香菇SSR—PCR技术体系的优化及其在遗传多样性分析中的初步应用

为建立稳定的香菇SSR技术体系,采用L16(45)正交试验设计,对影响香菇SSR-PCR的主要因素进行了优化筛选,建立了最佳的反应体系.在20μl反应体系中,包含1.5 mmol/L Mg2+,75 ng模板DNA,0.25 mmol/L dNTPs.0.50 μmoI/L引物及1.5U Taq酶.梯度PCR试验筛选得到相应引物的最佳退火温度为62℃.以该体系为基础,应用5对引物扩增8个香菇菌株的基因组DNA,扩增条带清晰稳定,聚类分析结果能较好地反映供试菌株的地理来源关系.以0.5的相似性为分割点,8个菌株可分成2大类群.类群Ⅰ主要由北方菌株组成,类群Ⅱ由南方菌株组成.该研究为SSR标记技术在香菇分子生物学研究方面的应用奠定了基础.     

樱桃谷祖代种鸭引种研究

针对２７２１只樱桃谷鸭祖代种鸭进行了引种研究。通过二年来的，各项指标达到或超过了英方技术指标。年产蛋量平均２２０枚，受精率９１％，孵化率９０％，商品鸭肉料比为１：２．６，瘦肉率３０％，同时结合河南信阳地区的气候特点，对鸭舍、饲养管理进行了研究。     

2005／06年度棉花市场形势分析

1 2006年棉花播种面积恢复增长。低温大风天气带来不利影响，2005年我国棉花收购价格普遍高于2004年，籽棉收购价稳定在每斤2．8～2．9元（折皮棉每担685～710元），同比上升30％左右。在棉花价格大幅上升的情况下，粮棉比价逐渐向有利于棉花生产的方向倾斜，预计2006年我国棉花播种面积将有3％左右的回升，达到7800万亩左右。     

猪血清免疫球蛋白对新生仔猪生产性能的影响

 为了考察在仔猪出生24h内外补免疫球蛋白对其生产性能的影响，对不同试验组的仔猪在出生24h内分别灌服0.5g、0.8g、1.0g，观察14d内猪只的发病与日增重的情况，结果表明，在仔猪出生24h内补喂0.8g的免疫球蛋白，14d后日增重效果最明显；外补免疫球蛋白1.0g试验组的在预防仔猪腹泻发病率效果最好。     

南疆地区引进苜蓿品种亲缘关系的过氧化物酶分析

[目的]对2012年以来引种试验的20个苜蓿(Medicago)品种的亲缘关系进行研究,为进一步开展南疆苜蓿品种遗传改良、杂交亲本选配提供依据.[方法]以8日龄幼苗和6日龄再生植株为材料,采用过氧化物酶电泳技术对供试品种的亲缘关系进行分析.[结果]20个苜蓿品种幼苗和再生植株材料过氧化物酶的多态位点百分率分别为72.73;和50.00;.供试苜蓿品种间的相似系数介于0.611 ～1.000,平均值为0.815.聚类分析在相似系数为0.776处把供试品种聚为3类,甘农1号单独聚为1类.主成分分析表明,甘农1号在分析图中的位置也相对孤立.[结论]供试苜蓿品种具有一定水平的遗传差异.甘农1号杂花苜蓿与紫花苜蓿品种间亲缘关系较远.与6日龄再生植株材料相比,8日龄幼苗材料的过氧化物酶能更有效地鉴定苜蓿材料的遗传差异.     

Analysis of genetic effects on a complete diallel cross test of Betula platyphylla

The study utilized the offspring of a 5 × 5 diallel cross of Betula platyphylla as the experimental material. Tree height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH) and stem straight degree (SSD) were measured at the fourth and eighth growth year (SSD were measured only in the eighth growth year). ANOVA analyses showed that growth traits in different growth years were significant among families (P < 0.01). There existed extremely significant correlations between H and DBH in the same year. Although the sequencing of average H and DBH of different families were vicissitudinous at the 4th and 8th year, there also existed significant correlations between H and DBH in different year. The general combining ability, special combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effect (REC) of different hybridized combinations were also different remarkably. The mean square of SCA was significantly higher than GCA, implied that the non-additive effect played major roles. When B5, B8 and MB15 were selected as parents, the offspring performed perfectly in traits of H, DBH and SSD at the eighth growth year respectively. B5 × XB11, B8 × XB11 and B8 × MB15 had highest SCA values in traits of H, DBH, and SSD at the eighth growth year respectively. Consequently, in order to achieve optimal outcomes, seed orchard building and clonal propagation should be considered simultaneously in birch’s genetic improvement process.     

Identification of QTL for stalk sugar-related traits in a population of recombinant inbred lines of maize

Increasing sugar content in silage maize stalk improves its forage quality and palatability. The genetic mapping and characterization of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is considered a valuable tool for trait enhancement, yet little information on QTL for stalk sugar content in maize has been reported. To this end, we investigated QTLs associated with stalk sugar traits including Brix, plant height (PHT), three ear leaves area (TELA), and days to silking (DTS) in two environments using a population of 202 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between YXD053, which has a high stalk sugar content, and Y6-1, which has a low stalk sugar content. A genetic map with 180 SSR and 10 AFLP markers was constructed, which spanned 1,648.6 cM of the maize genome with an average marker distance of 8.68 cM, and QTLs were detected using composite interval mapping. Seven QTLs controlling Brix were mapped on chromosomes 1, 2, 6 and 9 in the combined environments. These QTLs could explain 2.69–13.08 % of the phenotypic variance. One major QTL for Brix on chromosome 2 located between the markers bnlg1909 and umc1635 explained 13.08 % of the phenotypic variance. Y6-1 also contributed QTL allele for increased Brix on chromosome 6. One major QTLs controlling PHT on chromosome 1 and TELA on chromosome 4 were also identified and accounted for 13.68 and 12.49 % of the phenotypic variance, respectively. QTL alleles for increased DTS were located on chromosomes 1 and 5 of YXD053. Significant epistatic effects were identified in four traits, but no significant QTL × environment interactions were observed. The information presented here may be valuable for stalk sugar content improvement via marker-assisted selection in silage maize breeding programs.     

水稻抽穗后叶色及N素含量变化同产量及食味的关系

为了解析抽穗后叶色及N素含量变化规律及其同产量、食味特性值和食味的关系,以2011年参加水稻区域试验的13个水稻品种（系）为供试材料,采用惯行法栽培管理进行了试验。抽穗至成熟期间,使用SPAD502和CCN6000 AGRIEXPERT每10天测定一次各品种（系）的叶色和N素含量;收获后各品种、重复单独测产,从重复Ⅰ中取样,使用德国生产的连续流动分析仪测定食味特性值（直链淀粉和蛋白质含量）;食味品尝试验最后进行,品尝员由16名师生参加,分2天进行。结果显示：抽穗后叶色值和N素含量呈现逐渐降低的趋势,成熟前期下降幅度较大;产量、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量和食味综合评价间均不存在显著的相关关系;抽穗期的叶色值和N素含量同籽粒中蛋白质含量存在显著正相关,但同产量、直链淀粉含量以及食味综合评价的相关均不显著。为此,根据抽穗期叶色值或N素含量进行低蛋白质含量品种（系）的选择是可行的。     

阳泉市雷暴气候统计特征

为了给雷电预测及防雷减灾提供科学依据,为深入了解阳泉市雷暴气候的统计特征,利用1971—2010年近40年阳泉市地面气象观测站的雷暴观测资料,借助数理统计、气候倾向率法、线性拟合、小波分析等方法,对阳泉市的雷暴气候特征进行统计分析。结果表明,阳泉市平均年雷暴日数为36.0天;雷暴日出现最多的年份出现在1973年（47天）,最少的年份在2004年（25天）;阳泉市雷暴日数月变化呈单峰抛物线型,其峰值位于7月;阳泉市平均雷暴初日为4月18日,平均雷暴终日为9月28日;阳泉市平均雷暴持续期为154天;80%保证率的出现雷暴初终日为4月中旬和10月中旬。由此得出,阳泉市雷暴发生具有明显的季节性,夏季最多,冬季无雷暴;雷暴日数呈现减少趋势。     

早熟杏新品种‘鲁杏4号’

‘鲁杏4号’是以‘金太阳’为母本,‘巴旦水杏’为父本杂交育成的早熟优良杏新品种。果实椭圆形,平均单果质量86.8 g;果皮底色黄色,阳面具红晕;果肉金黄色,汁液丰富,酸甜可口,风味浓郁,可溶性固形物含量11.4% ~ 13.5%,可食率95.2%;离核,仁甜。在山东泰安6月上旬果实成熟,发育期65 d左右。早果性、丰产性强。