无公害饲料预混剂及中草药在乳牛生产上的应用试验效果

40头产乳牛,10头一组,随机分为无公害预混剂＋中草药组（1组）、无公害预混剂组（2组）、中草药组（3组）和对照组。试验30天,结果表明：①无公害预混剂具有明显促进产乳增长作用,试验末期比初期（1、2组平均）产乳增长13．54％、料乳比下降11．93％、饲料成本下降10．69％,而无预混剂组（3组和对照组平均）依次为-22．39％、-28,87％、-30．3％（p〈0．01）;②中草药具有改善牛乳品质作用,中草药组（3组）牛乳总固体12．7％、乳蛋白3．0％、乳脂肪3．5％,分别比未加中草药组（对照组）高1．1（p〈0．01）、0．3（p〈0．05）和0．2（p〉0．05）个百分点;每千克牛乳中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn含量,加中草药的1组分别比未加中草药组的2组高0．0152mg（p〈0．05）、0．243mg（p〉0．05）、-0．014mg（p〉0．05）和1．15lmg（p〈0．05）;加中草药组的3组分别比对照组高0．0179mg（p〈0．05）、0．72mg（p〉0．05）、0．0492mg（p〈0．05）和0．287mg（p〉0．05）．     

Isolation,Identification and Genotyping of Pasteurella multocida from Fowl Cholera

In order to determine the suspected avian cholera pathogen and geneotypes, bacteria isolation technology was used to isolate and culture pathogenic bacteria, the isolated bacteria were identified by traditional methods and molecular biological methods. Geneotyping of the isolated bacteria were determined using PCR technology and gene sequence analysis. The results demonstrated that the isolated bacteria had typical culture characteristics of Pasteurella multocida (Pm),and the morphology of the colony, the characteristics of cell staining, the physiological and biochemical characteristics were consist with Pm; 457 bp fragment was amplified by PCR. Geneotyping results showed that only A primer amplified the target gene fragment of 1 050 bp, sequence analysis also showed that the isolated bacteria shared 97.6% to 100.0% sequence homology with reference strains, and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the isolated bacteria and A type Pm were in a branch.The experimental results indicated that the isolated bacteria was identified as capsular serotype A of Pm, the results provided reference for the prevention and control of fowl cholera.     

Dietary supplementation with Acanthopanax senticosus extract enhances gut health in weanling piglets

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) as a dietary additive on gut health in weanling piglets by examining diarrhea frequency, intestinal microbiota and morphology. A total of 96 Duroc× (Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets weaned at 21 days of age with an average initial body weight (BW) of 5.6 ± 0.4 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups with 4 duplicates of 8 piglets each. The piglets were fed basal diet to which had been added 0 or 1 g/kg of ASE, or 0.7 g/kg antibiotics, respectively. Fecal consistence was monitored twice daily and the frequency of diarrhea was calculated. On day 21 after the initiation of supplementation, 8 piglets were randomly selected from each treatment group (2 piglets per pen) and slaughtered. The jejunum, ileum, colon and cecum were then excised and fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution to determine villus height and crypt depth, after their contents were collected to determine microbiota. The results showed that dietary supplementation with ASE increased (P < 0.05) the density of bacterial populations that co-migrated with Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium lituseburens, but decreased (P < 0.05) those co-migrating with Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Ruminococcus forques, and E. coli O157:H7 in the PCR-DGGE profiling analysis when compared with the control group. The villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased (P < 0.05) by 14.8, 13.7 and 10.0%, while the crypt depth decreased (P < 0.05) by 17.9, 9.1 and 12.1%, respectively, in response to dietary ASE supplementation. Additionally dietary supplementation with ASE or an antibiotic decreased (P < 0.05) the frequency of diarrhea by 55.6 and 52.2%, respectively, compared with the control group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation with ASE could regulate the microbiota composition and maintain a normal morphology of gut mucosa in weanling piglets, thereby decreasing diarrhea that resulted from weaning stress.     

太湖鹅体尺测量及屠宰性能测定

对70日龄太湖鹅体尺及屠宰性能进行测定,并对相关参数进行相关性分析。结果表明,太湖鹅平均体斜长、龙骨长、胸深、胸宽、胫长、胫围、髋骨宽、半潜水长、颈长分别为26．23cm、12．03cm、10．31cm、9．94cm、8．42cm、4．38cm、6．01cm、49．08cm、35．85cm,除龙骨长、髋骨宽外,其它体尺指标公母间差异显著;平均屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率分别为87．84％、69．66％、78．31％、7．35％、18．74％,半净膛率、胸肌率公母间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,全净膛率公母间差异显著（P〈0．05）;体尺各指标间仅有半潜水长和髋骨宽呈负相关,屠宰性能各指标间存在高等或中等强度相关,胸肌重与胫长呈负相关。     

城市宠物饲养中存在的问题及对策——以河北邯郸城市为例

随着我国经济水平的发展和生活水平的提高,城市中饲养宠物的数量和种类急剧增加。本文以河北邯郸为例对城市宠物饲养的现状及存在的问题进行剖析研究,并提出了解决问题的对策和建议。     

实时光电微生物检测技术在乳品质控中的应用

对酸奶中的霉菌酵母菌同时采用实时光电微生物检测系统与国标法进行检测,分析比较两种检测方法所得的检测数据.本实验利用实时光电微生物检测系统的霉菌酵母检测试剂瓶对市售酸奶及阳性添加样品采用半定量的检测方法进行快速检测,能快速地检测到目标菌存在,继而给系统提前预警.结果表明,当霉菌酵母菌含量在10～3.5×105CFU/mL时,实时光电微生物检测方法在1.8～33h内预警.当平板计数法的检测结果小于10CFU/mL时,实时光电微生物检测方法的检测时间均大于33h,在仪器设置运行48h内未出现预警现象.实时光电微生物检测技术与国标平板法两种检测方法的检测结果相当吻合.应用实时光电微生物检测技术能快速便捷,对酸奶产品中霉菌酵母菌进行监测,其检测速度和灵敏度均能满足工厂实验室的快速筛选检测,还利于产品的关键控制点的监测.     

内蒙古红豆草黄萎病菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性

依照柯赫氏法则,利用形态学结合分子生物学的方法首次对内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市中国农科院草原研究所沙尔沁基地红豆草疑似黄萎病的病样进行分离和鉴定,利用蘸根接种法对病原菌的致病性进行测定.同时,首次在室内条件下对病菌的生物学特性,如生长最适温度、酸碱度以及碳源、氮源对病原菌生长速率和产孢量的影响进行了研究.结果表明,引起沙尔...     

肉种鸡鸡舍夏季通风降温试验

在两栋长145m，跨度5.4m的双坡式有窗封闭舍内，采用三层笼养方式分别饲养700只235日龄的艾维菌肉种鸡，将其中采用轴流式风机加湿帘纵向通风系统的一栋鸡舍作为试验组，而将另一栋采用窗户自然通风的鸡舍作为对照组，于夏季进行为期15d的试验，结果表明试验组与对照组的舍内温度在1d内明显不同，且舍外温度越高，试验组的舍内降温效果越好，相应地，试验组也减轻了肉种鸡的夏季热应激。     

不同生态型胡杨异形叶对虫害的抗氧化反应

圆形叶和披针形叶是成年胡杨(Populus euphratica)的两种叶片,本研究分析两种叶片遭受虫害时活性氧释放和抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,遭受虫害时两种叶片超氧阴离子(O-2.)的释放,过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量,以及过氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均有增加,但圆形叶抗氧化酶变化显著高于披针形叶,尤以POD最为显著。以上结果说明圆形叶比披针形叶能经受更严重的虫害胁迫。     

早开堇菜组织培养及植株再生体系的建立

以野生早开堇菜为材料,研究了不同外植体类型(子叶节、叶片、叶柄)和不同激素配比对其不定芽诱导、愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响,成功建立了早开堇菜组织培养植株再生体系。结果表明,1) 诱导子叶节和叶柄不定芽诱导的最适培养基为 MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,叶片不适合作为直接诱导不定芽的外植体。2) 3种外植体均能诱导愈伤组织,子叶节愈伤组织诱导的时间最短,其次为叶柄,叶片最晚。子叶节和叶柄愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D,诱导率分别为98.3%和96.7%;叶片愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.05 mg/L NAA,诱导率可达88.3%。3) 最适愈伤组织分化培养基为:MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,分化率为100%。4)不定芽增殖的最佳培养基为:MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.075 mg/L NAA,增殖率为4.68。 5)再生苗移植到添加1.0 mg/L 6-BA的1/2 MS培养基上,生根率92.3%。6)组培苗移栽到珍珠岩∶河沙∶腐殖质(1∶2∶2)的混合基质时,100%成活,且植株长势好。