氮、磷、钾肥不同施用量对马铃薯产量的影响

马铃薯种植面积在德江是仅次于水稻、玉米的第三大作物,常年种植面积在0.93万hm2左右.由于农户在种植马铃薯时普遍存在重氮轻磷缺钾的现象,导致马铃薯产量不高,经济效益低下.为了提高马铃薯产量,增加经济效益,特设置施肥对马铃薯产量的影响试验.     

矮丛蓝莓品种“美登”叶片转录组测序和生物信息学分析

以矮丛蓝莓品种"美登"为试材,采用第二代测序技术对其嫩叶转录组进行了测序及生物信息学分析,研究了矮丛蓝莓功能基因组信息,以期增加对矮丛蓝莓生长发育分子机理的了解,并为矮丛蓝莓的分子标记辅助育种奠定基础。结果表明:在获得的约1G纯净数据,共拼装了41 929条Unigenes,其中被GO数据库成功注释Unigene分别涉及到生物学过程、细胞成分及分子功能相关的共45类生理代谢功能;KOG数据库注释到19 149条Unigenes,共涉及25条代谢通路;KEGG数据库成功注释13 072条Unigenes,共涉及到5个大类、18个中类、129条代谢通路;Nr数据库成功注释30 738条Unigenes,这些Unigenes共对应32 949条蛋白质的编码区。同时,生物信息学分析还显示,全部Unigenes中,有884条编码转录因子,涉及到55个家族;2 261条编码抗性基因,涉及18个家族;检测到6 591个SSR位点,其中2碱基重复的SSR数目最多,占总SSR位点数的70%。     

“希姆劳特”葡萄在天津地区的引种表现及栽培技术

经过连续6年的引种栽培区试发现,"希姆劳特"葡萄在天津地区具有极早熟、花芽分化好、品质优良、抗病性强等优良特性,可在天津地区适度发展该葡萄品种。现总结"希姆劳特"葡萄品种的引种区试情况及栽培技术要点。     

Effects of Jiedu-Qingfei mixture on NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in lung tissues of rats with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of Jiedu-Qingfei mixture on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-infected rat lung tissues and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 4 groups:blank control group, model group, Jiedu-Qingfei group and positive control group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in experimental groups were slowly dripped with 1×10⁹ CFU/L MP solution into their nostrils for 4 d. One rat in each group was sacrificed for MP nucleic acid detection at the second day after inoculation, and the other rats were given gavage therapy. The rats in blank control group and model group were intragastrically given the same volume of normal saline, the rats in Jiedu-Qingfei group were given 8 mL/kg Jiedu-Qingfei mixture daily for 4 weeks, and the rats in psoitive control group were given dexmethasone sodium phosphate (0.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). After the experiment, the rats were killed. The serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for detecting the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-13 and TNF-α by ELISA. The right lung tissues were used for pathological observation and HE staining, while the left lung tissues were used to detect the expression of NF-κB p50, I-κBα and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) at mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS: The results of MP nucleic acid detection showed that all the rats except blank control group were MP nucleic acid positive, indicating that the rat model of MP infection was successfully established. On the 1st day of the treatment, the pathological scores of the lung tissues in model group and Jiedu-Qingfei group were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the pathological scores of the lung tissues in mo-del group were significantly higher than those in blank control group and Jiedu-Qingfei group. The levels of IL-12 in the serum and BALF in model group were significantly lower than those in blank control group after MP infection (P<0.05), while those after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture were significantly higher than those in model group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-13 and TNF-α in the serum and BALF of MP-infected rats were increased significantly, while those after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture were significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK in model group were increased significantly (P<0.01). After treatment, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK were decreased significantly compared with model group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression level of I-κBα in model group was significantly lower than that in control group. After treatment, the mRNA expression of I-κBα in Jiedu-Qingfei group was significantly higher than that in model group (P<0.05). The protein levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK in the lung tissues of model group were significantly higher than those of blank control group. After treatment, the protein expression of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK was decreased significantly. The protein level of I-κBα in model group was significantly lower than that in blank control group, and after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture, the protein expression level of I-κBα was increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Jiedu-Qingfei mixture may attenuate lung tissue inflammation caused by MP through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways.     

京津冀花椰菜产业现状、发展趋势及对策建议

针对我国花椰菜产业不断发展壮大、种植面积不断扩大,尤其是松花菜的种植面积和市场占有率迅速增长的情况,从种植情况、种子研发企业和松花菜栽培情况3大部分展开,介绍了京津冀地区花椰菜产业的发展现状,列举了京津冀地区花椰菜品种品质、育种技术及商品物流方面存在的问题,并提出了发展趋势及应对策略,如加强优质、多抗、适应性强的花椰菜新品种选育,重视花椰菜现代育种技术的创新,加强育种技术的交流与合作,培育龙头企业,加大品牌宣传力度,推进京津冀花椰菜产业发展进程。     

作物灌水量随机模拟研究

针对降雨、蒸发蒸腾量的随机性,在制定作物灌溉计划时,将降雨、蒸发蒸腾量进行随机化处理,采用基于时间序列的随机水文学方法对降雨和蒸发过程进行了模拟,将随机模拟出的降水、蒸发蒸腾结果代入水量平衡方程,从而确定灌溉时间和灌水量。经过和实测序列进行对比,模拟值和实际值拟合较好,最大误差仅为4.74%,可为科学制定作物灌溉计划提供参考。     

成品油管道水击超前保护优化方案

成品油管道发生泵站意外停电事故后通常执行水击超前保护程序,该保护方案对管道的安全性有决定性影响。为了确保管道从事故前稳态安全平稳过渡到事故后较优的运行状态,需要制定最佳的水击超前保护方案。对成品油管道泵站意外停电水击工况进行分析,以水击事故发生后下一稳态时输量最大且各调节阀节流压力之和最小为目标,建立优化模型,相应的约束条件为全线不超压、不汽化。模型求解采取两种不同策略:事故站下游以各站出站压力最低为目标分别寻优,采用水力坡降线平移法求解;事故站上游以整体总节流最小寻优,为了提高求解速度,采用深度优先搜索法求解。以某成品油管道泵站意外停电事故工况为例,对该优化模型进行实例应用,并根据优化结果制定水击事故过渡过程的控制逻辑,并使用仿真软件SPS验证了控制逻辑的合理性,表明该优化模型合理可靠。     

我国热带海水大型珍珠贝类的珍珠养殖技术现状及对策建议

为改善马氏珠母贝 (Pinctada martensii) 外套膜组织和细胞体外培养的效果,探究了添加不同浓度的天然提取物茶多酚对外套膜组织和细胞培养液的优化效果。结果显示,当茶多酚的添加量为0.5%~2.0% (体积分数) 时,马氏珠母贝外套膜细胞的生物活性显著高于对照组 (P<0.05);当添加量为1.0%时,相对细胞生物活性最高。5组完全培养液 (0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%组) 均能较好地促进细胞的生长增殖,且细胞的生长曲线均呈“S”型;当培养液中茶多酚的添加量为1.0%时,外套膜细胞增殖效果最优。研究表明,马氏珠母贝外套膜组织和细胞在最适培养液中均能大量增殖游离细胞,且正常分泌珍珠质,其中培养液中的钙离子 (Ca²⁺) 浓度随着组织和细胞增殖过程呈先减后增的趋势,但始终低于初始浓度。研究结果进一步优化了马氏珠母贝外套膜组织和细胞培养液,为推动马氏珠母贝无核珍珠的培育提供了理论基础。

     

三维CAD技术在机械设计中的应用

现代计算机在技术和性能上越发成熟,再加之网络的普及和信息的智能化处理技术的提高,三维CAD技术本身也正逐步成熟,因此,正确地把握CAD技术的发展趋势对我国机械工程中的设计工作具有深远的意义.     

无锡市水利风景区建设与管理的实践及思考

水利风景区建设是生态文明建设的重要组成部分.本文介绍了无锡市在水利风景区建设工作中取得的成果与经验.无锡市在水利风景区建设工作中,目标明确、创新政策机制、有的放矢、挖掘地方特色、合理开发、注重生态修复和经济效益,景区建设成效显著.通过近几年工作实践,总结出水利风景区建设与管理规律与经验,可为周边兄弟市水利风景区创建与管理工作提供一些参考.