松球壳孢菌的致病性研究

实验证明 ,国内供试松球壳孢菌 (Sphaeropsissapinea)的致病力明显高于美国的B型菌株 ,与A型相似 ,致病性较强。B型也能无伤侵入 ,只是发病率明显低于A型。伤口并不是病菌侵入的唯一途径 ,自新梢伸长至针叶发育完全期间 ,病菌可直接侵入树木当年嫩梢并使之枯萎 ;此后 ,随着梢部组织的不断成熟与老化 ,伤口对病菌侵入与危害的作用才得以显现出来 ,无伤接种时不发病或只产生部分枯叶。气孔也是病菌侵入的途径之一。病菌不但可侵入当年新稍 ,而且还可于枝梢的 2a和 3a生处有伤侵入 ,使之染病甚至死亡。油松(Pinustabulaeformis)、赤松 (P .densiflora)、彰武松 (P .densifloravar .zhangwuensis)较樟子松 (Pinussylvestrisvar.mongolica)抗病 ,且彰武松主要表现为“耐病”。幼龄的樟子松较大龄的抗病。树势削弱的枝梢抗病性能降低 ,发病快而重。潜育期和繁殖期的长短与寄主、树势、组织的成熟程度和气温等有关     

施肥对柚木目标树土壤理化性质及其胸径生长的影响

采用L₈（4×2⁴）正交设计开展复合肥、尿素、P₂O₅、生石灰和施肥方式的组合试验;分别于0～20（上层）和20～40（下层）cm取样测定土壤理化性质,分析施肥对49 a生柚木目标树胸径生长和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：处理组合0～20 cm土层的pH值、土壤的含水率、容重、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效氮、有效磷和有效钾分别为5.01～5.59、21.5%～26.9%、1.59～1.71 g/m³、23.08～32.89 g/kg、0.123%～0.164%、0.078%～0.173%、1.00%～1.33%、113.5～140.6、10.63～97.09、163～453 mg/kg,0～40 cm的则是4.91～5.41、22.5%～29.5%、1.67～1.79 g/m³、18.57～23.52 g/kg、0.097%～0.122%、0.066%～0.136%、1.02%～1.59%、79.8～154.6、5.9～65.7、121～657 mg/kg;其胸径增长率为4.22%～5.39%,对照仅3.09%。0～20 cm的有机质、全氮、有效氮和有效钾显著或极显著地高于20～40 cm的;土壤的理化性质间呈现复杂的相关性。影响胸径生长的主导因子为复合肥;柚木胸径增长率与土壤全钾和20～40 cm的全氮含量呈极显著和显著的正相关,土壤施肥促进柚木生长,其人工林抚育经营必须关注土壤养分管理。     

Identification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> species associated with soybean root rot in Sichuan Province,China

Soybean root rot is a worldwide soil-borne fungal disease threatening soybean production, causing large loss in yield and quality of soybean. Fusarium species are well recognized as the important causal agent of Fusarium root rot, which are often distinct with respect to various factors in different soybean-producing regions around the world. Recently, Fusarium root rot has been frequently reported in Sichuan Province of China, where is unique in its climate and diverse cropping patterns, but it is still unclear about the predominant Fusarium species and their pathogenicity on soybean. In this study, diseased soybean roots were collected from three regions of Sichuan Province during 2014–2015. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene, 78 isolates of Fusarium were identified as nine distinct species. Pathogenicity tests showed that seven species of Fusarium were able to infect soybean, but differed in pathogenicity. F. oxysporum, F. equiseti and F. graminearum were the most aggressive species to soybean, whereas F. fujikuroi and F. verticillioides were not pathogenic to soybean. There was a strong positive correlation of the pathogenicity of Fusarium species with seedling emergence and fresh root weight. In addition, the diversity of Fusarium species varied among soybean-growing regions. To our knowledge, this report on population and pathogenicity of Fusarium species, in particular, F. graminearum, associated with soybean root rot in Sichuan Province of southwest China, will be helpful to provide effective control strategies for the disease.     

中华硬蜱唾液腺抗原成分的分析研究

中华硬蜱唾液腺提取物（ＳＧＥ）经ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示出２４条蛋白带，其中主带有６条，分子量分别为１４２、１０５、９４、６６、６４和５６ＫＤ。用中华硬蜱叮刺家兔后血清做免疫印渍，特异性抗原带为１０５和９４ＫＤ。说明中华硬蜱１０５和９４ＫＤ的蜱唾液腺蛋白原能够有效地诱慢宿主产生抗体。     

产苦马豆素疯草内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis原生质体的制备和再生

以产苦马豆素内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis NX-FEL001为供试菌株,研究了培养方式、菌龄、酶解时间和酶解温度等,对U.oxytropis原生质体制备和再生的影响。结果表明,U.oxytropis菌丝在质量分数为10g/L纤维素酶+10g/L蜗牛酶+1g/L溶壁酶组成的复合酶溶液,35℃恒温,80r/min振荡孵育3h左右,原生质体释放量最高;原生质体在YCM培养基上,22℃培养9d可以再生形成菌落,培养15d其再生率可达8.5%;原生质体在YCM培养基上再生后其菌落颜色与野生型U.oxytropis不一致,呈现白色;菌丝形态与野生型U.oxytropis相一致,经检测再生后菌丝仍然能够产生苦马豆素。U.oxytropis原生质体的制备,将为进行疯草内生真菌的遗传转化和基因操作研究提供重要工具,为进一步开展疯草内生真菌合成苦马豆素的分子调控机制奠定了基础。     

皮南牛培育及新品种审定工作进展

1986年以来,以南阳牛为母本,引进意大利皮埃蒙特牛为父本,通过杂交创新、横交固定、世代选育培育皮南牛(外血75%)。采用常规育种与全基因组选择选育相结合,实现了精准选育,提高了选择效率。培育的皮南牛屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积大等优点,已基本具备新品种申报条件。     

华山松体细胞胚状体诱导研究

以华山松种子成熟胚为材料,在不同培养基上分别用不同种类及浓度的植物激素,进行华山松胚性愈伤组织诱导试验。结果表明：一定激素浓度范围内的LM培养基上,成熟胚可以诱导出胚性愈伤组织,但在对胚性愈伤组织转接培养以促进体胚成熟时,其褐化死亡。     

几种杀菌剂对小麦纹枯病的防治效果

田间试验结果表明,12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂有效成分110g/hm2、12.5%腈菌唑乳油110g/hm2、10%氯啶菌酯乳油45g/hm2、25%丙环唑乳油180g/hm2对小麦纹枯病有很好的防治效果,防效分别为79.5%、76.3%、65.8%和63.9%,显著优于常用药剂20%井冈霉素水溶性粉剂180g/hm2的防效52.9%,可在生产上大面积推广应用。     

农村经济结构的调整

本文介绍了充分发挥农业和农村经济结构调整在繁荣农村经济、解决“三农”问题、建设农村小康社会方面的作用,必须注意的几个问题。     

虹鳟营养需求的研究进展

简要介绍了近年来国内外虹鳟的营养研究,包括蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、矿物质等方面,提出一些虹鳟养殖中的注意事项,为虹鳟养殖、饲料生产和科研开发提供参考。