POTASSIUM UPTAKE CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO MAIZE HYBRIDS AND THEIR PARENTS UNDER THE STRESS FROM A LOW AMOUNT OF POTASSIUM

The objective was to study the relationship between maize hybrids and their parents in potassium ion (K⁺)-uptake characteristics under the stress from a low amount of potassium. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the potassium utilization index (KUI), root volume, total and active root uptake area, Michaelis-Menten coefficient (Km), and the maximum rate of uptake (Vm) of different maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes were determined. SOD activity and MDA content in the leaves of Si144, Xianyu335 and PH4CV were significantly higher than the control, whereas for Jidan27, Si-287 and PH6WC, no differences were detected. Jidan27 showed a higher KUI than Xianyu335 under 0.1 mM potassium chloride (KCl), but no differences were observed under 3 mM KCl. Jidan27, Si287, and PH6WC had a greater root volume, total and active uptake areas, higher Vm and smaller Km than the other genotypes under 0.1 mM KCl. The differences in the KUI among maize genotypes resulted from variation in the Km to a greater extent than the Vm. These results indicate that potassium absorption characteristics of the low-K⁺-tolerance genotype, Jidan27 resembled its female parent, Si-287, whereas that of the stress-sensitive genotype, Xianyu335 was more like its male parent, PH4CV.     

秀水03连晚种植的穗粒重特点及栽培因子的效应研究

据秀水03作连晚种植的39块田的统计资料分析,有效穗与产量呈极显著正相关,与每穗总粒、千粒重呈极显著负相关;对产量的贡献：有效穗〉结实率〉千粒重〉穗总粒。“攻适宜多穗、力争大穗、提高结实率、稳定千粒重”是秀水03高产栽培的主攻方向。栽培因子的影响效应：栽插丛数〉总氮化肥〉移栽期〉基氮化肥〉用种量〉基本苗〉苗氮肥〉钾肥〉播种量〉播种期〉土杂肥〉穗肥。本文还对各栽培因子进行了回归分析,提出了秀水03作连晚种植的高产综合配套技术。     

4种除草剂对麦田禾本科杂草药效比较

采用室内盆栽的方法,测定精嗯唑禾草灵6．9％水乳剂、甲基二磺隆3％油悬剂、炔草酸15％可湿性粉剂、氟唑磺隆70％水分散粒剂四种茎叶除草剂对山东发生的主要麦田禾本科杂草硬草、看麦娘、多花黑麦草、雀麦、节节麦、野燕麦、茼草的杀草谱．结果表明：精嗯唑禾草灵6．9％水乳剂对硬草、看麦娘、茼草、野燕麦有良好的防效,鲜重抑制率在88％以上：甲基二磺隆3％油悬剂对硬草、看麦娘、多花黑麦草、雀麦、节节麦、野燕麦防效良好。鲜重抑制率在87％以上;炔草酸15％可湿性粉剂对硬草、看麦娘、茼草、野燕麦防效良好,鲜重抑制率在94％以上：氟唑磺隆70％水分散粒剂对雀麦、硬草、看麦娘、多花黑麦草有良好的防效,鲜重抑制率在88％以上。     

一种杀灭榕树盆景害虫榕管蓟马的新方法——真空熏蒸处理

摘 要：利用真空熏蒸技术对受榕管蓟马Gynaikothrips ficorum (Mar-Chal)危害的榕树盆景进行了真空熏蒸处理。结果表明,在真空条件下,仅需要较低的熏蒸剂量在较短的时间内即可全部杀死榕树盆景里的榕管蓟马,杀虫效果达100%,达到快速、高效、安全、环保的要求,为花卉害虫的处理提供了一种新的方法。较高的真空条件下熏蒸会对榕树盆景造成一定程度的药害。     

猪血清免疫球蛋白对新生仔猪生产性能的影响

为了考察在仔猪出生24h内外补免疫球蛋白对其生产性能的影响,对不同试验组的仔猪在出生24h内分别灌服0.5g、0.8g、1.0g,观察14d内猪只的发病与日增重的情况,结果表明,在仔猪出生24h内补喂0.8g的免疫球蛋白,14d后日增重效果最明显;外补免疫球蛋白1.0g试验组的在预防仔猪腹泻发病率效果最好。     

Morphology and mechanical properties of thermo-molded bioplastics based on glycerol-plasticized wheat gliadins

Glycerol-plasticized wheat gliadin bioplastics were prepared through thermo-molding method. The effect of glycerol content on the morphology and the mechanical properties of wheat gliadin bioplastics was studied. Morphology, tensile properties (tensile strength and elongation at break), dynamic mechanical properties and rheological properties were evaluated in relation to glycerol content. Experimental results reveal that the morphology, the glass transition temperatures (T_g) of both the gliadin-rich and the glycerol-rich domains and the tensile properties are closely linked to the glycerol content. The time–temperature superposition (TTS) fails to be applied to the dynamic loss modulus G″ (all temperatures) and the dynamic storage modulus G′ (above 80 °C) of wheat gliadin bioplastics.     

不同果袋处理对红富士苹果贮藏生理的影响

研究了套5种类型果袋对红富士苹果(Malus domestica cv. Red Fuji Spur)低温(0℃)贮藏品质的影响,部分果袋进行早套袋(6月10号)和晚套袋(6月23号)两个处理。各种套袋果实的呼吸速率和失水率在贮藏的第一个月内逐步提高达到峰值,其中套塑膜袋果实的呼吸速率比套小林袋的高47%,同时伴随着可滴定酸、可溶性糖以及硬度的持续降低;随后的一个月内呼吸受到明显抑制,各种品质指标下降缓慢,但在其后的贮藏时间里呼吸速率再次缓慢上升。套塑膜袋的果实仍具有较强的呼吸,晚套袋的果实比早套袋的呼吸略高。贮藏结束时(120d)套小林袋红富士的可滴定酸和果实硬度分别为0.2087%、9.43kg/cm2,套塑膜袋的分别为0.1812%、8.12kg/cm2。综合贮藏过程中果实的呼吸、糖、酸、硬度等指标的变化结果可以看到,不同果袋以套塑膜袋的果实品质下降最大,套小林袋(KM-2)的果实品质下降最小,其次是双层内红袋、双层内黑袋,再次是双层内塑袋。     

发达国家发展现代农业的若干作法

本文从战略定位与发展思路、国家立法扶持、政府统一管理与服务、政策保护与支持方法、国际化市场体系建立、组织规模化生产、生产要素集约化投入、贸工农产业化经营、专业化分工与优势产品区域布局、工业化装备武装农业、社会化服务体系建设、财政投入与农村金融体系建设、农业科技创新体系与支撑、农民教育与培训、一二三产业互动发展等发展现代农业的主要方面系统介绍了美国、日本、荷兰与德国等发达国家的经验与作法。     

优质抗倒高产青贮专用玉米"沪青一号"的选育

采用青贮玉米自交系间杂交、田间农艺性状选择和实验室品质分析的方法,育成适宜青贮专用玉米新品种“沪青一号”。该品种具有营养成分结构好,含量高;抗倒性强;产量,单株绝干重达２５７．４ｇ,单位面积鲜重约６７５００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,目前正在推广之中。     

谷物冷却机处理量计算与评估

通过对谷物冷却机实验数据分析,建立了谷物冷却机处理量与环境温度、空气湿度的函数关系式,并得到了谷物冷却机处理量工程计算方法及其单位能耗评估方法。