全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17874篇 |
免费 | 31篇 |
国内免费 | 26篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 3744篇 |
农学 | 1424篇 |
基础科学 | 154篇 |
3142篇 | |
综合类 | 964篇 |
农作物 | 2276篇 |
水产渔业 | 1825篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 1277篇 |
园艺 | 1184篇 |
植物保护 | 1941篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 47篇 |
2021年 | 76篇 |
2020年 | 74篇 |
2019年 | 83篇 |
2018年 | 2794篇 |
2017年 | 2747篇 |
2016年 | 1260篇 |
2015年 | 166篇 |
2014年 | 105篇 |
2013年 | 158篇 |
2012年 | 907篇 |
2011年 | 2197篇 |
2010年 | 2200篇 |
2009年 | 1349篇 |
2008年 | 1408篇 |
2007年 | 1639篇 |
2006年 | 80篇 |
2005年 | 115篇 |
2004年 | 111篇 |
2003年 | 153篇 |
2002年 | 63篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1936年 | 2篇 |
1928年 | 2篇 |
1863年 | 1篇 |
1860年 | 1篇 |
1857年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
PCB removal,soil enzyme activities,and microbial community structures during the phytoremediation by alfalfa in field soils 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Chen Tu Ying Teng Yongming Luo Xianghui Sun Shaopo Deng Zhengao Li Wuxing Liu Zhihong Xu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(4):649-656
Purpose
An in situ phytoremediation trial was developed in order to investigate the function of alfalfa during a 2-year bioremediation of an agricultural soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The study was conducted with the aim to better understand the application potential of PCB phytoremediation at field scale. 相似文献102.
Integrated evaluation of different electromagnetic impacts on biological properties of soils in southern Russia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. V. Denisova K. Sh. Kazeev S. I. Kolesnikov V. F. Val’kov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2011,44(11):1269-1273
An integral estimation of the effect of γ radiation at doses of 1, 5, 10, and 20 kGy, microwave radiation of 800 W, and an
alternating magnetic field of industrial frequency (50 Hz) on biological properties of soils in southern Russia was performed
on the basis of the integral index of the biological soil status (IIBSS). By the degree of resistance to an alternating magnetic
field estimated from the IIBSS value, the soils of southern Russia formed the following series: brown forest soil > chernozem
≥ soddy-calcareous soil ≥ gray sandy soil. By the resistance to microwave radiation estimated from the IIBSS value, the soils
formed the following series: gray sandy soil > chernozem > chestnut soil ≥ brown forest soil. 相似文献
103.
Katriina Kyllönen Hannele Hakola Heidi Hellén Markku Korhonen Matti Verta 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(3):1171-1182
Total gaseous mercury (TGM) fluxes from the forest floor and a boreal wetland were measured by a flux chamber technique coupled
with an automatic mercury vapour analyser. The fluxes were measured at three sampling sites in southern Finland, 61°14′ N,
25°04′ E in summer 2007, with additionally in situ TGM concentrations in the air at one of the sites and mercury bulk deposition
at another. Most of the flux data were collected during the daytime. At one of the sites, diurnal flux behaviour was studied,
and a clear cycle with an afternoon maximum and a night minimum was observed. The highest emissions (up to 3.5 ng m−2 h−1) were observed at the forest floor site having a moss and grass cover. At the wetland and litter-rich forest floor sites,
the emissions were below 1 ng m−2 h−1 and sometimes negative (down to −1.0 ng m−2 h−1), indicating mercury uptake. The measured average fluxes in August were 0.9 ± 1.1 and 0.2 ± 0.3 ng m−2 h−1 for the forest floor sites and wetland sites, respectively. The flux data were compared with the mercury bulk deposition,
which proved to be of the same magnitude, but opposite in sign. At the mossy forest floor site, the extrapolated TGM emissions
were 130% of the Hg deposition in August 2007. Comparison with other studies showed that the fluxes in background areas are
relatively uniform, regardless of measurement site location and method used. Airborne TGM remained at the background level
during the study, with an average value of 1.3 ± 0.2 ng m−3; it frequently showed a diurnal cycle pattern. 相似文献
104.
Kai Wang Zhiqiang Zhu Huagang Huang Tingqiang Li Zhenli He Xiaoe Yang Ashok Alva 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(4):556-564
Purpose
Soil contamination by multiple organic and inorganic contaminants is common but its remediation by hyperaccumulator plants is rarely reported. The growth of a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii and removal of contaminants from Cd and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) co-contaminated soil were reported in this study. 相似文献105.
Soon-An Ong Li-Ngee Ho Yee-Shian Wong Komalathevi Raman 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(4):1615-1623
Combinations of sequential anaerobic and aerobic process enhance the treatment of textile wastewater. The aim of this study
was to investigate the treatment of diazo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5)-containing wastewater using granular activated carbon
(GAC)–biofilm sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as an integration of aerobic and anaerobic process in a single reactor. The GAC–biofilm
SBR system demonstrated higher removal of COD, RB5 and aromatic amines. It was observed that the RB5 removal efficiency improved
as the concentration of co-substrate in the influent increased. The alternative aeration introduced into the bioreactor enhanced
mineralization of aromatic amines. Degradation of RB5 and co-substrate followed second-order kinetic and the constant (k
2) values for COD and RB5 decreased from 0.002 to 0.001 and 0.004 to 0.001 l/mg h, respectively, as the RB5 concentration increased
from 100 to 200 mg/l in the GAC–biofilm SBR system. 相似文献
106.
Sampson Agyin-Birikorang George A. O’Connor John E. Erickson 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1881-1900
Commercial fertilizer (particularly nitrogen) costs account for a substantial portion of the total production costs of cellulosic biomass and can be a major obstacle to biofuel production. In a series of greenhouse studies, we evaluated the feasibility of co-applying Gibberellins (GA) and reduced nitrogen (N) rates to produce a bioenergy crop less expensively. In a preliminary study, we determined the minimum combined application rates of GA and N required for efficient biomass (sweet sorghum, Sorghum bicolor) production. Co-application of 75 kg ha?1 (one-half of the recommended N rate for sorghum) and a modest GA rate of 3 g ha?1 optimized dry matter yield (DMY) and N and phosphorus (P) uptake efficiencies, resulting in a reduction of N and P leaching. Organic nutrient sources such as manures and biosolids can be substituted for commercial N fertilizers (and incidentally supply P) to further reduce the cost of nutrient supply for biomass production. Based on the results of the preliminary study, we conducted a second greenhouse study using sweet sorghum as a test bioenergy crop. We co-applied organic sources of N (manure and biosolids) at 75 and 150 kg PAN ha?1 (representing 50 and 100% N rate respectively) with 3 g GA ha?1. In each batch of experiment, the crop was grown for 8 wk on Immokalee fine sand of minimal native fertility. After harvest, sufficient water was applied to soil in each pot to yield ~1.5 L (~0.75 pore volume) of leachate, and analyzed for total N and soluble reactive P (SRP). The reduced (50%) N application rate, together with GA, optimized biomass production. Application of GA at 3 g ha?1, and the organic sources of N at 50% of the recommended N rate, decreased nutrient cost of producing the bioenergy biomass by ~$375 ha?1 (>90% of total nutrient cost), and could reduce offsite N and P losses from vulnerable soils. 相似文献
107.
Yaying Li Juan Wang Fuxiao Pan Stephen James Chapman Huaiying Yao 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(5):1472-1480
Purpose
Soil microorganisms are important in the cycling of plant nutrients. Soil microbial biomass, community structure, and activity are mainly affected by carbon substrate and nutrient availability. The objective was to test if both the overall soil microbial community structure and the community-utilizing plant-derived carbon entering the soil as rhizodeposition were affected by soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) availability.Materials and methods
A 13C-CO2 steady-state labeling experiment was conducted in a ryegrass system. Four soil treatments were established: control, amendment with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), amendment with ammonium nitrate (NF), combined CMC and NF. Soil phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and 13C labeling PLFA were extracted and detected by isotope ratio mass spectrometer.Results and discussion
The combined CMC and NF treatment with appropriate C/N ratio (20) significantly enhanced soil microbial biomass C and N, but resulted in lower soil inorganic N concentrations. There was no significant difference in soil PLFA profile pattern between different treatments. In contrast, most of the 13C was distributed into PLFAs 18:2ω6,9c, 18:1ω7c, and 18:1ω9c, indicative of fungi and gram-negative bacteria. The inorganic-only treatment was distinct in 13C PLFA pattern from the other treatments in the first period of labeling. Factor loadings of individual PLFAs confirmed that gram-positive bacteria had relatively greater plant-derived C contents in the inorganic-only treatment, but fungi were more enriched in the other treatments.Conclusions
Amendments with CMC can improve N transformation processes, and the ryegrass rhizodeposition carbon flux into the soil microbial community is strongly modified by soil N availability.108.
Yong Wang Shuqing Gao Cuilan Li Jinjing Zhang Lichun Wang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(7):1849-1857
Purpose
Under a global warming scenario, understanding the response of soil organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability to temperature increases is important not only for better understanding and maintaining relevant ecosystem services like soil fertility and crop productivity, but also for understanding key environmental processes intimately related with the maintenance of other regulatory ecosystem services like global climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. An increase in temperature would accelerate the mineralization of soil organic carbon. However, the properties of organic carbon remained in soil after mineralization is not well known.Materials and methods
Mollisol was collected at 0–20-cm depth from maize (Zea mays L.) field in Northeast China. A 180-day incubation experiment was conducted at three different temperatures (10, 30, and 50 °C) under constant soil moisture (60 % water holding capacity). Soil samples were assayed for total organic carbon (TOC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), humic fractions carbon, aggregate-associated carbon, and water stability of aggregates. Elemental analysis and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize humic acid and humin fractions.Results and discussion
The contents of soil TOC, EOC, humic fractions carbon, and aggregate-associated carbon decreased with the increase in temperature. The proportion of 2–0.25-mm macroaggregate and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates also decreased. The C, H, N, S, alkyl C, and O-alkyl C contents of humic acid and humin decreased, whereas the O, aromatic C, and carbonyl C contents increased. The H/C, aliphatic C/aromatic C, and O-alkyl C/aromatic C ratios in humic acid and humin fractions decreased.Conclusions
The increase in temperature has a negative impact on soil organic carbon content, soil aggregation, and aggregate stability. Moreover, humic acid and humin molecules become less aliphatic and more decomposed with the increase in temperature.109.
Mario Augusto Pagnotta Linda Mondini Pasquale Codianni Clara Fares 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(3):299-310
Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank, 2n = 4x = 28) consists in a hulled wheat; its cultivation has been drastically reduced during the last century as a consequence of
its low yield. Recently, its agronomic and nutritive values, as well as the increase of popularity of organic agriculture,
have led to a renewed interest making its cultivation economically viable in the marginal lands with an increase of the cultivated
areas. In Italy, it mainly survives in few marginal lands of central and southern Italy, where local varieties, adapted to
the natural environment from where they originate, are used; moreover, some selected lines have also been developed. In the
present work, agro-morphological and qualitative traits, together with molecular analyses of 20 emmer accessions consisting
of Italian landraces, breeding lines, and cultivars, were performed. The field experiments were conducted for two consecutive
years (2001/2002–2002/2003) in two locations: Viterbo in central Italy, and Foggia in south Italy. The analyzed emmer wheat
accessions showed a good amount of genetic variability for both evaluated agro-morphological and molecular traits. This study
illustrates an increase in earliness, GY, TW, TKW, and YI going from landraces, breeding lines to cultivars, while the variability
does not change proportionally. 相似文献
110.
Nahla Bassil Kim E. Hummer Joseph D. Postman Gennaro Fazio Angela Baldo Isabel Armas Roger Williams 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(3):339-352
Heritage apple (Malus domestica Borkh. hybrids) and pear (Pyrus communis L. hybrid) trees grow in villages throughout Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal. Some of these pears have different names but similar morphology. The objective of this study was to determine synonymy, homology, and phylogeny of apples and pears from Terceira and to examine potential relationships of the island pears with standard apples and pears of Portuguese or American descent. Nine apple microsatellite markers were used to determine genetic relationships. Distance- and parsimony-based cluster analysis grouped these genotypes into separate apple and pear clades. The Terceira apples were divided into two clades: the maçā and the reineta-reinette. Among the 17 heritage apple genotypes, seven unique accessions were identified and four groups of synonyms, or possibly clones, were detected including: ‘Reineta Agosto’ and ‘Reineta Verde’ from Altares; ‘Reineta Castanha’ and ‘Reineta Verde Miuda’; ‘Maçā Pêra,’ ‘Maçā Calhau’, ‘Pêro Branco’ from Salga and from Terra-Chā and ‘Maçā Marmelo’; and the five genotypes ‘Maçā Sao Joao’, ‘Malápio Rosa’, ‘Maçā Gaspar’, ‘Maçā Branca’ and ‘Maçā Pato’. In addition, two homonyms were detected. ‘Pêro Vermelho’ from Terra Chā was a separate genotype from a tree from Doze Ribeiras of the same name, but Pêro Branco from Terra Chā appears to be a clone that can be distinguished by an additional allele at CH1F07a from a tree with that name from Salga. One pair of apple clones, ‘Reineta Agosto’ and ‘Reineta Verde’ from Altares appear to be derived from an unreduced gamete of ‘Golden Delicious.’ Another apple genotype ‘Maçā Acida’ could be a sibling of the ‘Maçā Pêra’ clonal group. Other tested standard apples from the US genebank were unrelated to Terceira genotypes. Of the seven heritage pears, five unique genotypes and one pair of synonyms were detected. ‘Pêra Papo Pintassilgo’ from Raminho and ‘Pêra Vermelha’ from the nursery of Serviço de Desenvolvimento Agario da Terceira (SDAT) were synonyms. ‘Passans du Portugal’ was related to ‘Pêra Cabaca’ but other standard pears from the US genebank were unrelated to Terceira genotypes. Future studies will include additional apple and pear cultivars from other Islands of the Azores and continental Portugal, and wild Asian species to further explore genetic relationships. 相似文献