涉农高职院校产业帮扶助力乡村振兴实践和启示——以杨凌职业技术学院帮扶陕西省G村为例

近年来,杨凌职业技术学院通过技术培训、产业共建、消费扶贫等方式,在完善产业帮扶顶层设计、发挥高校智力优势打造产业综合体、利用体量优势开展消费帮扶的基础上,不断推进陕西省G村食用菌和中蜂养殖产业的发展,在培育乡村发展内生动力、厚植乡村振兴人才资源等方面发挥了积极作用。由此形成了一套具有一定借鉴意义的经验和启示：一是高校产业帮扶须统筹科技、人才、资金等力量同步进行,聚力构建村域经济可循环产业链,夯实其产业基础,帮扶其产业升级;二是注重在乡村振兴过程中不断改变群众思想观念,提升群众技术技能,提高其自我发展的“造血”功能。     

香蕉MaSULTR3家族成员的全基因组鉴定与不同温度下表达模式分析

利用生物信息学分析法对香蕉MaSULTR3基因家族成员进行全基因组鉴定、蛋白特性分析、分子进化树分析、启动子顺式作用元件分析以及低温胁迫下叶片转录组的FPKM值分析;其后,利用基因组数据结合RT-PCR方法克隆了'天宝蕉'(Musa spp.,AAA Group)组培苗MaSULTR3.1-2基因的ORF序列;最后,利...     

The protection of the hepatic ischemic preconditioning is concerned with the NO/ET-1 system

AIM: To study the relationship between the disturbance of nitric oxide/endothelin-1(NO/ET-1) and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury as well as the regulation of NO/ET-1 system by hepatic ischemic preconditioning(IPC). METHODS: The changes of NO/ET-1 system and their relationship with hepatic I/R injury were compared between I/R group and IPC+I/R group in a rat hepatic I/R model. Two hours after reperfusion, the liver tissues were detected by RT-PCR to see whether there was inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. RESULTS:In the acute phase of hepatic reperfusion, the ratio of NO/ET-1 was reduced, which was due to a significant reduction of NO₂^-/NO₃^- (the metabolic product of NO) and significant elevation of ET-1 in the blood plasma. The content of ALT, AST, LDH and TNF-α in blood plasma, and of MDA in liver tissue were increased but ATP in liver tissue was reduced, the hepatic damage was deteriorated. The protection of the hepatic IPC was concerned with the elevation of the ratio of NO/ET-1 caused by the elevation of NO₂^-/NO₃^-, and reduction of ET-1 as well. There was no iNOS mRNA detected in the liver tissues.CONCLUSION: Hepatic I/R injury is related to the disturbance of NO/ET-1. The protection of the hepatic IPC in the acute phase might be conducted by its regulation of NO/ET-1 system. The cNOS rather than the iNOS generated the NO in this situation.     

Histopathological observation of cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the mouse with synthetic vascular dementia

AIM:To observe pathomorphological changes in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the mouse with synthetic vascular dementia.METHODS:The synthetic vascular dementia model was produced in the mouse. Animals were killed 7 d, 15 d, and 30 d after the operation, brain tissues were removed and embedded in paraffin. Section of 8μm thickness were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Nissl methods, and observed with light microscope.RESULTS:The cerebral cortex in the mouse became thinner on the seventh day, karyopyknosis in partial nervous cells was formed, the number of local neurons was reduced, sieve structure was observed, and glial cells pro liferated, with the similar results 15 d and 30 d afteroperation.Model mouseπs hippocampal cells in CA₁ area were reduced and almost disappeared 30 d after operation.At the same time, glial cells were abundantly proliferated, tu bercles were formed.Cells in CA₂, CA₃ area were also reduced and hippocampal sclerosis occurred.CONCLUSION:Delayed necrosis of hippocampal pyramidal cells may be the pathological basis of ischemia cerebral vascular dementia.     

半滑舌鳎的性腺分化和温度对性别决定的影响

半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevisGünther)是近年来新开发的一种理想的增养殖对象,雌性个体生长速度比雄性快2～3倍。由于温度可影响多种鱼类的性腺分化,因而探索温度对该鱼的性别决定和性腺分化的影响,获得性逆转雄性亲本,用于培育全雌后代,具有重要的应用前景和经济效益。通过石蜡组织切片,对半滑舌鳎早期性腺分化进行组织学观察。发现在24℃饲养条件下,孵化后30 d半滑舌鳎性腺开始分化,其中具有裂隙的性腺原基未来发育为卵巢,而不具裂隙的原基未来发育为精巢。在孵化后25～100 d对半滑舌鳎进行不同温度(16℃、20℃、24℃、28℃、32℃)处理,在9月龄时利用石蜡组织切片鉴定表型性别,观察温度对性腺分化的影响,结果表明,28℃和32℃高温能显著提高群体中的雄性比例,使其分别达到69.2%和66.7%;而低温16℃和20℃对性腺分化影响不大,群体中雄性比例分别为56.5%和57.1%;24℃处理群体中雌雄个体比例接近1∶1。半滑舌鳎雌性特异的遗传性别鉴定技术也检测到高温和低温处理组出现了由基因型雌性向表型雄性逆转的雄性个体。这些结果表明温度影响了半滑舌鳎性腺分化方向。     

白足蚜小蜂对桃蚜的取食和寄生功能反应及搜寻效应

为评估白足蚜小蜂Aphelinus albipodus对桃蚜Myzus persicae的防控效果,在室内测定了白足蚜小蜂对不同发育阶段桃蚜的功能反应和搜寻效应,并对种内干扰和分摊竞争强度进行了比较。结果表明:白足蚜小蜂对不同发育阶段桃蚜的取食量和寄生量均随着蚜虫密度增加而增加,取食量和寄生功能反应均符合HollingⅡ模型。白足蚜小蜂对桃蚜的理论最大取食量2.809头,瞬时攻击率0.218,处理时间0.023 d;白足蚜小蜂对3～4日龄桃蚜寄生量最大,为47.62头,寄生瞬时攻击率0.723,处理时间0.021 d。搜寻效应均随蚜虫密度的增加而下降,且与蚜虫密度呈负相关。白足蚜小蜂个体之间存在种内干扰作用,随着自身密度增加,单头寄生率相对下降,分摊竞争强度增大,干扰效应符合Hassell-varley模型。由功能反应、种内干扰等指标可见白足蚜小蜂对桃蚜具有较好的防控作用。     

基于分期播种试验夏玉米延迟收获促进子粒灌浆和粒重增益效应

基于2019-2022年夏玉米播期试验资料,分析夏玉米生理成熟后延迟收获对子粒农艺性状改善、增产效应。结果表明,早播10 d至晚播20 d处理的有效灌浆结束日均比生理成熟期延后,子粒有效灌浆持续日数依次比其花后10 d至生理成熟期日数延长28～9 d,播期每推迟10 d延长日数减少6.3 d。子粒农艺性状有明显的改善,百粒重、穗粒重提高,子粒增产效应明显,理论产量增产率16.95%～7.66%,增产量1 960.36～681.51 kg/hm²,对照增产最多,比晚播10、20 d增产粮食多2.4～2.9倍。为华北地区提高气候资源利用效率和粮食生产提质增效提供参考。     

高校电子阅览室管理之我见

高校图书馆电子阅览室在服务于教学、科研以及提高大学生的网络素质教育方面发挥着重要作用,与传统阅览室相比数字化电子阅览室丰富了馆藏资源,提高了检索效率,扩大了读者服务范围,同时发展中也出现了新的问题：网络不良信息对部分读者的影响令人担忧;功能定位有待强化,工作人员管理水平与网络知识水平有待提高。本文就强化高校电子阅览室的管理与建设过程中的制度建设、如何有效发挥管理人员的主观能动性,加强技术手段管理和有效组织网络资源．优化电子阅览室文献与信息查询平台等方面进行了阐述。     

甘肃省河西走廊玉米品种的产量表现及农艺性状评价

通过对玉米品种农艺性状的分析,筛选出对产量影响最大的农艺性状和适宜在特定生态区种植的品种,为后续的品种推广和生态区种植提供理论基础。在2020、2021和2022年3个不同年份间分别种植16个玉米品种(L1～L16),对小区产量、株高等重要指标进行记载。方差分析结果可知,除穗长的品种与年份互作效应(L×Y)、穗行数和千粒重外,其余性状的品种效应(L)、品种与年份互作效应、年份效应(Y)均呈极显著差异(P<0.001)。GGE分析显示,L6(武农科1号)在酒泉市2020和2021年适应性最强,L10(五谷652)在酒泉市2022年的适应性最强;小区产量高且较为稳定的是L6(武农科1号)、L7(RF699)、L13(德圣358)等。相关性和主成分分析可知,小区产量与其余农艺性状之间均呈正相关。L6(武农科1号)、L7(RF699)、L13(德圣358)等品种的产量适应性和稳定性俱佳且其余农艺性状表现较优,适宜在本试验所选择的试点进行推广种植。     

紫外光诱导哈茨木霉产生对多菌灵抗药性的菌株

在含多菌灵药物培养基上,采用紫外光重复诱导处理的方法,对拮抗性哈茨木霉T24进行改良,选育出对多菌灵具有显著耐药性的菌株T24—4和T24—6。结果表明,多菌灵浓度为300mg·L^-1时,对突变菌株T24—4和T24—6的抑制率分别为9．4％和3．0％。同时两菌株对速克灵和甲基托布津也有交互抗性。经过菌和药协同作用研究发现：木霉菌T24—6菌剂与多菌灵重量配比为8：2时,协同抑菌率高达85．0％,明显高于分别单独使用T24—6和多菌灵的抑菌率（70．3％和69．6％）。分别用菌和药,药,菌1000倍稀释液进行草莓活体拮抗性测定,其对草莓灰霉病的防治效果分别为83．9％、67．9％和64．2％,进一步表明菌和药协同作用效果优势更明显。在使用木霉T24—6菌剂防治农作物病害时,添加少量的多菌灵,可降低植物病原菌的活性和侵染力,从而提高生防效果。