Antimicrobial activity in bacteria isolated from Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, fed with natural prey

Intestinal bacteria in marine fish may produce antimicrobial substances which inhibit pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a change of fish diet on the antimicrobial activity of the culturable aerobic gut microflora of Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis. Pre‐adult 15‐month‐old fish previously fed on an artificial diet, were fed polychaetes (Hediste diversicolor), which form part of the natural diet of Senegalese sole. Samples were taken0, 3 and 6 weeks after start of the experiment from the stomach, small and large intestine of the fish. The bacterial strains isolated from these samples were sub‐cultured to pure cultures and stored at ?80°C. Several biochemical tests were run to obtain some basic phenotypic characteristics of the isolated strains. Amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA fragments were used to identify the majority of the bacterial strains isolated. The identification by use of this molecular approach gave results in agreement to the phenotypic characterization. Feeding with polychaetes significantly increased (P<0.05) the numbers of presumptive Vibrio isolates in the gut. The number of bacterial strains with antimicrobial activity, as determined by two in vitro approaches, was significantly (P<0.05) increased by feeding with polychaetes.     

Progress in designing and delivering effective fishing industry–science data collection in the UK

This study was undertaken to address the increasing need for a strategic approach to industry–science data collections in the face of reducing resources and growing need for evidence in fisheries management. The aim was to evaluate progress in the development of plans and procedures that can be employed to collect, record and use fishing industry knowledge and data in the evidence base for managing fisheries. This was achieved by reviewing industry‐led data initiatives already undertaken or ongoing within the United Kingdom to document how these projects have/are incorporating fishing industry data into the process of management decision‐making; canvassing stakeholder opinion on data gaps and whether these could be filled by data gathered by commercial fishing vessels; establishing what issues might prevent or stimulate commercial fishing vessels in collecting data when they have the opportunity; and describing guidance on a step‐by‐step process for gathering scientific information such that fishers are empowered to collect the right data, at the right times and in the right format for their fishery. Given recent advances in the collection, interpretation and application of fisheries‐dependent data, we compare progress made in the UK to other areas of the world. We conclude that there is considerable evidence of a paradigm shift from the conventional practice of scientists asking fishers to provide data for scientific analyses towards full engagement of key stakeholders in data collection.     

Apparent digestibility of some nutrient sources by juvenile mud crab, Scylla serrata (Forskal 1775)

As part of preliminary work aimed at the development of a formulated diet for the mud crab, Scylla serrata, an experiment was conducted with juvenile mud crabs (95.65±2.17 g) to determine apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) for cellulose, fish meal, shrimp meal, blood meal, soybean meal, wheat flour and cod liver oil. Apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter (ADC_dm), energy (ADC_energy) and protein (ADC_protein) were in the ranges 70.0–95.7%, 77.4–97.1% and 57.7–97.9% respectively. Soybean meal had the highest ADC_dm and wheat flour had the lowest value (P<0.05), while the ADC_dm for fish meal, blood meal and shrimp meal were not different (P≥0.05). Similarly, soybean meal had the same ADC_energy as that of fish meal, but higher than those of cod liver oil, blood meal and shrimp meal (P<0.05). Moreover, the ADC_protein for blood meal or shrimp meal were not significantly different from fish meal (P≥0.05); nevertheless, they were lower than that of soybean meal and higher than that of wheat flour (P<0.05). Of significant interest was the ADC_dm (78.0%) and ADC_energy (77.4%) for cellulose, which indicates that plant‐based nutrient sources may well be a useful component of formulated diets for mud crabs.     

奶酪产品(奇饲粉)的营养价值及其在动物饲料中的应用

奶酪是一种浓缩的牛奶制品,由新鲜的或成熟固态或半固态形式的乳蛋白（包括酪蛋白和一些白蛋白）、乳脂肪和乳矿物质组成,包含了牛奶中的大部分蛋白质、脂肪和主要的矿物质如钙和磷.奶酪不仅具有良好的适口性,同时由于其营养成份浓度高且组成合理,易于消化吸收,因此也是动物生产中重要的营养物质源.在1994年,奶酪提供了美国食物供应中可利用蛋白质的8%,钙的23%和核黄素的5%,以及许多其它养分,只有少量的奶酪被用于动物饲料中.某些厂家将奶酪进行加工而用作饲料.由于成本相对较高,这些产品仅用于优质的饲料,如乳猪开食料、宠物饲料和水产饲料.     

Oxytocin in pig seminal plasma is positively related with in vivo fertility of inseminated sowsOA

Background: Identification of relevant in vivo biomarkers for fertility remains a challenge for the livestock industry.Concentrations of the small peptide hormone oxytocin(OXT), involved in male reproductive function and present in the seminal plasma(SP) of several species could be a robust one. This study characterized concentrations of SPOXT in ejaculates from boars used in artificial insemination(AI) programs aiming to evaluate its relationship with sperm quality variables and in vivo fertili...     

大规模繁殖白蛾周氏啮小蜂接蜂比例选择

对大规模繁殖白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea时寄主或替代寄主的接蜂比例的选择进行了研究.结果表明,以美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea为寄主时,接蜂时寄主与寄生蜂的比例以1:1和1:2为宜.以柞蚕Antheraea pernyi为寄主时,寄主与寄生蜂的比例以1:50为宜,繁殖出的小蜂田间平均寿命约为6 d.过多地增加接蜂数量,会影响到子代的出蜂数量和雌雄性比等.     

Call the Eckols: Present and Future Potential Cancer Therapies

In recent years, an increased interest in marine macroalgae bioactive compounds has been recorded due to their benefits to human health and welfare. Several of their bioactivities have been demonstrated, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial and antiviral behavior. However, there still lacks a clear definition regarding how these compounds exert their bioactive properties. Of all the bioactive compounds derived from marine macroalgae, attention has been focused on phenolic compounds, specifically in phlorotannins, due to their potential for biomedical applications. Phlorotannins are a diverse and wide group of phenolic compounds, with several structural variations based on the monomer phloroglucinol. Among the diverse phlorotannin structures, the eckol-family of phlorotannins demonstrates remarkable bioactivity, notably their anti-tumoral properties. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this activity is achieved remain elusive and sparse. This review focuses on the described molecular mechanisms of anti-tumoral effects by the eckol family of compounds and the future prospects of these molecules for potential application in oncology therapies.     

Antiviral Activity and Mechanisms of Seaweeds Bioactive Compounds on Enveloped Viruses—A Review

In the last decades, the interest in seaweed has significantly increased. Bioactive compounds from seaweed’s currently receive major attention from pharmaceutical companies as they express several interesting biological activities which are beneficial for humans. The structural diversity of seaweed metabolites provides diverse biological activities which are expressed through diverse mechanisms of actions. This review mainly focuses on the antiviral activity of seaweed’s extracts, highlighting the mechanisms of actions of some seaweed molecules against infection caused by different types of enveloped viruses: influenza, Lentivirus (HIV-1), Herpes viruses, and coronaviruses. Seaweed metabolites with antiviral properties can act trough different pathways by increasing the host’s defense system or through targeting and blocking virus replication before it enters host cells. Several studies have already established the large antiviral spectrum of seaweed’s bioactive compounds. Throughout this review, antiviral mechanisms and medical applications of seaweed’s bioactive compounds are analyzed, suggesting seaweed’s potential source of antiviral compounds for the formulation of novel and natural antiviral drugs.     

应用实时B超诊断奶牛卵巢疾病

奶牛的卵巢疾病是兽医临床中最常见的生殖系统疾病,据统计,奶牛的卵巢疾病约占奶牛繁殖疾病的60％以上,严重影响着奶牛泌乳、产犊,给奶牛业带来很大经济损失。由于造成卵巢疾病的病因复杂,病变各不相同,给诊断造成一定难度,而B超诊断奶牛的卵巢疾病具有快捷、简便、准确率高等优点,对病变组织以实时图像显示,是兽医临床上一种比较先进的诊断技术。     

Tolerance of lumpfish,Cyclopterus lumpus,to freshwater bath treatment for amoebic gill disease,Neoparamoeba perurans,infection and efficacy of different treatment regimens

The tolerance of lumpfish to freshwater treatment and efficacy over a range of salinities and treatment durations is examined. No structural and cellular changes were noted in organs, including gills and gut, sampled 48 hr posttreatment because of freshwater baths for periods of up to 5 hr exposure at 0 ppt or continuous treatment in 15 ppt water for 10 days. Behavioral indicators such as activity and ventilation frequency were also not significantly different between treatments, with the exception of the first trial where lumpfish were inactive during treatment in 0 ppt water compared with active fish in 32 ppt seawater. Amoeba numbers declined from an initial 21.5/gill arch to 0.33 after 3 hr in freshwater and to zero after 5 hr, and to five amoebas/gill arch after 3 hr in brackish water treatment (15 ppt). When fish were treated continuously for 15 days in 15 ppt water, amoeba numbers declined from 231 to 3.7/gill arch after 3 days and a mean of 1.75 amoebae after 10 days. In the last trial, no amoebas were present per gill arch after 3 hr treatment in 0 and 3 ppt bath.