播种期和氮肥用量对春大麦灌浆期籽粒蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量的影响

为提供更合理的氮肥运筹和适宜播期以促进大麦的优质高产,以蒙啤1号、蒙啤3号、甘啤4号、垦啤7号4个春大麦品种为试材,研究了不同施氮水平和播期处理下内蒙古东部灌区春大麦灌浆期间籽粒蛋白质含量和游离氨基酸含量及其与成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量的相关性。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,相同灌浆期4个品种的籽粒游离氨基酸含量和蛋白质含量均呈升高的趋势;随着施氮量的增加,相同灌浆期4个品种的籽粒游离氨基酸含量和蛋白质含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势。成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量与花后7d、28d和35d籽粒蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著正相关。逐步回归分析结果表明,影响成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量最大的是花后28d籽粒蛋白质含量,而通径分析结果显示,对成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量影响最大的是花后14d的籽粒蛋白质含量。成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量与灌浆期籽粒游离氨基酸含量的相关性均达到极显著水平,对成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量影响最大的是花后7d的游离氨基酸含量,其次是花后21d的游离氨基酸含量。     

Resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora infestans</Emphasis>: exploring genes required for disease resistance in Solanaceae plants

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is the causal agent of potato late blight, one of the most destructive and historically significant pathogens in agricultural production. A virus-induced gene silencing-based screening of the solanaceous model plant N. benthamiana resulted in revealing a wide range of resistance mechanisms of solanaceous plants against this pathogen. In this article, we present an overview of the various pathways involved in the N. benthamiana–P. infestans pathosystem, including some of the follow-up work that was triggered by these findings. The purpose of this review is to assemble these findings and integrate them into our current understanding of plant pathogen defense mechanisms and discuss their potential application for the development of potato resistance to P. infestans.     

Porphyra tenera Protects against PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction with the Regulation of Gut Function

To evaluate the biological effects of Porphyra tenera (P. tenera), we tried to confirm the possibility that the intake of P. tenera could modulate cognitive and intestinal functions in PM_2.5-induced cognitive decline mice. P. tenera attenuated PM_2.5-induced learning and memory impairment through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the mitochondrial function and TLR-initiated NF-κB signaling. In addition, P. tenera effectively alleviated Aβ production/tau phosphorylation by inhibiting the JNK phosphorylation. Also, the bioactive constituents of P. tenera determined the sulfated galactan, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), and chlorophyll derivatives. Moreover, the bioactive compounds of P. tenera by gut fermentation protected against gut dysbiosis and intestinal tight junction damage with a decrease in inflammatory response and short-chain fatty acid production. Based on these results, our findings suggest that P. tenera with sulfated galactan and MAAs is a potential material for cognitive function improvement.