大蒜素对断奶仔猪生长发育及其周围环境的影响

选用 10 8头 2 0日龄健康无病的杜× (长×大 )三元杂交断奶仔猪 ,按血缘、体重、性别一致原则随机分为 2组 ,每组设 3个重复。各组试验猪基础日粮一致、饲养管理条件一致 ,并由同一饲养员饲养。对照组饲喂带有抗生素的饲料 ;试验组在饲料中添加 2 5%大蒜素 2 0 0g t,试验期18d。结果表明 ,与对照组比较 ,试验组日增重提高 16 5% (P <0 0 5) ,料重比降低 13% (P <0 0 5) ,采食量无显著差异 ,未有试验猪发病 ,粪便颜色比对照组浅 ,粪便表面蚊蝇量较少 ,说明大蒜素对仔猪具有促生长作用 ,同时还具有抑菌和杀菌、减少仔猪发病率、驱除蚊蝇、改善舍内外环境等功效 ,从而提高了经济效益 ,是一种极具有开发价值的中草药添加剂     

Gill Reaction to Pollutants from the Tamiš River in Three Freshwater Fish Species,Esox lucius L. 1758, Sander lucioperca (L. 1758) and Silurus glanis L. 1758: A Comparative Study

The study evaluated the effects of waterborne pollutants from the Tami? River on gill histology and possible differences in gill reaction patterns between three freshwater fish species, pike Esox lucius L. 1758, pike‐perch Sander lucioperca (L. 1758) and wels catfish Silurus glanis L. 1758 from the Tami? River. Gills from analysed fish species showed moderate to intense histopathological alterations. The most frequent progressive alteration was hyperplasia of epithelium, whereas the most frequent regressive alteration was epithelial lifting. Circulatory disturbances were most often manifested in the form of hyperaemia. During comparative analysis, differences in gill indices, reaction and alteration indices, as well as in gill and filament prevalence between analysed species, were observed. Although all analysed fish species did show both progressive and regressive alterations, there was a significant difference in the level of expression of these reaction patterns. Gill index obtained for pike clearly stands out as the lowest. Wels catfish showed the highest progressive reaction index, significantly higher in comparison with the other two species (P < 0.05), while pike‐perch showed the highest regressive reaction index, also significantly higher in comparison with the other species (P < 0.001). These results may implicate species‐specific gill reactions and thus present a useful tool for better understanding toxic mechanisms of various pollutants.     

育肥猪肠道疾病的特点与危害

育肥猪肠道疾病问题是当前规模化猪场最常见的问题之一,其病因复杂导致防控难度增加,常见发病原因分为病原性因素与非病原性因素两种。病原性因素如病毒、细菌、寄生虫等;非病原性因素如生产管理、饲料营养、应激等外部环境引起。在我国当前的养殖环境下,病原性因素引起的猪肠道疾病占据大多数,常见的导致育肥猪腹泻的疾病的病原微生物如细胞内劳森菌(引起猪回肠炎)、猪密螺旋体痢疾、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、寄生虫及部分病毒性疾病等的感染在我国的猪场广泛存在,这些病原微生物会导致育肥猪群发生急性或慢性消耗性腹泻,使育肥猪发生成活率降低、饲料报酬下降、生长速度减缓、僵猪和残次猪比例升高等情况,给生长育肥猪的正常生长和出栏造成了很大的危害。文章通过对育肥猪肠道疾病的发病原因、发病特点与危害以及防控等方面进行了简要的阐述,以供参考。     

Effect of animal age,postmortem chilling rate,and aging time on meat quality attributes of water buffalo and humped cattle bulls

The study was aimed to investigate the influence of animal age, post‐slaughter chilling rate, and aging time on meat quality of M. longissimus dorsi (LD) of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and humped cattle (Bos taurus indicus) bulls. After slaughtering, one side of carcasses was subjected to rapid chilling (RC) (0 ± 2°C) and other side was hanged in controlled room temperature (25 ± 2°C) for 3 hr, then allowed to the chiller (0 ± 2°C). The meat quality traits were analyzed at 1, 7, and 14 days of storage. It was noted that rapidly chilled carcasses from the younger animals of both species missed the ideal pH/temperature window, which affects the toughness of the meat. Buffalo meat presented higher shear force, color L* values, and lower b* value as compared to the cattle meat. Moreover, meat shear force values decreased while all color coordinates and cooking loss values increased with lengthening the storage time in both age groups of cattle and buffalo. In conclusion, the tenderness of cattle meat was superior to that of buffalo and RC adversely affect the shear force values of young cattle and both age groups of buffalo bulls.     

Role of integrons in the proliferation of multiple drug resistance in selected bacteria occurring in poultry production

ABSTRACT

• 1. The increase in microbial resistance, and in particular multiple drug resistance (MDR), is an increasing threat to public health. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics and antibacterial chemotherapeutics in the poultry industry, especially in concentrations too low to cause inhibition, and the occurrence of residues in feed and in the environment play a significant role in the development of resistance among zoonotic food-borne microorganisms.

• 2. Determining the presence and transmission methods of resistance in bacteria is crucial for tracking and preventing antibiotic resistance. Horizontal transfer of genetic elements responsible for drug resistance is considered to be the main mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance.

• 3. Of the many well-known genetic elements responsible for horizontal gene transfer, integrons are among the most important factors contributing to multiple drug resistance. The mechanism of bacterial drug resistance acquisition through integrons is one of the essential elements of MDR prevention in animal production.

     

3种介导猪NR2F2基因转染PK15细胞方法的比较研究

试验旨在研究3种转染方法对猪肾上皮细胞（PK15）的转染效率,为以PK15细胞为模型研究外源基因的功能提供参考。本研究以PK15细胞为研究对象,用脂质体、电穿孔、慢病毒3种转染方法转染后,在荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测EGFP和NR2F2基因的表达情况,采用CCK-8检测细胞存活率,进而比较3种方法的转染效果。结果显示,转染PK15细胞后,电穿孔和慢病毒方法转染效率极显著高于脂质体（P<0.01）,但电穿孔方法和慢病毒方法之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;EGFP和NR2F2基因的实时荧光定量PCR结果显示慢病毒方法效果最好,脂质体方法较差,与细胞转染效率基本一致;CCK-8结果显示,电穿孔转染后细胞存活率最低,极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,脂质体方法显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,慢病毒方法与对照组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合考虑转染效率及细胞活性,本研究认为慢病毒转染方法最适合转染PK15细胞,为今后高效转染PK15细胞提供了理想的方法。     

Gα12蛋白抑制口蹄疫病毒在PK-15细胞上复制

鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白Gα12参与多种细胞反应的调节,但是在口蹄疫病毒（foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV）方面的研究较少。本研究中,用FMDV感染PK-15细胞,发现Gα12的mRNA和蛋白水平都有所上调,预示Gα12可能与FMDV复制存在某种联系,需要进一步研究Gα12蛋白对FMDV在PK-15细胞上复制的影响。为此,在过表达Gα12和干扰Gα12表达的情况下,通过实时荧光定量、Western blot和TCID₅₀检测Gα12对FMDV复制的影响。结果表明,过表达Gα12后,FMDV的mRNA水平、蛋白水平和病毒滴度都有所降低,然而,下调Gα12后,FMDV的复制呈相反的趋势,说明Gα12可以抑制FMDV在PK-15细胞上的复制。本研究首次发现Gα12具有抑制口蹄疫病毒复制的作用,为抗FMDV的研究提供了新思路和理论基础,对FMDV相关研究具有重要意义。     

基于RNA-Seq筛选ALV-J感染汶上芦花鸡肝差异表达致病相关基因

为挖掘感染ALV-J汶上芦花鸡的肝差异表达致病相关基因。本研究以汶上芦花鸡为试验素材,分别在42和300日龄进行ALV血液病毒分离检测筛选ALV阴性和阳性个体,对ALV阳性个体有病理变化的肝组织和阴性个体肝组织进行PCR检测,分别选取3只ALV阳性（G1组）和阴性（G2组）个体的肝组织,并对G1组PCR产物测序、聚类分析确定ALV亚型,利用RNA-Seq测序技术筛选差异表达基因,并进行功能分析,利用荧光定量qRT-PCR对部分差异表达基因进行验证。结果表明,G1组样品经PCR检测、PCR扩增产物测序和聚类分析确定ALV为J亚型,转录组分析发现,共有42个差异基因在GO和KEGG中富集,其中,上调基因18个,下调基因24个。随机选取的5个差异表达基因qRT-PCR验证结果与RNA-Seq测序结果相一致。GO分析显示,差异表达基因主要涉及细胞过程、代谢过程、对刺激的反应、免疫系统等;KEGG分析显示,差异表达基因主要富集在细胞过程、信号传导、疾病、新陈代谢等信号通路。本研究通过转录组分析发现了影响ALV-J致病性的多个基因和关键信号通路,为深入了解ALV-J致病的分子机制提供了思路。     

Role of sulfur and chloride in the dietary cation-anion balance equation for lactating dairy cattle

Ten Holstein cows averaging 120 d in lactation were arranged in replicated 5 x 5 Latin squares with 3-wk periods to evaluate the role of sulfur (S) in the dietary cation-anion balance equation. Diets were based on corn silage in Exp. 1 and sorghum silage in Exp. 2. Supplemental S and chloride (Cl) from the double sulfate of potassium and magnesium and CaCl2 were used to manipulate dietary cation-anion balance from 0 to +30 meq when expressed as meq [(Na + K)-(Cl + S)]/100 g diet DM and from +19 to +49 meq when expressed as meq [(Na + K)-Cl]/100 g diet DM. Blood pH was not affected by cation-anion balance, although both S and Cl supplementation tended to lower pH. Blood HCO3- and urine pH decreased and plasma calcium (Ca) and urinary Ca excretion increased as anion was added to the diet. Milk fat production tended to be increased by the low S supplementation. Dietary Cl and S had similar effects on acid-base status. Therefore, we suggest that S be included with Cl in the dietary cation-anion balance equation for lactating dairy cows as follows: meq [(Na + K)-(Cl + S)]/100 g diet DM. Although response of acid-base status to S and Cl was similar, as more data comparing the acidogenicity of S vs Cl become available, it may be necessary to include a modifying coefficient for S in the equation to adjust for differences between S and Cl in acid-generating potential. This coefficient may be further dependent on the dietary source of S.     

商品化猪丹毒疫苗分类及特点

文章介绍了5种商品化猪丹毒疫苗的种类、毒株组成、抗原含量及相应免疫程序,为了解各种类型的猪丹毒商品化疫苗提供参考。