试论因地制疫

进入21世纪,随着气候条件不断发生变化,病毒自身的发展使得重大疫病防控形势越来越复杂。本文根据地理因素在防疫中的重要作用,提出因地制疫理论,试图构建一个全新的防疫模式,在这个模式里,不同的区域根据本地情况制定不同的防疫计划,使用不同的疫苗。从而通过差异而有针对性的防疫工作,使疫情防控工作更有成效。     

内蒙古寒冷干旱地区苜蓿栽培技术模式

苜蓿是内蒙古寒冷干旱地区重要的牧草之一,在近几年的农业结构调整和生态治理中,得到了快速发展,但缺乏规范的苜蓿种植管理技术。本文阐述的苜蓿栽培技术模式,是在林西县多年苜蓿生产实践基础上产生的,而后又在生产实践中不断改进完善后形成的。该技术模式着重介绍了在内蒙古寒冷干旱地区建植苜蓿人工草地时需着重考虑的四个方面,即苜蓿品种的选择原则、播种要点、田间管理及收获技术。     

宁夏首起牛结节性皮肤病疫情流行病学调查

2020年10月,宁夏盐池县、利通区、平罗县发生输入性牛结节性皮肤病疫情。为查明疫情发生原因,分析疫情扩散风险,宁夏回族自治区农业农村厅畜牧兽医局组织成立督导组进行流行病学调查。通过现场调查、座谈及实验室检测,综合发病、溯源和追踪情况以及实验室检测结果,分析认为此次疫情是由调入纯种荷斯坦育成奶牛引起的。因及时采取了封锁疫点、控制移动、扑杀、无害化处理、清洗消毒、杀灭蚊蝇、免疫等综合处置措施,疫情扩散风险较低。此次疫情警示,要强化牛只及其产品的调运监管,加强疫情排查监测,及时发现和处置疫情。     

Effect of cortisol on luteinizing hormone release during sexual behavior in the boar.

The effect of inhibiting the rise in cortisol concentrations that occurs at copulation upon luteinizing hormone release was studied in seven adult boars. Plasma samples were collected for assay of luteinizing hormone, testosterone and cortisol on a control day and before, during and after exposure to an estrous sow. The area under the curve was used to evaluate hormone production and treatment effects were evaluated by a paired Student's t-test. The 11 beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, metyrapone, was used to suppress glucocorticoid hormone production. Cortisol concentrations increased significantly (p less than 0.05) after breeding compared to values on the control day while treatment with metyrapone prior to breeding prevented the cortisol increase (p greater than 0.05). Although luteinizing hormone production increased significantly after copulation in both breeding experiments, metyrapone pretreatment resulted in a reduction of luteinizing hormone secretion (p less than 0.05). Testosterone production was also reduced in boars pretreated with metyrapone. The results suggest that the increased levels of cortisol occurring at copulation may enhance luteinizing hormone release in boars.     

野马追克喘散治疗猪呼吸道疾病效果试验

目的：应用野马追克喘散新兽药对呼吸道综合征进行临床疗效试验,为推广野马追克喘散提供科学依据。方法：将自然感染、症状典型、猪呼吸道综合征的140头病猪（杜长大三元杂交）,平均体重20～25kg,随机分为7个组,每组20头,其中第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组用野马追克喘散治疗,分别以高、中、低剂量给药;第Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别用麻杏石甘散、金花平喘散以常规剂量给药;Ⅵ、Ⅶ组以硫酸卡那霉素注射液（0.2mL/kg体重）和泰乐菌素（0.4mL/kg体重）以常规剂量给药。结果：野马追克喘散的治疗效果较麻杏石甘散和金花平喘散治疗效果好,治愈率也达93.3%。结论：野马追克喘散治疗猪气喘咳嗽疗效较高,收效较快,维持时间较长,是较理想的药物。     

我国执业兽医资格考试现状

我国执业兽医准入制度已经建立,但执业兽医体系建设才刚刚开始。通过对全国执业兽医资格考试情况的分析,建议从三个方面加快建设：一是通过立法保障执业兽医社会职责的发挥及应有社会地位的获得;二是提高我国执业兽医的本科教育及继续教育水平,建立教育机构评估机制;三是完善执业兽医配套岗位和工作制度,通过行业协会更好地规范执业行为,加快与国际接轨的步伐。     

龙头企业与农户利益联结机制的比较研究——根据对四川省畜禽产业链的调查

根据对四川省畜禽龙头企业、合作社及养殖户的实地调研,发现不同的产品特点和产业发展阶段形成不同利益联结机制,这些机制具有不同的约束和激励效果,企业和农户的风险分担和利益分配关系也不同,并决定企业对原料产品质量安全水平的不同控制力。     

Yak interferon-alpha loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for controlled release

To explore the potential of a novel animal interferon formulation for controlled release, the yak interferon-alpha (IFN-α) glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the purified recombinant IFN-α was encapsulated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) by double emulsion solvent evaporation (w/o/w) method. The particle size and zeta potential of IFN-α-loaded SLN were 124.2 ± 10.2 nm and −11.2 ± 0.6 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of IFN-α and loading capacity of the SLN were 83.7 ± 4.5% and 1.73 ± 0.15%, respectively. In vitro release study and antiviral assay demonstrated that the IFN-α released from the SLN in a 16-day period exhibited antiviral activity in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and showed a release pattern of an initial burst release followed by a sustained and slow release. Cytotoxicity assay in cell culture demonstrated that the SLN were not toxic. The results of this exploratory study suggest that the IFN-α-loaded SLN could be a useful formulation for controlled release in veterinary therapeutics.     

春季实行多批次滚动养蚕的情况总结

随着全球气侯的变暖,桑树生产期延长,产叶量增加;加之农村大量劳动力外出,在家养蚕的劳动力越来越少,养蚕劳动强度又大,存在着有桑不养蚕的现象.     

电解多维对缓解断奶仔猪转群应激的探讨

目前，规模化养猪场一般采取２８－３５日龄的仔猪早期断奶，在很大程度上提高了母猪的生产力及饲料的利用率，提高了猪场的经济，但随着仔猪断奶日龄的提高，也出现了许多生产上的问题，其中较为普遍而且影响较为严重的就是仔猪断奶后的转群应激。 在生产实践中，我们已克服了仔猪断奶应激，通过半年多的反复对比试验发现，在断奶仔猪转群后的３ｄ－５ｄ天内，饲料中添加一定量的电解多维，对缓解断奶仔猪因转群造成的食欲不振、消化不良、腹泻、膘情下降、抗病力减弱等不良反应均能起到满意的效果。１材料与方法１．１电解多维山东省明发…