植物bZIP转录因子及其耐盐性调控研究进展

盐害影响植物的生长发育,碱性亮氨酸拉链类转录因子bZIP参与了植物的盐胁迫响应,因此就植物对高盐胁迫的理化反应、bZIP转录因子的功能及在植物高盐逆境下的作用的研究进展进行了综述,对今后利用bZIP基因改良植物耐盐性具有参考价值。     

河池蔗区主要病虫害田间调查及防治建议

于2011和2012年对河池蔗区进行病虫害调查发现,为害河池甘蔗生产的主要病害为黑穗病、梢腐病、煤烟病,主要虫害为甘蔗螟虫、绵蚜、蓟马等.指出当前蔗区病虫害防治存在防治适期掌握不对、防治时期不统一、盲目使用和滥用农药、防治意识不强、缺乏科学指导等主要问题,并提出做好病虫害监测、做到统防统治、给予科学的技术指导、增强蔗农防治意识和改善品种单一化的种植局面等建议.     

应用DPO-PCR方法特异性检测志贺氏菌

In this study, a dual-priming oligonucleotide (DPO)-based PCR method for specific detection of Shigella was established using ipaH gene of Shigella as the target gene. The results showed that detection sensitivity of the DPO-PCR method was 1.65×10² CFU/mL. Compared with conventional PCR primers, the DPO primers were easily designed, which simplified the design procedure of PCR primers. DPO primers were not sensitive to annealing temperature, which could efficiently amplify the target gene in the annealing temperature range from 50 to 70 ℃. Moreover, due to the special structure of DPO primers, it had a higher specificity than conventional PCR primers, and none nonspecific amplifications were produced in reaction. In the practical application, tests on 133 samples including frozen/fresh meat, fruits and vegetables, fresh milk, eggs and cooked food by the DPO-PCR method showed that 15 samples were Shigella positive, which were in accordance with the testing results using GB method (GB/T 4789.5-2012), showing good practicality and reliability. The DPO-PCR method provided a new tool for fast and accurate detection of Shigella.     

一株Nsp2蛋白部分氨基酸自然缺失的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离和鉴定

将RT-PCR检测为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)阳性的肺组织碾磨、过滤后接种MARC-145细胞,在细胞上连续传代,上清传至第二代后能产生细胞病变。通过RT-PCR方法可以检测到释放在细胞上清中PRRSV RNA。间接免疫荧光试验也能检测细胞内PRRSV N蛋白的表达,表明该PRRSV毒株成功地在MARC-145细胞中分离,命名为PRRSV NN1396株。对NN1396分离株GP5基因进行克隆测序分析,结果表明该毒株与NCBI登录的PRRSV GP5核苷酸同源性为62.9%~98.2%,与PRRSV原型毒株VR-2332的同源性为87.9%,与高致病性毒株PRRSV JXA1同源性为98.0%,通过GP5的遗传进化分析发现所分离的PRRSV为北美型PRRSV,且与高致病性PRRSV分布在同一个小分支上;对部分nsp2基因的测序、比对结果表明,该部分基因与NCBI登录的参考序列VR-2332氨基酸同源性为73.0%,与JXA1的同源性为94.8%。NN1396分离株Nsp2蛋白含有高致病性PRRSV特异的1+29个氨基酸的缺失,此外,在缺失29个氨基酸区域的上游,含有连续19个氨基酸缺失。该PRRSV毒株的分离和Nsp2蛋白部分序列的缺失鉴定,为下一步研究Nsp2部分氨基酸缺失对病毒生物学特性影响奠定基础。     

p53调控Nfkbiz基因表达的研究

核因子-κB（NF-κB）在炎症反应中起着关键的促进作用,并且受其他多种因素的调节。Nfkbiz基因编码的IκB？蛋白是IκB家族成员之一,在炎症反应中起着调节NF-κB的作用。本研究采用荧光实时定量PCR分析Nfkbiz基因的表达情况,发现在p53特定刺激源作用下Nfkbiz基因mRNA丰度显著降低。分析Nfkbiz基因序列,发现其基因中存在可能的p53反应元件,通过构建荧光素酶报告质粒及双荧光素酶报告试验和染色质免疫共沉淀试验,证明Nfkbiz基因中含有p53反应元件并且受p53蛋白调节。以上结果初步证明Nfkbiz是受p53蛋白负向调控的靶基因。     

近海渔业安全救助通信网的核心技术--传输速率对网络阻塞的影响

"近海渔业安全救助通信网"(以下简称为"安全通信网")建设开通以来,在渔业安全生产中已经发挥了重要的作用。但随着我国海洋渔业经济结构的变革,现代通信技术的飞速发展,刚刚组建的"安全通信网"日趋落后,在实际运行中引出了诸多问题,难以适应渔业生产和管理的需要。本文仅从技术角度针对"安全通信网"中出现的网络阻塞问题,阐述几点意见。     

大麦虫沙-桑枝杆栽培大杯蕈的研究

利用当地秸秆资源——桑枝杆栽培大杯蕈,并按适当比例添加大麦虫沙,分3组配方进行大杯蕈栽培试验。结果表明,在添加15％的大麦虫沙配方中所栽培的大杯蕈,其生物学效率最高,达88．5％,比不添加大麦虫沙的增产52．1％,同时其茵丝生长速率和长势均为最佳。     

重庆开县猕猴桃溃疡病药效试验研究初报

猕猴桃溃疡病是毁灭性病害,目前化学防治是预防该病的主要措施。试验采用碧生20％（噻唑锌）悬浮剂、可杀得1 01、农用链霉素72％可溶性粉剂、1．8％辛茵胺和有机硅对猕猴桃溃疡病防治进行药效研究。结果表明,蓰用链霉素72％可溶性粉剂1 000倍液对猕猴桃溃疡病防治效果最好,碧生20％（噻唑锌）悬浮剂、可杀得1 01、1．8％辛菌胺防治效果其次,且这5种药剂之间药效差异不显著。     

The Yangtze River dolphin or baiji (Lipotes vexillifer): population status and conservation issues in the Yangtze River,China

• 1. Baiji were sighted 17 times during three recent simultaneous multi‐vessel surveys in the Yangtze River, China (November 4–10, 1997; December 4–9, 1998; October 31–November 5, 1999). There were 11 sightings in 1997 (consisting of 17 animals), five in 1998 (seven animals), and two in 1999 (four animals). It was concluded that 13 individuals could be considered as a minimum number of the baiji currently in the Yangtze River.
• 2. An annual rate of population decrease was roughly estimated as 10%. From the body sizes observed, the proportions of old, adult and immature individuals were approximately estimated at 57, 26, and 17% respectively.
• 3. Baiji showed a significant attraction to confluences and sand bars with large eddies. The present distribution range of the baiji is less than 1400 km in length in the Yangtze main river. Distances between the two nearest groups of baiji appear to be increasing.
• 4. Two typical sightings are described, in which surfacing and movements of baiji were recorded. Baiji were often found swimming together with finless porpoise. In the surveys they occurred in the same group in 63% of occurrences. Interactions between baiji and finless porpoise are described and discussed.
• 5. Human activities are the main threats to the baiji. Illegal electrical fishing accounted for 40% of known mortalities during the 1990s. Engineering explosions for maintaining navigation channels have become another main cause of baiji deaths. The last hope of saving the species may be to translocate the remaining baiji into a semi‐captive reserve, known as the ‘Baiji Semi‐natural Reserve’.

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海南省琼中县橡胶园土壤磷素空间变异特征及磷肥分区管理分析

运用地统计学和GIS相结合对琼中县橡胶园土壤磷素营养进行了空间变异特征及分区管理研究。结果表明,琼中县胶园各土层土壤全磷和有效磷含量的最大相关距离是17.23~52.09 km,全磷含量以大块状变异为主,有效磷含量各等级的分布为大、小块状交叉分布;琼中县橡胶园0~20 cm土层、20~40 cm土层全磷含量处于第五等级的极低水平的比例分别为91.22%和82.8%,0~20 cm土层有效磷含量多数处于中等偏上水平,而20~40 cm土层有效磷含量处于第5等级及以下的极低水平的比例为60.6%;应用空间叠加方法,进行了橡胶园土壤磷素管理分区,琼中县胶园可分为11个管理分区,在胶园施肥管理中应根据不同管理分区的特点采取不同的磷素营养管理措施。