蛋鸡龙骨损伤及其对蛋鸡福利影响的研究进展

龙骨损伤是福利和健康受损的主要表现之一.文章从蛋鸡生产的角度出发,阐述了蛋鸡龙骨损伤的概况、蛋鸡龙骨损伤的研究现状及其对蛋鸡福利状况的影响,旨在呼吁重视蛋鸡龙骨损伤现象,促进蛋鸡产业的健康可持续发展.     

德国可再生能源发展的借鉴与启示

近年来,可再生能源逐渐成为世界各国关注的热点,并成为各国应对气候变化以及生态环境保护的共同选择,其在经济发展以及维护生态环境中开始被重视起来.德国能源转型的成功已经成为欧美国家中的典范,为此农业农村部科技教育司组团赴德国参加"农业废弃物资源化利用和农村清洁能源综合利用技术"培训项目,笔者结合培训内容和实地考察形成该篇文...     

一种丹参新病害的病原菌鉴定及致病力测定

调查发现河北省安国市丹参生产区发生一种丹参新病害.为有效防治该病害,开展了丹参新病害病原菌分离鉴定及致病力测定.采用常规组织分离法,从丹参病株中分离并单孢纯化获得15个真菌分离物.柯赫氏法则证明这15个真菌分离物可造成丹参组培苗表现与田间病株相似症状,并分离获得了与丹参病株初分离物菌落形态相同的真菌菌株.显微观察发现1...     

鄂尔多斯市主要农业气象灾害及气象服务措施

结合鄂尔多斯市农业生产实际,重点分析了主要气象灾害及其对农业生产的影响,并提出了气象服务措施,以增强农作物产量和品质,提升农民收入水平。     

Effects of different molecular weights of chitosan on methane production and bacterial community structure in vitro

As a new feed additive, chitosan has been shown in recent years to have a certain role in reducing methane emissions from the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants. However, the effects of chitosan with different molecular weights on rumen fermentation, methane production and bacterial community structure are not yet clear. A basal diet without chitosan served as the control(CTL), and the treatment diets were supplemented with chitosan with different molecular weights: 1 000(1K), 3 000(3K), 5 000(5K), 50 000(5W) and 200 000(20W) dry matter(DM). Six fermentation units per treatment were established. Gas chromatography was used to measure the concentrations of methane, H_2 and volatile fatty acids(VFAs). The bacterial 16S rRNA genes were sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq platform and analysed to reveal the relative abundances of bacterial community taxa. The results showed that the propionate proportion was significantly increased by the addition of chitosan with different molecular weights(P0.05), while methane production and the acetate proportion were significantly decreased(P0.05). The relative abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 were significantly increased in the 3K chitosan group compared with the CTL group, whereas the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group was significantly decreased(P0.05). Correlation analyses of the relative abundances of the bacterial genera showed that Prevotella was positively related to propionate production(P0.05). In conclusion, 3K chitosan could reduce methane production by replacing fibrolytic bacteria(Firmicutes and Fibrobacteres) with amylolytic bacteria(Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) in the bacterial community structure.     

柑桔黄龙病三种媒介昆虫的研究进展

柑桔木虱是传播世界毁灭性病害柑桔黄龙病的唯一虫媒,因此,科学合理防治柑桔木虱是治理柑桔黄龙病的关键措施之一。本文系统概述了柑桔上3种木虱的生物学特性、发生和扩散规律、与柑桔黄龙病的互作及传毒机制等方面的研究进展,以期为柑桔木虱的合理防治提供参考,为柑桔黄龙病的综合治理提供理论依据和借鉴。     

Mouse melanoma cell exosomes promote expression of Rac1 protein in fibroblasts

AIM To investigate the effect of exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma cells on the expression of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) protein in fibroblasts. METHODS Ultracentrifugation was adopted to separete exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells. The morphological structure of exosomes was observed by negative-staining electron microscopy. The size distribution of exosomes was determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The exosomal markers, tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Tyrp2), were identified by Western blot. Laser confocal microscopy was used to observe the process that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) took in exosomes during co-culture. Immunocytochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Rac1 protein in MEF. RESULTS B16-F10 cell exosomes showed a typical tea tray-like structure, with a size range of 141~255 nm, and expressed protein markers Tsg101 and Tyrp2. The results of laser confocal microscopy showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, a small number of exosomes appeared in the MEF at 12 h, and a large number of exosomes accumulated in the MEF after co-cultured for 24 and 36 h. Western blot analysis showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, the expression of Rac1 protein in the MEF was significantly increased at 24 h and 36 h of co-culture (P<0.01). The results of immunocytochemical staining showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, the positive expression level of Rac1 in the MEF cells was significantly increased at 12 h, 24 h and 36 h of co-culture (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Intake of exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma cells promotes the expression of Rac1 protein in fibroblasts.     

潮汐灌溉模式下不同营养液对辣椒幼苗生长的影响

为了培育辣椒壮苗,在潮汐灌溉模式下筛选适合辣椒穴盘育苗的营养液,探讨不同营养液在辣椒穴盘育苗上应用的可行性,以国塔166为试材,以草炭、蛭石（体积比3∶1）为栽培基质,进行试验研究。试验采用6种营养液配方,通过测定株高、茎粗、干鲜质量、壮苗指数、叶绿素含量、光合参数、根系活力、根系形态等指标,筛选最优营养液配方。结果表明：Arnon和Hoagland 番茄配方处理辣椒幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上鲜质量、地上干质量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、壮苗指数、根尖数等指标均最高,其中壮苗指数分别较日本山崎番茄、Hoagland和Arnon、华南农业大学、Rothamsted、日本山崎甜椒配方高出44.44%、62.50%、30.00%、116.67%、62.50%。综上可知,Arnon和Hoagland 番茄配方是潮汐灌溉模式下辣椒穴盘育苗的最佳配方。     

适宜山东菏泽地区种植的全株青贮玉米品种筛选试验

山东省菏泽市及周边地区玉米种植广泛,全株玉米青贮用于养殖牛羊越来越多,为选择出高产优质全株青贮玉米品种,采取随机区组设计,从多个玉米品种中选择7个进行种植试验,对各品种收获期、株高、鲜重、干重、粗蛋白质含量等生产性能和营养指标进行测定。从筛选试验结果来看,渝青386号植株高大、双果穗多、果穗饱满,抗逆性好,可消化营养物质含量高,干物质产量达到18402.67 kg·hm^-2,收割时粗蛋白质含量为8.59%,适合菏泽市及周边地区青贮玉米种植。玉米品种奥玉5102号、先禾518号和大京九4059号也相对较好。     

饲粮中霉菌毒素快速检测技术研究现状及发展方向

霉菌毒素的污染广泛存在,对饲料和粮食造成严重危害,给食品和农业造成巨大的经济损失,因此对霉菌毒素的监管也越来越得到重视。传统霉菌毒素检测方法虽然有着良好的重现性和准确度,但存在试验周期较长,实验过程相对复杂等缺点。霉菌毒素快速检测技术因检测较为快速、灵敏,且检测成本相对较低,实验过程简捷等特点,越来越被市场关注。文章就应用较为广泛的胶体金酶联免疫层析快速检测技术进行比较评价。