生物可降解地膜的制备及应用性能研究(英文)

[目的]介绍一种淀粉基生物可降解地膜的制备方法,并对其结构、机械性能、降解性能等综合性能进行了测定分析。[方法]通过对生物可降解地膜与普通地膜内环境因子数据的采集,分析对比了可降解地膜与普通地膜内的气温、地温与光照强度等环境指标,并对所覆盖的蚕豆和大蒜2种作物的发芽率进行了测试。[结果]淀粉基可降解地膜的综合性能好于普通地膜。[结论]生物可降解地膜降低了对环境的危害,建议在经济条件许可下大规模推广。     

辽宁省大豆品种区域试验中应注意的技术问题和审定标准

该文阐述了大豆品种区域试验中应注意的技术问题和审定标准,大豆区域试验技术要点分别为试验地的选择、播种前的室内准备、区试田播前准备、适期播种,严把播种环节、试验田间管理及调查记载、收获和取样及室内考种和总结。并介绍了辽宁大豆区域试验普通型品种和优质性品种的审定标注。为大豆品种的审定提供准确、科学的理论依据。     

Structure Design of Large-scale Sow House with Fermentation Bed

ln this research, the whole contact-type large-scale sow house with fer-mentation bed was designed. The planning area of the entire piggery was 5 700 m2 with workplace and green belts. The sow house was 93 m long and 33 m wide, a total of 3 069 m2, including office area of 60 m2 and aisle area of 107 m2. The fer-mentation bed had an area of 2 902 m2 with length of 88.7 m and width of 27.7 m. lts area accounted for 95% of the total area of sow house. The fermentation mattress had a depth of 80 cm, and had a volume of 2 321 m3, equivalent to 733 t of coconut chaff and rice chaff. On a large fermentation bed, the areas for boars, replacement gilts, pregnant sows, obstetric tables, nursery pigs, etc. were designed. The large-scale sow house with fermentation bed was equipped with the automatic feeding system, automatic sprinkler system, automatic positioning column for preg-nant sows, sows＇ obstetric table system, fanning wet curtain cooling system, video monitoring system, environmental monitoring （light, temperature, water, humidity, CO2, NH3） and automatic control system. Every farming area was equipped with feeding trough and water trough. The water though was fixed with overflow pipe for removing the extra water. The house could hold 500-head sows. Each sow occu-pied 4.9 m2 of the fermentation bed in average. The designed sow house had a maximum annual output of 10 000 piglets.     

VSC-HVDC输电系统的特点与应用

轻型直流输电系统是基于VSC技术的新型直流输电技术。介绍轻型直流输电基本原理,对比轻型直流输电技术与传统直流输电技术在结构和功能方面的区别,阐述轻型直流输电的优点,并对其应用进行总结和展望,以期为轻型直流输电技术在我国的应用和发展提供一定参考。     

产挥发性物质芽胞杆菌对枇杷炭疽病菌的抑制作用及其鉴定

采用二分隔特殊平板研究芽胞杆菌挥发性物质对枇杷炭疽病菌Colletotrichum acutatum的抑制作用。研究结果表明,筛选得到的8株芽胞杆菌菌株中,抑菌效果最好的菌株为FJA T-4748,抑菌率达90.06％;其次为FJAT-10011,抑菌率达54.99％。经16S rDNA序列鉴定结合菌落形态观察,确认这8株芽胞杆菌分别为解木糖赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus、波茨坦短芽胞杆菌 Brevibacillus borstelensis、短短芽胞杆菌Brevibacillus brevis、土壤短芽胞杆菌 Brevibacillus agri、阿氏芽胞杆菌 Bacillus aryabhattai、美丽短芽胞杆菌Brevibacillus formosus及简单芽胞杆菌Bacillus simplex。本研究筛选的产挥发性物质芽胞杆菌菌株可为枇杷采后炭疽病的生物防治提供菌株参考。     

荔波瑶山鸡催乳素基因5′-调控区24-bp插入／缺失变异与早期产蛋性状的关系

为提高贵州地方鸡种荔波瑶山鸡的产蛋性能,以催乳素基因 PRL 为候选基因之一,利用 PCR 方法直接检测催乳素基因 PRL 的5′-调控区24-bp插入／缺失（－377～－354bp）变异情况,并分析其与产蛋性能的关系。结果表明,荔波瑶山鸡该位点83．8％为缺失型,无插入纯合子;不同基因型（PRL＋／＋、＋／－和－／－型）对荔波瑶山鸡早期产蛋性能均无显著影响（P＞0．05）。     

ISSR-Based Molecular Characterization of an Elite Germplasm Collection of Sweet Potato （Ipomoea batatas L.） in China

To determine the genetic diversity and population structure of sweet potato accessions cultivated in China, and to establish the genetic relationships among their germplasm types, a representative collection of 240 accessions was analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） markers. The mean genetic similarity coefifcient, Nei’s gene diversity, and shared allele distance of tested sweet potato accessions were 0.7302, 0.3167 and 0.2698, respectively. The 240 accessions could be divided into six subgroups and ifve subpopulations based on neighbor-joining （NJ） clustering and STRUCTURE results, and obvious genetic relationships among the tested sweet potato accessions were identiifed. The marker-based NJ clustering and population structure showed no distinct assignment pattern corresponding to lfesh color or geographical ecotype of the tested sweet potato germplasm. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） revealed small but signiifcant difference between white and orange-lfeshed sweet potato accessions. Small but signiifcant difference were also observed among sweet potato accessions from the Southern summer-autumn sweet potato region, the Yellow River Basin spring and summer sweet potato region and the Yangtze River Basin summer sweet potato region. This study demonstrates that genetic diversity in the tested sweet potato germplasm collection in China is lower than that in some reported sweet potato germplasm collections from other regions. Pedigree investigations suggest that more diverse Chinese sweet potato varieties should be formed by broadening the selection scope of breeding parents and incorporating the introduced varieties into future breeding programs.     

Spatio-Temporal Changes in the Rice Planting Area and Their Relationship to Climate Change in Northeast China：A Model-Based Analysis

Rice is one of the most important grain crops in Northeast China （NEC） and its cultivation is sensitive to climate change. This study aimed to explore the spatio-temporal changes in the NEC rice planting area over the period of 1980-2010 and to analyze their relationship to climate change. To do so, the CLUE-S （conversion of land use and its effects at small region extent） model was ifrst updated and used to simulate dynamic changes in the rice planting area in NEC to understand spatio-temporal change trends during three periods： 1980-1990, 1990-2000 and 2000-2010. The changing results in individual periods were then linked to climatic variables to investigate the climatic drivers of these changes. Results showed that the NEC rice planting area expanded quickly and increased by nearly 4.5 times during 1980-2010. The concentration of newly planted rice areas in NEC constantly moved northward and the changes were strongly dependent on latitude. This conifrmed that climate change, increases in temperature in particular, greatly inlfuenced the shift in the rice planting area. The shift in the north limit of the NEC rice planting area generally followed a 1＆#176;C isoline migration pattern, but with an obvious time-lag effect. These ifndings can help policy makers and crop producers take proper adaptation measures even when exposed to the global warming situation in NEC.     

农村环境综合整治技术研究

随着经济与社会的发展,农村环境质量状况不容乐观,如何改善农村环境已成为目前亟待解决的一个问题.从农村环境现状入手,通过对农村环境污染源的分析研究,提出相应的解决措施,探讨农村环境综合整治的有效方法.     

天山花楸正丁醇部位降糖效果研究

[目的]对天山花楸的有效成分进行提取分离,探索正丁醇部位的降糖效果。[方法]采用回流提取法对天山花楸进行提取,梯度洗脱,获得正丁醇部位,以链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发小白鼠糖尿病模型,利用该部位进行降血糖试验。[结果]正丁醇部位给药组与模型组相比,有明显降糖效果。[结论]天山花楸具有一定的抗糖尿病作用。