桉树枝瘿姬小蜂危害林巨园桉DH201-2近自然生长研究

选择桉树枝瘿姬小蜂(Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle)高感品系巨园桉(Eucalyptus grandis×E.tereticornis) DH201-2,研究其受桉树枝瘿姬小蜂危害后在近自然条件下生长情况.结果表明:连续5年内树高、胸径和材积保持生长,5年生林分平均树高、胸径和材积生长量分别达到12.9m、8.4 cm和57.31847 m3/hm2.     

黑麦草萌发期对低温与盐胁迫的交叉适应性

【目的】研究多年生黑麦草萌发期对低温与盐胁迫的交叉适应性,为在盐渍土壤上建植牧草提供依据。【方法】将多年生黑麦草种子在3~5℃低温条件下预处理3d(T3)、5d(T5)和7d(T7),以未进行低温处理为对照(CK),并将4个处理组种子分别在质量分数为0%,0.3%,0.6%,0.9%和1.2%的NaCl溶液中进行萌发试验,测定种子的发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗的根系活力及丙二醛、脯氨酸、NO含量。【结果】随着NaCl质量分数的增加,各处理组多年生黑麦草种子的萌发均受到不同程度的抑制;T3与T5组种子的发芽指数、活力指数和根系活力间无显著差异,而两者总体上高于CK和T7组;各处理组幼苗丙二醛含量随着NaCl质量分数的增加总体呈上升趋势,但T7组丙二醛含量高于其他处理组;各处理组脯氨酸含量随NaCl质量分数增加均呈上升趋势,且CK组脯氨酸含量总体上高于各低温预处理组;各处理组幼苗的NO含量在NaCl胁迫下总体均呈上升趋势,但与质量分数0.3%NaCl胁迫相比,T5组幼苗NO含量在质量分数0.6%,0.9%NaCl胁迫下持续下降,CK、T3组在质量分数0.9%NaCl胁迫下的NO含量较质量分数0.6%NaCl胁迫时有所下降,CK、T3、T5组的NO含量均在质量分数1.2%NaCl胁迫下有较大幅度的上升,而T7组却在质量分数1.2%NaCl胁迫条件下略有下降。【结论】多年生黑麦草具有一定的耐盐性,低温预处理增强了其种子萌发期的抗盐胁迫能力;低温预处理3~5d显著提高了种子萌发期的抗盐能力,黑麦草在低温和盐渍胁迫之间存在"交叉适应"现象,而NO可能作为二者的共同信号受体在交叉适应中发挥着调控作用。     

宝石鲈肝胰脏蛋白质双向电泳方法的摸索与优化

选取宝石鲈肝胰脏作为样品,通过优化裂解配方及摸索裂解液与样品的最适比例,设计两个等电聚焦程序,建立和优化宝石鲈鱼肝胰脏蛋白质双向电泳实验方法,为宝石鲈肝胰脏内目标蛋白的研究提供参考。结果表明,采用裂解液配方:8 M Urea,2 M Thiourea,0.5%(W:V)CHAPS,40 mMTris-Base,1%DTT,2%(W:V)Pharmalyte pH 3～10,1 mM PMSF;裂解液和样品液比为1∶3时裂解效果较好;等电聚焦程序I(S1:0～500 V,500 V.h;S2∶500 V,500 V.h;S3∶500～3 500 V,10 000V.h;S4∶3 500 V,50 000 V.h,S5∶3 500～5 000 V,8 000 V.h)具有最好的等电聚焦效果。     

糯玉米鲜果穗采收后鲜籽粒Vc含量变化的研究

维生素C（Vc）又叫抗坏血酸,是鲜食糯玉米及其加工品中非常重要的营养指标。本文研究了4个糯玉米品种鲜果穗采后籽粒中Vc在4种不同贮藏处理条件下的变化情况,结果表明,鲜籽粒中Vc含量受温度影响很大,受苞叶影响不大。     

Impact of Plant Density on the Formation of Potato Mimitubers Derived from Microtubers and Tip-Cuttings in Plastic Houses

The potato minitubers have been widely used for the elite seed propagation to improve the seed potato system in China. However, little information is available for an efficient production of the minitubers with high plant density in the protected growing conditions like plastic houses. In present research, the minitubers of a wide-grown potato variety, Favorita, were produced with the microtubers from tissue culture and the tip-cuttings of the microtuber plants. Three plant densities, 200, 400 and 600 microtubers or plants m-2 were set up with the randomized block design of 3 replications and the experiment was repeated in 4 seasons in 2009-2010. The canopy development, light interception, dry weight production and partitioning, tuberization and tuber weight were investigated to elucidate the mechanism by which the plant density affects the formation and growth of the minitubers. The results showed that the number of the tubers formed per unite area was in line with the increase in plant density. The difference in leaf area index (LAI) between the plant densities, especially in early stage of the plant growth, resulted in more radiation interception and dry weight producing in higher plant density than in lower one. However, our analysis demonstrated that the conversion coefficient of the cumulative intercepted radiation to plant weight and the dry weight partition rate to the tubers were constant between plant densities, suggesting that less amount of the photoassimilates partitioned to individual tubers is causal for more small tubers in high plant density. A negative exponential curve model, determined by total number of tubers produced per unit area and the mean tuber weight, fitted well to the tuber size distribution pattern. The optimum plant density could be estimated from this model for a maximum production of the minitubers with desired size.     

拖拉机电液悬挂系统力位综合控制策略研究

设计了一种空间布局合理、结构简单的电控液压悬挂系统,概述其结构组成、工作原理,并提出力位综合调节控制策略.该系统可以根据耕作情况,通过ECU实现悬挂的力和位置控制,同时实现基于模糊控制的力位综合调节反馈.通过对系统进行台架试验,所设计的模糊控制器可实现理想的力位综合调节.     

冬小麦东农冬麦1号返青后各生育阶段光合生理特性研究

为明确寒地冬小麦返青后各生育阶段光合生理特性对小麦植株生长发育及籽粒形成的影响,以东农冬麦1号为试验材料,对大田种植返青后不同生育阶段小麦叶片光合参数、叶绿素、总可溶性糖和蔗糖含量及籽粒总可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量等生理指标进行测定分析。结果表明,返青后,随着生育期延长,小麦叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率呈先上升后下降趋势,开花期达到最大值。在开花期之前,气孔导度与胞间CO2浓度均呈上升趋势,光合速率主要受气孔因素影响;开花期后气孔导度与胞间CO2浓度呈相反变化趋势,此时期影响光合速率降低的主要是非气孔因素。叶绿素含量先上升后下降,灌浆期达到最大值;总可溶性糖及蔗糖含量呈下降-上升-下降趋势;籽粒中淀粉含量随总可溶性糖和蔗糖含量的下降而上升。     

入侵植物银花苋对3种蔬菜种子萌发的化感效应

为了解外来入侵植物银花苋(Gomphrena celosioides)的潜在生态危害,采用不同器官作供体对3种作物种子萌发和幼苗生长进行化感效应测试。结果表明:总体上,花、叶水提液低浓度处理对萝卜(Raphanus sativus)、芥菜(Brassica juncea)和菜心(B.parachinensis)种子的萌发率和根长生长有抑制作用,且随着浓度提高抑制程度加大,部分达极显著水平。低浓度的花、叶水提液对作物茎(芽)长生长有一定促进作用,但随着浓度提高促进作用降低,高浓度处理则出现显著抑制。比较综合效应指数,叶水提液比花水提液的化感作用强;叶水提液对3种作物的化感作用表现为芥菜>萝卜>菜心,而花水提液则为萝卜>芥菜>菜心。因此,作为外来入侵植物,银花苋因具较强的化感效应,需加强防治。     

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以纯化复性的猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV2)Cap重组蛋白作为免疫原,按常规方法免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,经间接ELISA筛选,获得了3株分泌PCV2-Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为1C7A4、4F3F5和4G8F7,其染色体平均数为98～103,间接ELISA检测3株细胞培养上清效价分别为1:3125、1:3125、1:15625,小鼠腹水效价分别为1:390000、1:390000、1:1950000.ELISA结果显示,1C7A4、4F3F5和4G87F仅与融合表达的PCV2-Cap蛋白反应,而与PET-32a载体表达的蛋白不反应.相加ELISA结果显示3株单克隆抗体对应两个不同的病毒抗原位点.间接免疫荧光结果显示,1C7A4、4F3F5和4G8F7能与PCV2发生反应,而不与PCV1发生交叉反应.结果表明所获得的3株单抗是PCV2型特异性的,为PCV1和PCV2鉴别诊断方法的建立奠定了基础.     

农村小额信贷的市场化运作及其利率区间

从小额信贷的功能和农村金融市场的特点出发,指出应该将小额信贷的政策性扶贫功能从小额信贷的市场化运作中剥离出来.运用修正的商业信贷风险决策模型,计算出均衡的小额信贷利率区间.并且与中国实际情况对比分析,指出相对宽松的利率政策和适当的高利率能够防止小额信贷市场的"逆向选择"和"道德风险",是小额信贷能够持续发展的关键要素.