家蚕GH18家族几丁质酶的系统进化和BmChi的时期表达分析

昆虫GH18家族几丁质酶主要参与昆虫蜕皮、细胞增殖和免疫等生理过程。为了系统开展家蚕GH18家族基因的研究,通过多物种几丁质酶的系统进化分析鉴定了8个家蚕GH18家族成员,并根据含有糖苷水解酶18(Glyco_18)催化结构域和几丁质结合结构域的不同将其分为6类,其中,各物种的CHT5具有典型几丁质酶结构。家蚕GH18家族成员中,BmChiR-1具有5个Glyco_18催化结构域和6个几丁质结合结构域,其它7个成员均只有1个Glyco_18催化结构域,BmCHT12还有1个ChitnaseA_N端结构域。8个家蚕GH18家族成员的基因分布在7条染色体上。通过半定量RT-PCR调查家蚕CHT5基因Bm-Chi在家蚕各发育时期的转录表达模式,该基因在蜕皮、化蛹、羽化等发育时期均有高水平表达,推测BmChi在蚕体旧表皮几丁质的降解过程中发挥重要作用。     

鸡新城疫——减蛋综合征二联油佐剂疫苗的研制

应用鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）ＬａＳｏｔａ株和减蛋综合征（ＥＤＳ－７６）ＬＡ３株,分别接种鸡胚和鸭胚增殖病毒,血凝价分别达≥１：１２８０和≥１：１００００时,收取病毒,经福尔马林灭活,按一定比例加入吐温－８０、油佐剂制成ＮＤ－ＥＤＳ－７６二联疫苗,经无菌检验、安全性试验、剂量选择、保护性试验、免疫效果和免疫期测定及保存期观察,结果表明：该二联苗安全性好,于蛋鸡开产前１月皮下注射１ｍＬ／只,２５ｄ后ＮＤ和ＥＤＳ－７６抗体可先后达到高峰,免疫期１年。保存期４℃为１年,２０℃为３个月。     

无血清培养基IVD101和G1/G2在牛体细胞核移植中的应用研究

通过考察牛体细胞核移植重构胚在无血清培养基（IVD101、G1／G2）条件下培养的囊胚发育率及其质量,从而评估无血清培养基支持牛体细胞核移植重构胚体外发育的能力。采用IVD101和G1／G2对牛体细胞核移植胚胎进行体外培养,并以CR1aa＋5％FBS作为对照组。无血清培养基IVD101和G1／G2的囊胚发育率与对照组无显著性差异（41．2％±9．1％、42．2％±10．8％,48．0％±9．2％,P〉0．05）。通过囊胚差异染色和冷冻／解冻胚胎存活率分析胚胎质量,发现无血清培养基ICM／Total略低于对照组（31．8％±10．5％、29．5％±11．9％vs ．33．0％±14．8％）,但无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;3个组别的囊胚经程序化冷冻／解冻后无血清培养基的存活率（IVD101、G1／G2）略高于对照组,但差异不显著（84．8％、80．4％＇US．77．3％,P〉0．05）。结果证明无血清培养基（IVD101、G1／G2）可以支持体细胞核移植重构胚的体外发育,且其对程序化冷冻的耐受性与添加血清组（CR1aa＋5％FBS）相似。     

进口SPF鼠调整隔离期检疫风险分析

[目的]探讨缩短隔离期的可行性,以促进SPF鼠尽早用于科研。[方法 ]重点分析了境外环节SPF小鼠/大鼠的饲养设施、饲养管理、卫生控制、病原检测、官方监管及运输条件,研究了SPF鼠进境后的运输车辆、隔离设施、地方监管要求及历年进口发生问题的几率,比较了11个国家进口SPF鼠的隔离检疫政策。[结果 ]进口SPF鼠传入相关疫病的风险低、进境后暴露发生疫病的风险低,相关国家官方不进行强制隔离检疫。[结论 ]考虑到我国目前对活动物的隔离检疫政策和生命科学领域特殊需求,综合《进境动物检疫疫病名录》相关鼠病和国标《实验动物微生物学等级及监测》相关检测要求,建议在符合相应要求的条件下,调整进境SPF鼠隔离期为14天。     

Characterization of a novel vaccine candidate and serine proteinase inhibitor from Schistosoma japonicum (Sj serpin)

Serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) represent an important superfamily of endogenous inhibitors that regulate proteolytic events active in a variety of physiological functions. Immunological screening of a Schistosoma japonicum adult worm cDNA expression library with sera of Microtus fortis, a naturally resistant vertebrate host, has identified one clone that encoded for a sequence homologous to those of the serpin superfamily. The full-length sequence encoding S. japonicum serpin (Sj serpin) was amplified from adult worm cDNA by using 5'-RACE-PCR and subsequently cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET28c. The full-length Sj serpin fusion-protein with his-tag was expressed in E. coli, purified by affinity chromatography and used to immunize New Zealand white rabbits. Sj serpin is located on the tegument in S. japonicum adult worms. C57BL/6 mice immunized with Sj serpin induced the production of high levels of specific IgE and IgG1 subclass antibodies as well as a marked IL-4 response. Lymphocyte surface marker analysis revealed proliferation of CD19 expressing B cells, indicating a predominant Th2-type response to Sj serpin. Immunized mice developed moderate protection against infection of S. japonicum as demonstrated by a 36 and 39% reduction in the recovery of adult worms and eggs, respectively. These data suggested a role for Sj serpin as a vaccine candidate or as a novel target for anti-schistosome drugs.     

五指山猪小群体遗传学检测

本研究利用26个微卫星基因座对中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所保种场的五指山猪小群体58个样本进行了遗传学检测,用非变性(中性)聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测微卫星的PCR扩增产物,统计了群体平均基因纯合率、等位基因数,利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)。统计结果:全群平均基因纯合率为66.5%;平均多态信息含量、平均观测杂合度为、平均期望杂合度分别为0.807、0.338、0.835;每个位点平均等位基因数为11.92,此结果说明该群体虽然近交程度较高,但仍具有丰富的遗传多样性,遗传变异较大。     

Differential effects of treadmill exercise on calretinin immunoreactivity in type 2 diabetic rats in early and chronic diabetic stages

In this study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on calretinin (CR), a marker of early postmitotic neurons, immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus (DG) of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, before or after diabetes onset, and Zucker lean control (ZLC) rats. For this study, 6-week-old ZLC and prediabetic ZDF rats, and 22-week-old ZLC and ZDF rats were exercised on the treadmill. Sedentary ZLC and ZDF rats of the same age were used as exercise experiment controls. The exercised prediabetic ZDF rats did not show diabetes onset, while the sedentary prediabetic ZDF rats showed significantly increased blood glucose levels. The exercised diabetic ZDF rats exhibited a decrease in their blood glucose levels compared to the sedentary diabetic ZDF rats, but the levels were still above 20 mmol/l. ZLC rats of both ages were in the normoglycemic range. CR immunoreactivity was detected throughout the DG, including the subgranular zone and the polymorphic layer. Diabetic rats exhibited a significant decrease in the number of CR-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the DG. Exercise in the prediabetic ZDF rats significantly increased the number of CR-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the subgranular zone of the DG. In the ZLC and ZDF rats of chronic diabetic phase, exercise increased CR-immunoreactive neurons in the hilar region. These results suggest that diabetes significantly reduces the number of postmitotic CR-immunoreactive neurons and the intensity of immunoreactivity and that exercise increases these CR-related parameters in a diabetic stage-dependent manner.     

浅析动物性食品中性激素残留与检测

随着畜牧和养殖业的飞速发展,各种兽药、饲料添加剂的使用范围逐渐扩大,然而在取得经济效益的同时也使动物性食品中兽药和违禁药物残留对人体健康产生影响,其中激素残留对消费者健康的影响更值得关注。作者讨论了动物性食品中性激素残留的危害,探讨了利用现代分析技术检测动物性食品中性激素残留的方法,以期为生产中检测激素残留提供参考。     

百脉根种子硬实处理与耐藏性的探讨

地百脉根种子硬实用不同方法处理和对不同贮藏时间种子耐藏性的测定结果表明：贮藏１年种子含硬实率５９．３％。经擦破种皮或硫酸浸种处理，硬实率明显下降，发芽势，发芽率显著提高；种子随贮藏期的增长，硬实率明显下降，其发芽势，发芽率，活力指数以及直播出苗率，幼细苗存活率等亦随贮藏时间的延长而下降；种子电导值则随贮藏时间的延长而增大。