新铁炮百合花芽分化过程的形态学观察

 以新铁炮百合‘雷山’（Lilium formolongi‘Raizan’）为试材,利用石蜡切片和扫描电子显微技术,对百合花芽分化的过程进行了形态学观察。结果表明：‘雷山’低温贮藏期间鳞茎内顶端生长点尚未开始花芽分化,栽植后20～30d花芽分化开始进行,并在栽植后50～60d完成花芽分化,整个花芽分化过程约需40d。其分化进程可分为花芽未分化期、花芽分化初期、花序原基和小花原基分化期、花器官分化期、整个花序形成期五个时期。     

动物源性食品和环境中磺胺类药物及其代谢物检测的样品前处理技术研究进展

兽用磺胺类药物常添加到动物饲料中用来治疗疾病和促进生长,但不合理的用药会导致磺胺类药物在动物组织中残留,影响食品安全,从而损害人类健康。此外,磺胺类药物在人体及动物体内并不能完全被吸收,大部分以原型及代谢物形式随尿液及粪便排出体外,引起细菌耐药性等一系列问题。因此建立食品和环境中磺胺类药物及其代谢物的检测方法对于保障环境及食品安全,保护人们身体健康具有重要意义。目前,检测磺胺类药物及其代谢物以色谱和质谱等仪器分析方法为主。由于食品和环境中样品基质复杂,药物浓度偏低,所以,在仪器分析前需采取适当的样品前处理对目标物进行富集和纯化。近年来,微型化、无溶剂化、自动化成为样品前处理的发展趋势,作者介绍了固相萃取、固相微萃取、分散液液微萃取、中空纤维液相微萃取、基质固相分散、分子印迹、免疫亲和色谱、场辅助萃取、QuEChERS法、浊点萃取等前处理技术的原理、优缺点及应用,并对未来样品前处理发展方向作出展望,旨在为磺胺类药物及其代谢物的检测提供理论依据。     

鼠源重组UBC13蛋白对脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性炎症的影响

试验旨在探讨鼠源重组UBC13蛋白对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的小鼠急性炎症的影响。将24只SPF雌性小鼠随机分成4组:PBS组,LPS模型组,重组UBC13蛋白高、低剂量组(分别为100和25μg/只),每组6只。LPS模型组与各蛋白剂量组腹腔注射20 mg/kg LPS,PBS组腹腔注射等体积PBS;注射结束1 h后,各蛋白组按相应剂量背部皮下多点注射重组UBC13蛋白,PBS组与LPS模型组注射等体积PBS。给予蛋白24 h后处死小鼠。收集小鼠肺脏、脾脏、胸腺及肝脏组织,计算脏器指数,HE染色观察组织病理学变化,实时荧光定量PCR检测肺脏、脾脏、胸腺和肝脏中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA的相对表达量,以及肺脏中iNOS mRNA的相对表达量,综合评价鼠源重组UBC13蛋白对LPS诱导小鼠急性炎症的影响。结果显示,与PBS组相比,LPS模型组小鼠肺脏、脾脏及肝脏指数均显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),且肺脏、脾脏和肝脏组织均出现病理变化。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,与PBS组相比,LPS模型组肺脏、脾脏、胸腺和肝脏中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA相对表达量均极显著升高(P<0.01),肺脏中iNOS mRNA相对表达量也极显著升高(P<0.01);与LPS模型组相比,UBC13蛋白高剂量组肺脏、脾脏和肝脏中病理变化明显改善,肺脏、肝脏、脾脏中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6及肺脏中iNOS mRNA表达量均极显著降低(P<0.01);胸腺中TNF-αmRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05),IL-6 mRNA和IL-1β表达量极显著降低(P<0.01)。表明鼠源重组UBC13蛋白可下调炎性因子的表达,从而改善LPS诱导的小鼠急性炎症反应。     

猪PRLR和FSHβ基因多态性检测及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)和卵泡刺激素β(follicle-stimulating hormoneβ,FSHβ)基因的多态性及其与母猪繁殖性状的关联分析。采用PCR-RFLP方法对大白猪、杜洛克猪和长白猪3个猪种共487头母猪进行了PRLR和FSHβ基因多态性检验,并采用单因子方差分析、LSD法分析不同基因型与母猪总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶窝重和断奶窝仔数等繁殖性状的相关性。结果表明,PRLR基因在大白猪和长白猪中B等位基因均为优势基因,基因频率分别为0.717和0.548,大白猪BB基因型总产仔数显著高于AA基因型(P<0.05),长白猪BB基因型断奶窝重显著高于AB基因型(P<0.05);FSHβ基因在大白猪、杜洛克猪和长白猪3个猪种中B等位基因均为优势基因,基因频率分别为0.804、0.760和0.789,长白猪BB基因型总产仔数和产活仔数均显著高于AB基因型(P<0.05),呈现BB>AA>AB趋势。因此,PRLR和FSHβ基因对荣昌猪场母猪繁殖性能有一定影响,可作为母猪繁殖性能分子选育的候选参考基因。     

我国古代苜蓿物种考述

由于最早记载苜蓿的典籍没有明示其是紫花还是黄花,导致对我国古代苜蓿物种认识上存在分歧,目前大致有5种观点:一是古代苜蓿专指紫花苜蓿;二是南苜蓿;三是紫苜蓿与南苜蓿的合称;四是黄花苜蓿;五是不确定。本研究应用植物考据学原理,通过收集整理记载苜蓿植物生物学的典籍,结合近现代研究成果,考证苜蓿物种。研究表明,汉代从大宛国传入我国的苜蓿与紫花苜蓿的起源地相一致,并且唐代韩鄂《四时纂要》明确记载了苜蓿开紫花,主要分布在黄河流域,这与我国汉代苜蓿最初引种地相一致,在之后也有不少典籍同样记述了苜蓿开紫花,乃至苜蓿的生态生物学特性。可以确定,我国汉代引入的苜蓿应该是开紫花的苜蓿,即紫花苜蓿。宋梅尧臣和明李时珍记述的开黄花的苜蓿,至少说明在宋代和明代开黄花的苜蓿就在我国存在和被利用。据清《植物名实图考》记载,在古代我国有3种苜蓿被利用,即紫花苜蓿、南苜蓿和黄花苜蓿。     

酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子萌发的化感作用研究

为研究酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子萌发的化感效应,采用培养皿滤纸培养法,测定5种不同浓度的酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子发芽率、发芽势、简易活力指数、胚根和胚轴长度及根毛发育的影响。结果表明:香豆素处理对苜蓿种子萌发的影响最为明显,当其浓度增大至500mg/L,种子基本不萌发、表面发黑、腐烂严重。咖啡酸对苜蓿种子活力的影响与香豆素相似,表现出显著抑制效应,但抑制幅度较为平缓,高于0.5mg/L的香豆素处理和高于500mg/L的咖啡酸显著抑制苜蓿胚根生长。高于50mg/L的香豆素和咖啡酸处理对苜蓿种子的发芽率、发芽势、种子简易活力、根毛和胚轴生长均表现出抑制作用,与对照相比差异显著(P0.05)。对羟基苯甲酸对苜蓿种子萌发的化感抑制作用最弱,化感效应综合指数为-0.026,50mg/L的对羟基苯甲酸处理明显促进苜蓿胚根生长。各酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子萌发的化感抑制效应强弱顺序为:香豆素咖啡酸阿魏酸绿原酸对羟基苯甲酸。     

京张生态关系与张家口市贫困问题关联分析

张家口是河北省最为贫困的地区,也是全国范围内贫困县较为集中的地区之一,而且,贫困势态愈演愈烈。在众多的贫困成因中,京张生态关系对张家口贫困影响最为深远。从京张生态关系、张家口市工农业生产发展及资源开发受限、与周边地区的政策反差、京张生态补偿机制的缺失等角度,分析了京张生态关系与张家口贫困的关联关系。     

Identification of a novel miRNA from the ovine ovary by a combinatorial approach of bioinformatics and experiments

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short endogenous, single-stranded, non-coding small RNA molecules, about 19–25 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression at the translation level and influence many physiological process, such apoptosis, metabolism, signal transduction, and occurrence and development of diseases. In this study, we constructed a library from the ovine luteal phase ovary by using next-generation sequencing technology (Solexa high-throughput sequencing technique) and identified 267 novel miRNAs by bioinformatics. One of the novel miRNAs (ovis_aries_ovary-m0033_3p), which expressed in the sheep ovary and testis, was confirmed by real time PCR and northern blot. Ovis_aries_ovary-m0033_3p was 21 nucleotides in length and located on chromosome 12, and it had 100% similarity to hsa-miR-214-3p, mmu-miR-214-3p, dre-miR-214and ssc-miR-214. Meanwhile, the pre-miRNA was 82 nucleotides in length and had a standard hairpin stem-loop structure. From the consistency of the sequence and structure, we speculated that ovis_aries_ovary-m0033_3p had a function similar to hsa-miR-214-3p, which is involved in the fine regulation of cell survival, embryonic development, breeding activities and resistance to ovarian cancer, so we defined it as oar-miR-214-3p. These experimental results will enrich the miRNA database for ovis aries and provide the basis for researching the regulation mechanism of miRNA in relation to breeding activities of seasonal breeding animals.     

河北省农业龙头企业技术推广现状与存在问题及对策

概述了农业龙头企业技术推广的内涵和意义,结合河北省农业龙头企业技术推广现状,深入剖析其在推广过程中所面临的不足和问题,并在此基础上探索进一步完善和改进的对策.     

Fusing multi-source data to map spatio-temporal dynamics of winter rape on the Jianghan Plain and Dongting Lake Plain,China

Mapping crop distribution with remote sensing data is of great importance for agricultural production, food security and agricultural sustainability. Winter rape is an important oil crop, which plays an important role in the cooking oil market of China. The Jianghan Plain and Dongting Lake Plain(JPDLP) are major agricultural production areas in China. Essential changes in winter rape distribution have taken place in this area during the 21 st century. However, the pattern of these changes remains unknown. In this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of winter rape from 2000 to 2017 on the JPDLP were analyzed. An artificial neural network(ANN)-based classification method was proposed to map fractional winter rape distribution by fusing moderate resolution imaging spectrometer(MODIS) data and high-resolution imagery. The results are as follows:(1) The total winter rape acreages on the JPDLP dropped significantly, especially on the Jianghan Plain with a decline of about 45% during 2000 and 2017.(2) The winter rape abundance keeps changing with about 20–30% croplands changing their abundance drastically in every two consecutive observation years.(3) The winter rape has obvious regional differentiation for the trend of its change at the county level, and the decreasing trend was observed more strongly in the traditionally dominant agricultural counties.