野生猕猴桃实生后代株系对溃疡病的抗性及果实品质

为猕猴桃种质资源的开发和利用提供参考,以野生黄肉猕猴桃实生苗为试材,采用大田病圃法对198份黄肉野生猕猴桃实生株系连续4年进行田间溃疡病抗性监测,以明确不同野生猕猴桃实生后代株系对溃疡病的抗性差异,并对野生猕猴桃实生株系中60株雌株果实风味进行初步品评。结果表明：猕猴桃实生苗后代对溃疡病的抗性不同。其中,高抗、中抗、耐病、感病和高感株系所占总体比例分别为11.16%、24.75%、29.80%、28.28%和5.56%,初步筛选出12株抗病性较强的雌株株系和10株抗病性较强的雄株株系。结合猕猴桃单果重、果实品质及对溃疡病抗性等方面,筛选出4株优良抗性雌株实生苗为株系13-3-2、13-6-11、13-11-1和13-11-21,其可溶性固形物含量均在14.5%以上,风味好,Vc含量均显著高于母本,分别较母本高18.14%、105.3%、65.21%和11.34%。     

徐家河水库施肥养银鱼可行性探讨

从理论上，从水库的自然条件及施肥养鱼的经济效益等方面进行分析，探讨了在贫营养型水体徐家河水库内施肥养银鱼（Ｎｅｏｓａｌａｎｘ）的可行性。     

茶用菊苗期枯萎病抗性鉴定技术研究

为了建立茶用菊枯萎病抗性鉴定的方法,了解茶用菊种质资源对枯萎病抗性的差异,筛选抗性种质用于抗病育种,本研究以茶用菊为试验材料,通过枯萎病病原菌分离、形态学和真菌18S rDNA/ITS鉴定和致病力研究,开展茶用菊资源苗期枯萎病人工接种鉴定,并筛选优异抗病种质。结果表明,从发病的福白菊植株上分离到M15和M16 2株枯萎病病原菌菌株,经鉴定,这2株菌株均属于尖孢镰刀菌,致病力检测发现M15为强致病力菌株。通过枯萎病抗性鉴定,筛选到七月白1份高抗品种,杭白菊、苏菊7号等9份抗病品种,滁菊、亳菊等17份中抗品种,福白菊、苏菊6号等3份感病品种以及皇菊1份高感品种。本研究建立了一种高效的茶用菊品种抗枯萎病的鉴定方法,为茶用菊抗枯萎病品种改良奠定了基础。     

浙江安吉县实施毛竹收购价格指数保险的实践

近年来,随着劳动力工资水平的快速提高以及一系列严格的环保政策的出台,浙江安吉县毛竹收购价格持续走低并在较长时期处于低价徘徊,直接影响了竹农的经济收入和生产管理的积极性,出现了毛竹林抛荒失管现象。为保障竹林经营者的基本收益,扶持竹产业健康持续发展,安吉县探索实施了毛竹收购价格指数保险措施。文章介绍了安吉县毛竹收购价格指数保险的提出、方案设置以及实施2年来的实践情况,探讨了该保险所发挥的作用,提出了进一步改进的建议。     

Diverse Secondary Metabolites from the Coral-Derived Fungus Aspergillus hiratsukae SCSIO 5Bn1003

Three new metabolites, including a cyclic tetrapeptide asperhiratide (1), an ecdysteroid derivative asperhiratine (2), and a sesquiterpene lactone asperhiratone (3), were isolated and identified from the soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus hiratsukae SCSIO 5Bn₁003, together with 10 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated via spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. In addition, the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by Marfey’s technique and an analysis of the acid hydrolysates using a chiral phase HPLC column. Among all the compounds, 6 and 8 showed medium cytotoxic activities against four tumor cell lines (SF-268, HepG-2, MCF-7, and A549), with IC₅₀ values ranging from 31.03 ± 3.04 to 50.25 ± 0.54 µM. Meanwhile, they strongly inhibited α-glucosidase activities, with IC₅₀ values of 35.73 ± 3.94 and 22.00 ± 2.45 µM, which were close to and even stronger than the positive control acarbose (IC₅₀ = 32.92 ± 1.03 µM). Compounds 6–8 showed significant antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 10.26 ± 0.76 µM, 17.00 ± 1.25 µM, and 5.30 ± 0.29 µM, respectively. Compounds 9 and 12 exhibited potent radical scavenging activities against DPPH, with IC₅₀ values of 12.23 ± 0.78 µM and 7.38 ± 1.16 µM. In addition, asperhiratide (1) was evaluated for anti-angiogenic activities in the in vivo zebrafish model, which showed a weak inhibitory effect on intersegmental vessel (ISV) formation.     

徐家河水库陆封近太湖新银鱼的生长特性及其渔业利用

本文通过对徐家河水库陆封近太湖新银鱼周年生长的研究，揭示其生长的规律性，并根据其生长特笥和生活习性，结合水库的生态特点，确定徐家河水库近太湖新银鱼的合理捕捞时间，提出促进水库近太湖新银鱼生长，提高其生长量的措施。     

Effects on growth and survival of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) larvae when co-fed on live and microparticle diets

The effectiveness of co-feeding loach ( Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ) larvae with live and microparticle diets on weaning performance was described here. Dry weight, total length, length and weight-specific growth rate (SGR) and survivals were monitored at 23–25 °C from the 4th day post hatching (dph) in different diet regimes, which included: microparticle diets (A), live cladocerans (B), enriched cladocerans (C), half microparticle diets plus half live cladocerans (D) and half microparticle diets plus half enriched cladocerans (E). The SGR (L and W) were significantly lower in treatment A than in other treatments after completing metamorphosis (day 4–20, P <0.05). On 30 dph, dry weight (mg) and total length (mm) were significantly lower in treatment A than in other treatments ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences in growth in treatments B, C, D and E before 30 dph. However, when live feed was withdrawn from 31–60 dph, in metamorphosed fish, there were significant differences ( P <0.05) among the treatments in survival and growth. Metamorphosed fish in treatment E had higher survival than the fish in other treatments at the end of the experiment. The SGR (L and W) of weaned fish in treatments B and C were similar but lower than in treatments A, D and E respectively. However, dry weight and total length in treatment A were significantly lower than in treatments D and E. It is suggested that weaning of M. anguillicaudatus from early development would appear to be feasible and that larval co-feeding improves the growth and the survival.     

田间气象条件对梨小食心虫越冬代出土的影响及辽宁中部地区梨小食心虫发生规律研究

以辽宁省海城市代表性的南果梨园为研究对象,连续3年采用性诱剂诱捕梨小食心虫成虫,并结合当地气象数据,研究了田间气象条件对梨小食心虫越冬代出土的影响及其发生规律。结果表明:梨小食心虫(简称梨小)越冬代幼虫出土主要受温度的影响,气温在13℃时梨小食心虫越冬代幼虫开始出土,在不同年份温度差异不大的情况下,较高气温对梨小出土没有明显的加速作用;降雨对梨小出土的影响主要体现在对温度的调控上,即降雨量越多导致气温越低,进而减缓梨小出土。辽中地区梨小食心虫发生情况受春季气温影响,一年发生3~4代。     

新媒体时代经典名言与大学图书馆微阅读探赜

经典名言是人文经典中的思想精要和内容浓缩。本文基于时下以智能手机为代表的大学生微阅读趋势,从经典名言的概念和范畴、经典名言的特征及作用,以及经典名言与图书馆微阅读服务等三方面进行探究,以期促进校园阅读文化。     

Effects of Neutral Phytase Supplementation on Biochemical Parameters in Grass Carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,and Gibel Carp,Carassius auratus gibelio,Fed Different Levels of Monocalcium Phosphate

Two 8‐wk studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of neutral phytase supplementation on hemato‐biochemical status, liver biochemical parameter, and intestinal digestive enzyme activity of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, fed with different levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP). The control diet was prepared with 2% MCP but without phytase (P2.0). The other three experimental diets were prepared with the addition of 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5% MCP, respectively, when supplemented with 500 U/kg neutral phytase in each diet and designated as PP1.5, PP1.0, and PP0.5, respectively. The results indicated that the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, as well as the albumin (ALB) content were increased in grass carp (P < 0.05) and gibel carp (P > 0.05) fed with phytase‐supplemented diets. Meanwhile, the serum cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, and total protein contents of the two species of fish were increased in comparison to the control. In addition, dietary phytase inclusion did not significantly affect hepatic ALP, ALT, and AST activities in the two species of carp fed with different levels of MCP. Amylase activity increased in foregut and hindgut of both species when fed with the phytase‐supplemented diets while lipase activity was reduced in the foregut and hindgut in both fish. This study suggests that neutral phytase supplementation increases serum ALP, ALT, and AST activities but does not notably affect these enzyme activities in the liver of the two species of carp when fed different levels of MCP. On the other hand, amylase activity increased while lipase activity was reduced in the intestine of the species of carp fed with phytase‐supplemented diets.