覆膜与水分控制对宁夏设施滴灌番茄产量与品质的影响

【目的】探索宁夏设施滴灌番茄覆膜的效果和适宜的灌溉制度,为宁夏地区设施滴灌番茄节水高产种植提供理论依据。【方法】通过2 a试验,在覆膜(M)与不覆膜(NM)条件下,设定4种水分控制水平,灌水频率为7~10 d,W1、W2和W3处理的灌水上限分别为100%FC(田间持水率)、80%FC和70%FC,以当地灌水量为对照(CK,灌水上限为123%FC),研究了覆膜和水分控制对设施滴灌番茄生长、产量、品质与水分生产效率的影响。【结果】番茄株高和茎粗在苗期―开花坐果期生长迅速,受覆膜处理影响显著(P<0.01),受水分控制影响不显著(P>0.05)。随着灌水量的增加,番茄产量先增加后降低,W2M处理的产量和水分生产效率均为最大值,分别为89844.88 kg/hm2和502.5 kg/(hm²·mm),相比覆膜CK分别增加21.4%和63.7%。相比于不覆膜处理,覆膜番茄产量平均增加18.1%,差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),其还原性维生素C和可溶性固形物量分别提高28.9%和22.8%(P<0.05)。覆膜和水分控制均对番茄还原性维生素C量、可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖量的影响达到显著水平(P<0.01),覆膜处理还对可滴定酸量和糖酸比的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05)。【结论】对于宁夏设施滴灌番茄,采用覆膜栽培与80%FC的灌水上限可以获得较高产量和较好品质。     

电液混合调控式大蒜播种机设计与试验

针对传统大蒜播种装备自动化程度低而导致的播种合格率和作业效率低等问题,设计了一种电液混合调控式大蒜播种机。该机主要由电控播种装置、播深调节装置、参数检测装置和人机交互界面等组成。以单片机为核心控制器,利用速度传感器和旋转编码器,实现了株距与作业速度的匹配;分析开沟入土阻力与入土深度关系,确定了播深调节液压装置关键部件;结合光电传感器和显示屏,完成了作业参数实时显示与播种异常报警功能。以杂交蒜为试验对象,分别进行了播深一致性试验、播量检测试验和播种质量试验,结果显示,播深调节平均误差为4.7%,播深变异系数平均值为5.3%;播量检测平均误差为4.0%;播种合格率为83.7%,漏播率为6.2%,满足大蒜播种农艺要求,且较同种条件下以汽油机为动力源的大蒜播种机漏播率降低3.1个百分点。     

优质抗寒、抗病酿造葡萄新品种‘北红’

 ‘北红’葡萄新品种由‘玫瑰香’与‘山葡萄’杂交育成。浆果在北京地区9月底成熟。果粒圆形,蓝黑色,果粒质量1.57g,果穗质量160.0 g,浆果可溶性固形物含量23.8 %～ 27.0 %,含酸量0.89～1.26 %。早果性及丰产性强。抗寒、抗病能力特强。酿成的酒深宝石红色,酒体平衡,酒质上等。     

春秋大棚茄子专用新品种‘茄杂6号’

 ‘茄杂6号’是由自交系‘134’与‘圆杂-黑扁-1-1-M’配制而成的春秋大棚茄子专用品种。该品种耐弱光,易坐果,着色好,抗性强。株形紧凑,门茄节位8节左右。果实扁圆形,果色黑亮,果肉浅绿,单果质量850~950g,商品性好。产量一般为90~105 t·hm^-2。     

新疆野苹果群体遗传结构和遗传多样性的SRAP分析

 采用SRAP标记,对中国新疆野苹果4个种下居群的群体遗传结构和遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明：10对SRAP引物总共扩增了209条带,其中206条是多态性带（98.56%）。巩留群体、新源群体、霍城群体和裕民群体分别扩增了180、169、178和165条多态性带,巩留群体的随机交配杂合度（hs = 0.3037 ± 0.0058）最高,其次为霍城群体。UPGMA聚类分析和群体间遗传分化系数显示,巩留群体和新源群体之间,以及霍城群体和裕民群体之间,遗传关系最近,群体间遗传变异最低。新疆野苹果群体内遗传变异高于群体间,占总变异的87.9%,主坐标轴分析显示4个群体是相对独立,其中巩留群体和新源群体,霍城群体和裕民群体之间,有较高的基因交流。所有参数分析表明,巩留群体遗传多样性最丰富,故在制定新疆野苹果原地和异地种质保护计划时应优先考虑巩留群体。     

菠萝锌指蛋白基因AcRCHY1的克隆与表达分析

 根据植物C3HC4型兼CHY型锌指蛋白的功能保守区设计简并引物, 通过RT2PCR结合RACE 方法从菠萝(Ananas comosus L. Merr) 幼苗中克隆获得了一个新的菠萝锌指蛋白基因cDNA全长, 将其命名为AcRCHY1。该基因cDNA全长1 261 bp, 开放阅读框ORF为918 bp, 推测其编码一个含有306个氨基酸残基的多肽。AcRCHY1蛋白具有保守的C3HC4 (RING finger) 和CHY两个锌指结构域, 与其它植物锌指蛋白的同源性高达81%～91%。半定量RT-PCR分析表明, AcRCHY1 在菠萝中呈组成性表达, 在子房、花瓣和小花中的表达量明显高于根和叶; 低温、高盐、干旱和ABA等非生物胁迫处理后, AcRCHY1在叶片中的表达明显增强。因此, AcRCHY1蛋白可能与花器官生长发育的调控有关, 而且可能作为一个转录调控因子在菠萝响应低温、高盐和渗透胁迫过程中参与了依赖ABA的信号转导途径。     

桃果实非酸/酸性状SCAR标记的转化与验证

 根据筛选到的与桃果实非酸/酸性状紧密连锁的3个AFLP标记特异片段序列信息, 设计特异引物BFPA1/A2、BFPB1/B2和BFPC1/C2。3个特异引物在‘京玉’桃、‘美味’油桃及其正反交F¹代69株群体中的PCR检测结果表明: 引物BFPB1/B2在果实性状表现为酸的后代个体中扩增出分子量大小为158 bp的特异条带, 且根据特异片段AT-CTA₁₉₉不同部位设计的引物都能稳定扩增, 只是片段大小有所差异;特异扩增检测F¹群体分离结果与原先AFLP_AT/CTA标记完全一致, 表明AFLP标记已成功转化为SCAR标记,该SCAR BFPB1/B2标记与D基因的连锁距离为2199 cM。利用SCAR BFPB1/B2标记对‘大久保’桃ב兴津’油桃的F²群体60株个体的果实非酸/酸性状进行检测, 基因型与表型性状符合率为96.7% , 并且表现为共显性标记。特异引物BFPA1/A2和BFPC1/C2的扩增多态性条带在亲本及后代中消失。     

Jagged1 knocking down in endothelial cells accelerates PDGF induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of Jagged1 expression in endothelial cells (EC) on platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in rat.METHODS: Rat aorta EC was inoculated in the lower chamber and VSMC were in the upper chamber of the cell coculture system. Three groups were divided: control, sicontrol and siJagged1. The EC Jagged1 protein expression was assayed by Western blotting to evaluate small RNA interfering (RNAi) efficiency. After the cells were cocultured with PDGF for 24 h, the proliferation and migration of VSMC were respectively evaluated by ［3H］-TdR incorporation and migrating cells counting. Protein expression of α-SM-actin in VSMC was assayed by Western blotting. RESULTS: The Jagged1 protein expression in EC was significantly lower in siJagged1 group than that in control group (0.26±0.02 vs 0.67±0.02, P<0.05), and no statistic significance was observed between control and sicontrol groups. The VSMC ［3H］-TdR incorporation and migration were higher in PDGF +siJagged1 group than those in PDGF group {［3H］-TdR incorporation (23 074±2 702) counts·min-1·well-1 vs (16 442±1 803)counts·min-1·well-1, n=5, P<0.05; migration (27±4) cells/field vs (15±3)cells/field, n=5, P<0.05}. The α-SM-actin protein in VSMC was lower in PDGF + siJagged1 group than that in PDGF group (0.25±0.06 vs 0.49±0.04, n=3, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Jagged1 knock down in rat EC accelerates PDGF induced proliferation and migration of VSMC. These results suggest that Jagged1 expression in EC plays an important role in maintaining VSMC contract phenotype and inhibiting VSMC overgrowth after arterial injury.     

Abnormalities of miR-21 expression in human breast cancer is associated with distinctive pathologic features and shortened postoperative survival

AIM: To investigate the potential relevance of miR-21 expression level to clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival. METHODS: 113 BRCA cases with more then 5 years fallow-up data were selected. Total RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of 113 breast cancer (BRCA) and normal adjacent tissues (NATs) were isolated for miR-21 quantitative analysis by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: The miR-21 expression levels in BRCA were significantly higher than those in NATs (P<0.01) with average up-regulated level of 1.74 ± 0.48. Interestingly, high level expression of miR-21 was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage (P<0.01), lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), and shorter survival of the patients ［hazard ratio (HR)=5.476, P<0.01］. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that miR-21 was one of independent prognostic impacts (HR=4.133, P<0.01) on BRCA. CONCLUSION: Over-expression of miR-21 is associated with poor prognosis of BRCA and may serve as an independent prognostic marker for BRCA.     

洋葱细胞质雄性不育系选育研究进展

 介绍了国内外洋葱细胞质雄性不育（CMS）系的选育及利用概况;对洋葱细胞质雄性不育机理和相关分子标记进行了综述;在此基础上对洋葱雄性不育的研究提出了几点建议。