants

Elimination of the CRISPR/Cas9 constructs in edited plants is a prerequisite for assessing genetic stability, conducting phenotypic characterization, and applying for commercialization of the plants. However, removal of the CRISPR/Cas9 transgenes by genetic segregation and by backcross is laborious and time consuming. We previously reported the development of the transgene killer CRISPR (TKC) technology that uses a pair of suicide genes to trigger self-elimination of the transgenes without compromising gene editing efficiency. The TKC technology enables isolation of transgene-free CRISPR-edited plants within a single generation, greatly accelerating crop improvements. Here, we presented two new TKC vectors that show great efficiency in both editing the target gene and in undergoing self-elimination of the transgenes. The new vectors replaced the CaMV35S promoter used in our previous TKC vector with two rice promoters to drive one of the suicide genes, providing advantages over our previous TKC vector under certain conditions. The vectors reported here offered more options and flexibility to conduct gene editing experiments in rice.     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

京郊边际土地纤维素类能源草规模化种植与管理技术

为探索能源植物在北京及周边地区的发展潜力,在京郊挖沙废弃地、荒滩地、撂荒地、污染农田4种边际土地上开展了柳枝稷、荻、芦竹和杂交狼尾草4种纤维素类能源草的规模化种植。在此基础上,总结提出了京郊边际土地纤维素类能源草规模化种植与管理技术,为基于边际土地发展京郊生物质原料生产与生物质能源产业奠定了良好的技术基础。     

巴西橡胶树乳管细胞HbWRKY1基因克隆及表达分析

采用PCR和RACE技术,从巴西橡胶树无性系热研7-33-97的乳管细胞中克隆了WRKY转录因子家族的一个成员HbWRKY1。该基因全长为1755 bp,含有1个1440 bp阅读框,编码479个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,HbWRKY1含有2个WRKY结构域和C2H2锌指结构基序,与蓖麻、杨树、葡萄、黄瓜、拟南芥的WRKY成员的氨基酸序列同源性分别为64.14%、60.04%、42.54%、40.61%和35.4%,属于Ⅰ类WRKY家族成员。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,割胶和乙烯显著上调HbWRKY1基因的表达,但茉莉酸和机械伤害对HbWRKY1的表达没有明显影响,表明HbWRKY1可能在乙烯信号途径对防卫蛋白的调节中起重要作用。