内毒素对仔鸡血浆SOD活性及MDA水平的影响

为了探讨大肠埃希菌O55∶B5的内毒素(LPS)对仔鸡的损伤机理,将168只仔鸡随机分成4组(n=42),即对照组,100 mg/kgLPS组,200 mg/kg LPS组,300 mg/kg LPS组。灌服内毒素后,分别于2,4,8,12,24,48 h和72 h处死鸡(各时间点均为6只),测定血浆SOD活性和MDA浓度。结果表明,与对照组相比,各剂量组鸡血浆SOD活性均明显降低,MDA含量均明显升高(P<0.05)。且各剂量组之间SOD活性随攻毒剂量的增加而降低,随时间的延长先降低后升高;MDA含量随攻毒剂量的增加而升高,随时间的延长先升高后降低。表明一定量内毒素能诱发鸡体内氧自由基的产生,显著降低机体中SOD的活性和提高MDA的含量。     

树木提取液抑制白蚁的效能试验

通过26种树木的不同提取液室内制剂筛选试验,从中筛选出灭蚁活性较强的树木提取液,分别配制9种单剂,在小型试验基础上优选配方,结合植物资源等因素,研制成环保型灭白蚁粉剂。用该粉剂在厦门、福州的公园中进行防治树木白蚁的药效试验,结果表明:处理后10 d的防效为76%~100%,处理后20 d的防效为81%~100%,处理后30 d的防效为100%,并且施药9个月后检查仍能持效。     

5-氮胞苷对籼稻成熟胚愈伤组织生长和再分化的影响及诱变效应

用5-氮胞苷(5-azaC)处理籼型三系杂交水稻恢复系“明恢63”、“密阳46”和“特青2号”成熟胚诱导产生的愈伤组织,当5-azaC浓度为0.1mmol/L时,愈伤组织的增殖明显受抑;当5-azaC浓度达1.0mmol/L时,愈伤组织增殖率下降50%以上;5-azaC浓度提高到1.5mmol/L时,愈伤组织增殖率仅及对照的20%。分化阶段愈伤组织对5-azaC更敏感,当5-azaC的浓度为0.02mmol/L时,愈伤组织的再分化率明显下降,且随5-azaC浓度的增加,再分化率也显著下降,当5-azaC的浓度为0.2mmol/L时,各试验品种的愈伤组织的再分化力完全受抑,不能分化出幼苗。经5-azaC处理的愈伤组织再分化力也下降,但经预分化培养后分化力可恢复到较高水平。经5-azaC处理的愈伤组织再生植株产生了性状变异,出现了白化苗、矮秆、迟熟和早熟等变异体,当代的突变率为3.03%~5.31%。突变性状表现为单基因隐性突变,可稳定遗传。     

红肉猕猴桃果园管理技术概述

红肉猕猴桃是猕猴桃中的特色类群。红肉猕猴桃品种在消费市场需求旺盛,商业价值突出,商业栽培面积快速增加,但产业发展中的技术问题也日益突出。本文就红肉猕猴桃产业发展的基本环境和现状、果园生产的技术问题及解决方案等做一概述,以期为红肉猕猴桃产业健康持续发展提供建议。     

冬季绿肥对江西猕猴桃园土壤养分和果实品质的影响

为探讨不同绿肥对猕猴桃园土壤养分、产量和果实品质的影响,在江西猕猴桃园间作冬季绿肥,设置自然生草(CK)、箭筈豌豆(VS)、肥田萝卜(RS)、油菜(BN)、毛叶苕子(VV)和黑麦草(LP)6个处理,盛花期前测产并翻压,连续两年测定果实成熟期各处理土壤养分,翻压次年测定猕猴桃产量和果实品质。结果表明:(1)各绿肥处理均可显著提高土壤养分和pH,随时间推移呈下降趋势,0～20 cm土层土壤以LP、VS、VV培肥效果较全面,20～40 cm土层土壤以BN、VV、VS培肥效果较好;(2)各绿肥处理可显著提高果实单果重6.65%～10.75%,降低果实可滴定酸含量5.94%～18.81%,VS、VV果实可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸含量最高,分别为16.67%、16.23%和181.55、176.99 mg/g,较CK分别提高了24.40%、21.12%和13.77%、10.91%,果实干物质、可溶性糖含量以VS(19.31%、17.75%)和LP(19.01%、14.90%)最高,较CK分别提高了26.62%、66.04%和24.66%、39.38%;(3)综合各绿肥处理对土壤养分、产量和果实品质等方面的因素,江西‘红阳’猕猴桃园间作并翻压以VS最佳,VV和LP次之,且二者效果相当。     

栀子几个主要数量性状的相互关系研究

以孝感市孝南区西河镇的成年栀子林为试材,对栀子的6个数量性状进行了相关分析、通径分析和主成分分析。结果表明:单株果数和单位面积产量,应作为丰产栽培选择的重要性状;树高和冠幅主要是通过单株果数来影响单株产量,在生产中要注意协调好树高、冠幅和单株果数的关系;单果重也可适当考虑。     

木薯抗细菌性枯萎病生理特性研究

[目的]探讨木薯抗细菌性枯萎病的生理特性,为木薯抗细菌性枯萎病品种选育提供依据.[方法]以木薯品种新选048为试验材料,采用桶栽方式室外种植木薯,在木薯苗期和块根形成期以针刺法接种细菌性枯萎病病原菌,以不接种病原菌的木薯叶片为对照,分别于接种后7和14 d采样测定脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量及过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,对比分析人工接种侵染后发病叶与健康叶的生理指标差异.[结果]细菌性枯萎病病原菌接种侵染后,木薯发病叶片的Pro含量及POD、PPO和CAT活性均高于对照.苗期接种7和14 d后,接种病原菌叶片的Pro含量分别较对照极显著提高83.3%和112.5%(P<0.01,下同),块根形成期接种7和14 d后,接种病原菌叶片的Pro含量分别较对照极显著提高110.2%和120.2%;苗期和块根形成期接种14 d后,接种病原菌叶片的MDA含量分别较对照显著降低30.9%和17.9%(P<0.05,下同),POD活性分别较对照极显著提高66.7%和96.4%,PPO活性分别较对照显著提高43.1%和30.4%,CAT活性分别较对照显著提高31.2%和28.9%.苗期和块根形成期2次接种侵染后发病叶片的可溶性糖含量、SOD活性和PAL活性多无显著差异(P>0.05).[结论]木薯叶片的Pro和MDA含量及POD、PPO和CAT活性与木薯抗细菌性枯萎病有密切关系,这些指标可作为木薯抗细菌性枯萎病评价的生理指标.     

Screening of antagonistic Trichoderma strains and their application for controlling stalk rot in maize

Maize is one of the major crops in China, but maize stalk rot occurs nationwide and has become one of the major challenges in maize production in China. In order to find an environment-friendly and feasible technology to control this disease, a Trichoderma-based biocontrol agent was selected. Forty-eight strains with various inhibition activities to Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium verticillioides were tested. A group of Trichoderma strains(DLY31, SG3403, DLY1303 and GDFS1009) were found to provide an inhibition rate to pathogen growth in vitro of over 70%. These strains also prevented pathogen infection over 65% and promoted the maize seedling growth for the main root in vivo by over 50%. Due to its advantage in antifungal activity against pathogens and promotion activity to maize, Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009 was selected as the most promising strain of the biocontrol agent in the Trichoderma spectrum. Pot experiments showed that the Trichoderma agent at 2–3 g/pot could achieve the best control of seedling stalk rot and promotion of maize seedling growth. In the field experiments, 8–10 g/hole was able to achieve over 65% control to stalk rot, and yield increased by 2–11%. In the case of natural morbidity, the control efficiency ranged from 27.23 to 48.84%, and the rate of yield increase reached 11.70%, with a dosage of Trichoderma granules at 75 kg ha~(-1). Based on these results, we concluded that the Trichoderma agent is a promising biocontrol approach to stalk rot in maize.     

Change features of time-series climate variables from 1962 to 2016 in Inner Mongolia,China

Detecting change features of climate variables in arid/semi-arid areas is essential for understanding related climate change patterns and the driving and evolution mechanism between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems.This paper takes Inner Mongolia of China,a unique arid/semi-arid ecosystem,as the study area.We first detected trend features of climate variables using the linear trend analysis method and then detected their trend-shift features using the breaks for additive seasonal and trend method based on the time-series of monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature datasets from 1962 to 2016.We analyzed the different change features of precipitation and temperature on a regional scale and in different ecological zones to discover the spatial heterogeneity of change features.The results showed that Inner Mongolia has become warmer-wetter during the past 54 years.The regional annual mean temperature increased 0.4°C per decade with a change rate of 56.2%.The regional annual precipitation increased 0.07 mm per decade with a slightly change rate of about 1.7%,but the trend was not statistically significant.The warmer trend was contributed by the same positive trend in each season,while the wetter trend was contributed by the negative trend of the summer precipitation and the positive trend of the other three seasons.The regional monthly precipitation series had a trend-shift pattern with a structural breakpoint in the year 1999,while the regional monthly mean temperature series showed an increasing trend without a periodical trend-shift.After the year 2000,the warmer-wetter trend of the climate in Inner Mongolia was accelerated.The late 20th century was a key period,because the acceleration of the wetter trend in some local zones(I and II)and the alleviation of the warmer trend in some local zones(Ⅶ,Ⅷand IX)occurred simultaneously.Moreover,the change features had a strong spatial heterogeneity,the southeastern and southwestern of Inner Mongolia went through a warmer-drier trend compared with the other areas.The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the climate change features is a necessary background for various types of research,such as regional climate change,the evolution of arid/semi-arid ecosystems,and the interaction mechanisms between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems based on earth-system models in Inner Mongolia.     

我国饲草重大病虫鼠害研究进展

为全面了解我国饲草重大病虫鼠害分布和危害,充分掌握其传播扩散规律及其造成的重大经济损失,我们系统分析了我国饲草病害、虫害、鼠害等生物灾害危害情况,总结了国内外饲草病虫鼠害防控现状与研究进展,提出了饲草重大生物灾害的防控对策,为保障饲草产业和草牧业健康发展提供理论支撑。此外,本文还总结了我国饲草病虫鼠害的防控难题,为今后饲草病虫鼠害的研究提供了方向。