Regulation of early flowering in Pinus banksiana

Seedlings of three families of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were subjected to 16 combinations of photoperiod, growth environment (outdoors, greenhouse and biotron) and gibberellin (GA(4/7)) treatment. After 14 months, which included two dormancy induction periods, ovulate flowering was observed. There was a strong positive correlation between flowering and seedling height; female flower production was stimulated by both a declining photoperiod during bud development and GA(4/7) treatment; and there was an interaction between GA(4/7) treatment and family, such that the difference in flowering intensity between a late-flowering and an early-flowering family was eliminated by GA(4/7) treatment. The results suggest that the genetic control over the time of onset of flowering, and GA(4/7)-induction of flowering depend on a common mechanism.     

以电导法配合Log istic方程确定茶梅‘小玫瑰’的抗寒性

 摘　要: 以不同处理时间、不同低温处理下茶梅‘小玫瑰’叶片的电解质外渗率(REC) 变化作曲线,并结合Logistic方程分别计算茶梅的半致死温度(LT50 ) , 结果发现在低温处理6 h以上, 茶梅叶片的REC均随着处理温度的降低而呈“S”形上升, 由此计算出“S”形拐点对应的温度即为茶梅叶片的LT50 , 其温度值在- 1215℃至- 14℃之间, 这可认为是茶梅抗寒能力的重要指标。关键词:     

桃果实絮败机理及减缓措施

桃果实在8℃以下的低温环境中贮藏2周以上极易受冷害,后熟过程中表现出果肉质地发绵、汁液减少等 絮败现象。絮败的产生主要是果胶甲酯酶(PE)和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性变化不平衡导致果胶质正常降解受 阻,形成凝胶所致。综述了近年来对于桃和油桃絮败机理方面的研究成果,从絮败发生的机理、絮败程度检测以及在 低温贮藏中如何减缓絮败发生的措施等方面进行了论述。认为影响桃果实絮败的主要因素是贮藏温度、品种、成熟 度等。絮败的评价主要用出汁率等方法,在贮藏中可以采用气调、中途加温、外源乙烯处理、延期贮藏等措施减缓絮 败发生。提出了需要近一步研究的内容。     

Importance of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes Produced by Fusarium graminearum during Infection of Wheat Heads

Cytological studies were carried out to elucidate the importance of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE) during infection of wheat spikes by Fusarium graminearum. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that at 6–24 hours after inoculation (hai) of single spikelets with macroconidia of F. graminearum, the fungus germinated by forming several germ tubes and developed a dense hyphal network in the cavity of the spikelet. At 24–36hai, the fungus formed infection hyphae which invaded the ovary and inner surface of the lemma and palea. Transmission electron microscopical studies revealed that the fungus extended inter- and intracellularly in the ovary, lemma and rachis and caused considerable damage and alterations to the host cell walls. In different tissues of healthy and F. graminearum-infected wheat spikes the cell wall components cellulose, xylan and pectin were localized by means of enzyme-gold and immuno-gold labelling techniques. Localization of cellulose, xylan and pectin showed that host cell walls which were in direct contact with the pathogen surface had reduced gold labelling compared to considerable higher labelling densities of walls distant from the pathogen–host interface or in non-colonized tissues. The reduced gold labelling densities in the infected host cell walls indicate that these polysaccharide degrading enzymes might be important pathogenicity factors of F. graminearum during infection of wheat spikes. The results revealed that, infection and colonization of wheat spikes by F. graminearum and reactions of infected host tissue were similar to those reported for F. culmorum.     

玉米螟赤眼蜂适宜生境的研究和利用:I.玉米螟赤眼蜂在不同生境中的分布与种群消长

本文通过对华北地区有代表性的作物生境，采用人工挂卵的方法，系统调查研究了玉米螟赤眼蜂在１７种生境中的分布和种群动态。结果表明，玉米螟赤眼蜂在不同生境中的分布、发生时间和种群数量有所不同，说明其对生境有一定的选择性。玉米螟赤眼蜂自然种群消长有４个峰，其中以春甘薯田的发生时间最长，种群数量最大，最具代表性。这４个峰在春高粱间作菜豆、春花生、平作夏玉米和夏玉米间作直立型绿豆这４种生境中也不同程度地出现。间作豆科作物可在一定程度上提高玉米螟赤眼蜂的寄生率。玉米螟赤眼蜂种群数量年度间变异较大，特别是干旱的影响最为明显。     

Cortical gene expression pattern in rat focal cerebral ischemia

AIM: To investigate the genes differential expression in cortex during rat focal cerebral ischemia.METHODS: cDNA microarray chips containing numerous cDNAs were used to investigate the gene expression pattern between samples of focal cerebral ischemia and sham-control operation rats. RESULTS: Two hundred and eleven genes differentially expressed were screened out, among these genes, up-and down-regulated genes were 199 and 12, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of gene expression pattern of focal cerebral ischemia based on cDNA microarray can realize high-throughput screening of the genes associated with the focal cerebral ischemia. The differential expression of genes may be related to the pathogenesis of focal cerebral ischemic diseases.     

比格犬源芽孢杆菌对小鼠体重和组织脏器的影响

为验证比格犬源芽孢杆菌的安全性,以小鼠为试验动物,研究该菌对小鼠体重和组织脏器的影响。将40只30日龄SPF级小白鼠(雌雄各20只)随机分为4组,每组10只。对照组饲喂普通日粮;试验组在饲喂普通日粮的基础上,每只灌服0.2 m L比格犬源芽孢杆菌菌液(109 cfu/m L);每隔2 d测定体重;18 d后,将小鼠脱臼处死,取脾脏、肾脏称重;将肝脏、十二指肠、空肠和回肠用福尔马林固定,做组织切片试验。结果显示:试验组与对照组小鼠的体重差异不显著(P0.05);试验组小鼠肾脏重量有增加,肾脏指数与对照组相比,有显著性差异(P0.05);试验组公鼠脾脏重量增加明显,与对照组相比,差异极显著(P0.01);试验组小鼠肠绒毛较发达,肝小叶结构清晰,肝窦和门管区明显可见。试验证明,比格犬源芽孢杆菌对小鼠十二指肠、空肠、回肠和肝脏的正常结构未造成危害,说明比格犬源芽孢杆菌是安全可用的,且对组织脏器有一定的促生长作用。     

湖南省某生猪批发市场疫病传播风险评估

为评估湖南省某生猪批发市场猪群疫病的发生风险,找出可能的风险因素,便于提出针对性预防措施,采用自行设计的调查问卷,结合访谈和现场调查,对27户经营户进行了调查,并将调查结果和调运数据相结合进行了疫病传播风险定性评估。结果显示:该市场疫病传入的可能性"高",内部传播的可能性"中等",疫病传出的可能性"高"。生猪调运频次多、数量大,经纪人行为复杂,运输车辆清洗消毒不彻底是可能的风险因素。评估结果提示,应尽量减少经纪人行为影响,重点加强对运输车辆的清洗消毒。     

我国管理科学研究热点及代表人物的可视化分析

进入新世纪以来，管理科学在我国取得了蓬勃的发展，逐渐形成了庞杂的学科知识体系，与此同时，管理学也涌现了一大批管理科学专家，并在各自的领域中作出了卓越的贡献。利用中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）2000~2009年的20种管理科学重要期刊文献为数据，从文献计量的角度对我国管理科学十年来的发展进行分析，通过可视化分析工具CiteSpace展示了企业与事业单位管理、管理基础与方法、宏观管理与政策研究三个主要的学科领域的代表人物和研究热点。     

中国古老月季品种远缘及品种间杂交亲和性评价

以5份中国古老月季品种、3份野生蔷薇和22份现代月季品种为试材,采用常规人工授粉杂交方法,同时结合花粉活力及倍性测定情况,研究了古老月季远缘和品种间的杂交亲和性,筛选出了高亲和性的杂交亲本,以期为中国古老月季的杂交育种、亲本选择提供参考依据.结果 表明:古老月季品种间杂交亲和性最高,所配组合的杂交成功率达87.50％,古老月季与野生蔷薇、现代月季的远缘杂交亲和性也较高,所配组合的杂交成功率均高于50％,说明古老月季远缘和品种间的杂交亲和性均较好,因此,在杂交工作中,选用古老月季作为亲本材料有较好的杂交亲和效果;古老月季杂交亲和性与花粉活力、亲本倍性,正反交等因素相关,选择月季亲本时要综合考虑各因素,以提高月季杂交的成功率;结合远缘杂交、品种间杂交以及人工授粉结实情况,筛选出适合做母本的古老月季品种为"大花香水""小花香水""月月红",适合做父本的月季品种为"金樱子""可爱的绿".