Bats adjust temporal parameters of echolocation pulses but not those of communication calls in response to traffic noise

Many studies based on acute short‐term noise exposure have demonstrated that animals can adjust their vocalizations in response to ambient noise. However, the effects of chronic noise over a relatively long time scale of multiple days remain largely unclear. Bats rely mainly on acoustic signals for perception of environmental and social communication. Nearly all previous studies on noise‐induced vocal adjustments have focused on echolocation pulse sounds. Relatively little is known regarding the effects of noise on social communication calls. Here, we examined the dynamic changes in the temporal parameters of echolocation and communication vocalizations of Vespertilio sinensis when exposed to traffic noise over multiple days. We found that the bats started to modify their echolocation vocalizations on the fourth day of noise exposure, with an increase of 42–91% in the total number of pulse sequences per day. Under noisy conditions, the number of pulses within a pulse sequence decreased by an average of 17.2%, resulting in a significantly slower number of pulses/sequence (P < 0.001). However, there was little change in the duration of a pulse sequence. These parameters were not significantly adjusted in most communication vocalizations under the noise condition (all P > 0.05), except that the duration decreased and the number of syllables/sequences increased in 1 type of communicative vocalization (P < 0.05). This study suggests that bats routinely adjust temporal parameters of echolocation but rarely of communication vocalizations in response to noise condition.     

罗非鱼链球菌的分离鉴定

从济南、泰安、枣庄、德州等地的几个罗非鱼养殖场发病的罗非鱼中，分离到一株G^ 链球菌。将该菌人工感染罗非鱼，证实为致病菌。对该菌的形态特征、培养特性、生化特性、致病特性、对药物的敏感性等进行了试验，证明核菌为S.iniae。     

饲用墨西哥玉米生长特性及其营养成分含量的研究

随着养殖业畜群结构的调整,农区草食动物饲养量的增加,种植优质、高效牧草是当前人们所迫切需要的.试验就饲用墨西哥玉米Euchlaena mexicana的生长特性及其营养成分含量进行研究,结果表明:饲用墨西哥玉米适宜在冀东农区种植,该作物具有较强的分蘖性能,适于多次刈割,每茬次刈割鲜草质量400～700 g/株,随着刈割茬次的增加,草产量大幅度增加,可采食的优质草量增多,纤维化程度大大下降,可消化养分量增加,种草的效益随刈割茬次显著的上升.墨西哥玉米干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷和胡萝卜素的含量都优于其他禾本科牧草.刈割茬次间各种营养成分差异不大,非常适合青饲,经饲喂的各种草食动物,适口性好,采食率高.     

牛孕激素受体SNP分析及其与精液品质的关系

孕激素受体(PR)对于正常雌性动物生殖功能的实现具有重要调节作用,该基因在雄性动物中生物学作用尚不十分清楚。本研究通过PCR-SSCP方法对种公牛群体的PR基因所有外显子及5′UTR多态性进行检测。结果表明:PR基因外显子4、外显子8及5′UTR均检测到了多态性位点,其他外显子没有发现遗传多态性;测序表明外显子4发生了A20G突变,没有导致氨基酸的改变,外显子8发生G86T和A207T突变,其中G86T突变导致所编码的G(甘氨酸)变成V(缬氨酸),A207T突变导致所编码的Q(谷氨酰胺)变成H(组氨酸),5′UTR处存在G-1809A和C-1808G碱基突变。最后用最小二乘分析方法对其基因型和生产性状进行了相关性分析,第4及第8外显子的遗传多态性与部分精液品质性状呈显著相关。     

人参三醇组皂苷对大鼠急性坐骨神经损伤修复相关蛋白表达的影响

研究人参三醇组皂苷(PTS)对大鼠坐骨神经急性损伤蛋白表达的影响。建立大鼠坐骨神经挤压损伤模型,随机分为PTS组,模型对照组及空白对照组,每组各10只大鼠;各组均经腹腔注射给药,PTS组损伤后注射PTS;模型对照组,损伤后注射同剂量生理盐水;空白对照组,不损伤坐骨神经,注射同剂量生理盐水。坐骨神经损伤术后30d,免疫荧光化学染色检测PTS对损伤侧坐骨神经神经丝蛋白(NF-M)、微管相关蛋白-2(MAP-2)、生长相关蛋白(GAP-43)表达的影响,观察PTS对损伤侧神经的影响。大鼠损伤侧坐骨神经NF-M、MAP-2、GAP-43平均光密度表达(9.66±0.99、12.43±1.44、0.344±0.040)与模型对照组(8.21±1.25、11.90±1.14、0.278±0.042)比较有极显著性差异(P0.01)。PTS可促进坐骨神经损伤大鼠NF-M,MAP-2,GAP-43的表达。     

酪啡肽及其酪蛋白水解肽对早期断奶仔猪分泌型免疫球蛋白A和细胞因子水平的影响

本文旨在研究酪啡肽及其酪蛋白水解肽对早期断奶仔猪分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)和细胞因子水平的影响。24头仔公猪随机分为对照组(正常哺乳28d断奶)、试验Ⅰ组(添加β-酪啡肽-7)和试验Ⅱ组(添加酪蛋白酶解物)。试验组于21d断奶,再连续添加酪蛋白胃蛋白酶解液或β-酪啡肽-710d,每天2次(共20mL),至32d,3组动物各随机取6头同时剖杀,取血、胃食糜和空肠食糜。观察其血清IL-2、TNF-α和胃肠内容物中SIgA的含量变化。结果表明:添加酪蛋白水解液组仔猪血清中IL-2的水平比对照组高75.9%,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组血清中IL-2水平比对照组高35.7%,差异显著(P<0.05)。血清中TNF-α水平试验组略低于对照组。在对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组仔猪的空肠食糜中均检测到SIgA,平均含量分别为(6.48±0.85)ng/g、(6.30±0.85)ng/g和(8.71±0.54)ng/g。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组差异极显著(P<0.05);胃食糜中未检测到SIgA。提示乳源活性肽对早期断奶仔猪细胞免疫和黏膜免疫活性具有一定的促进作用。     

中国呼伦贝尔草甸草原资源特征

带有寒生性质的线叶菊草原出现在大兴安岭东西两侧山地阳坡和丘陵中上部，贝加尔针茅草原沿着山前丘陵向南分并且总是处于丘陵斜坡和高台地的显域生境，丘陵坡麓，宽谷地和高平原东部发育着羊原草原。三个草原类型都是以多年生草本占绝对优势。中旱生植物居首位，达钨尔－蒙古成分构成群落核心，真具有旱生性特征。群落类型分化多样，在空间分布上形成了明显的生态系列。这三个草原类面积占草甸草原的８８％，其中羊草草原第一性生产     

Expression and functional analysis of the Follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) gene in the sheep ovary during the oestrous cycle

Follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) is a regulator of cellular apoptosis and was previously identified via RNA-Seq to be associated with follicular development in mammalian ovaries. However, the mechanism underlying the FSTL3 regulation of oestrus in sheep remained poorly understood. In this study, the oestrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations in blood were detected, and the expression level and functional analysis of FSTL3 in the ovary were studied during the different reproductive stage in Aohan fine wool sheep (seasonal breeding breed in China). The concentrations of E2 and P4 at the anestrus were significantly lower compared to dioestrus, proestrus and oestrus stages. Higher expression levels of FSTL3 were observed in the sheep ovary, hypothalamus, and thyroid. During different reproductive stages, higher expression levels were found during the stages of dioestrus and proestrus, while lower levels were found during the oestrus and anestrus stages. Functional analysis of FSTL3 was performed in primary granulosa cells (GCs) of sheep. The concentration of E2 increased significantly after RNAi interference of FSTL3, while the P4 level decreased. FSTL3 can decrease P4 levels, which might be involved in mediating oestrous cycle in sheep.     

山羊ACSS2基因的克隆、序列分析及组织表达研究

本研究旨在对山羊乙酰辅酶A合成酶2（acetyl-CoA synthetase 2,ACSS2）基因进行克隆和生物信息学分析,并检测其在山羊不同泌乳时期乳腺组织中的表达量变化。以山羊乳腺组织RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR方法扩增并克隆山羊ACSS2基因完整CDS区序列,对测序结果进行生物信息学分析,并对ACSS2基因在山羊不同泌乳时期乳腺组织中的表达量进行分析。结果显示,山羊ACSS2基因CDS区序列长2 106 bp,编码701个氨基酸;山羊ACSS2基因与牛、马、人、犬、猪、小鼠和鸡的同源性分别为97.8%、92.0%、91.3%、91.3%、91.1%、88.1%和73.3%。蛋白理化性质分析结果表明,ACSS2蛋白分子质量为78.72 ku,理论等电点为6.03,属于酸性蛋白;跨膜结构和信号肽分析表明,ACSS2蛋白不含跨膜结构和信号肽;结构域分析表明,该蛋白含有1个乙酰辅酶A合成酶N端结构域。亚细胞定位分析结果表明,该蛋白主要分布在内质网（44.4%）、线粒体（33.3%）、细胞质（11.1%）和细胞核（11.1%）中。蛋白质结构预测发现ACSS2蛋白含有α-螺旋（29.10%）、延伸链（21.54%）、β-转角（9.84%）及无规则卷曲（39.52%）。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,ACSS2基因在不同泌乳时期均有表达,其中在泌乳中期表达量最高,在干奶期表达量最低。本试验结果为进一步研究山羊ACSS2基因在脂质代谢过程中的功能及转录调控机制提供了参考。     

基于高分辨率卫星图像的深圳特区市政绿地结构特征分析

基于“Quickbird”卫星遥感数据对深圳特区市级公园及市政道路绿地现状进行判读,并结合实地调查数据进行比较分析。结果表明,判读结果与实地调查数据相符程度较高,尤其是面积相对较大的公园绿地;对于以乔木为主的分车道绿地,由于判读为覆盖面积,与调查面积出现一定差异;深圳市市政公园绿地中乔灌草所占比例最大,其次为乔草和草坪;市政道路绿地与公园绿地相比,乔木、乔草、灌草、灌木类型比例均有所上升,草坪面积大幅减少,乔灌草复合结构依然占绝对优势。