河北省蔬菜秸秆生物反应堆技术应用现状及效果分析

介绍了河北省秸秆生物反应堆技术应用现状和建造技术要点,并对其应用效果和前景进行了分析。     

对玉米品种区域试验和生产应用中的几点思考

国家或省级区试是品种进入市场的通行证。但品种区域试验也有其不足之处：干扰了试验的准确度,影响了品种审定的公正性并减小对生产的保证系数,影响了品种的推广力度。而引进国外的品种登记制度是改进目前这一现象的可行方法,同时应该加强品种在生产应用上的管理。     

"焦大牌"磷酸二氢钾在大豆上的施用效果

进行了"焦大"磷酸二氢钾在大豆上的应用效果试验,结果表明其可以促进大豆健壮生长,增加单株荚数、单株粒数,提高结实率,增加产量。以鼓粒期喷施1 500 g/hm2增产效果最好,较对照增产5.10%。     

河北蔬菜质量安全问题策略研究

蔬菜作为鲜活农产品,是农产品质量安全最受关注的一类产品。就河北当前蔬菜质量安全的现状,着重对蔬菜产地管理、标准化生产、质量检测、流通监管、质量追溯等各环节进行综合分析论述,提出发展策略,从而为提高全国蔬菜产区产品质量安全提供更多有效措施。     

河南省优质旱稻高产栽培技术

从品种选用、种子处理、化学除草、平衡施肥、合理灌溉和病虫害综合防治等方面,介绍了河南旱稻高产栽培技术体系。     

生物质能在烟叶烘烤中的应用前景

生物质能是一种新型的高效清洁能源。简述了生物质能在烟叶烘烤中的应用现状,分析了生物质能在烟叶烘烤应用中存在的问题,介绍了最新的研究进展并展望了发展前景。     

EMS诱变处理定向筛选杨树耐盐突变体研究

应用EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)处理杨树胚性愈伤组织,通过组织培养方法定向筛选杨树耐盐变异体。对EMS处理"加引"杨树胚性愈伤组织的浓度和时间进行了研究,结果表明:在同一EMS浓度下,随着处理时间的增加,胚性愈伤组织分化芽的比率降低;处理相同时间,随着EMS浓度增加,胚性愈伤组织分化芽的比率降低;不同EMS浓度处理后的胚性愈伤组织分化芽的比率与处理时间呈线性关系。约200万胚性细胞经4‰(V/V)浓度EMS处理36 h,并经逐级耐盐定向筛选,可得在含NaCl 0.5%(m/V)的培养基上生根的组培苗40株。经筛选优系,组培成再生植株,进行植株水平的试管内耐盐性检测,结果表明:诱变处理所得植株与对照相比,其耐盐性明显提高。同时,在未经耐盐定向筛选实验中得到29株叶片颜色发生变异的畸变植株,耐盐定向筛选试验中也得到4株同类型畸变植株。     

Detection of arboviruses in Culicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected from animal farms in the border areas of Yunnan Province,China

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides(order Diptera, family Ceratopogonidae) are potential biological vectors for the transmission of certain arboviruses among humans, livestock, and wild animals. This study collected a total of 405 Culicoides individuals from seven animal farms located in five counties in the border areas of Yunnan Province, China, and examined the Culicoides species composition and the major arboviruses carried by the Culicoides species. The collected Culicoides were classified into seven species with variable abundances: Culicoides arakawae(5.43%, 22/405), Culicoides homotomus(1.23%, 5/405), Culicoides obsoletus(19.75%, 80/405), Culicoides orientalis(17.28%, 70/405), Culicoides oxystoma(29.38%, 119/405), Culicoides peregrinus(5.68%, 23/405), and Culicoides nipponensis(21.23%, 86/405). Among the seven species, C. oxystoma and C. nipponensis were distributed in all the five counties with abundances of 13.33–44.87% and 10.00–46.83%, respectively, suggesting that these were the dominant species of Culicoides widespread on animal farms in the border areas. PCR was used to detect major arboviruses in the collected Culicoides specimens, including bluetongue virus(BTV), Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, African swine fever virus, and African horse sickness virus. Among the tested viruses, only BTV serotype 1 was tested positive in C. oxystoma specimens collected from a buffalo farm. Culicoides oxystoma was the dominant species on animal farms in the sampled areas, but it has not previously been documented as positive for BTV in China. The current results thus suggest that C. oxystoma could be an important vector for BTV transmission in these border areas, which, however, needs to be confirmed by further comprehensive experiments. Overall, the present study provides the first profile of Culicoides species on animal farms in the China, Vietnam, and Myanmar border areas, establishes the prevalence of arboviruses carried by these Culicoides species, and suggests the vector potential of C. oxystoma species for the transmission of BTV.     

HACCP在柘林湖斑鳜网箱养殖中的应用

在水产养殖方面应用HACCP体系,就是要在亲体-幼苗-养成-销售整个过程中对包括养殖场在内的周围环境、养殖水质、苗种、饲料、水产药物等方面进行全方位的监控,针对各个重要的环节进行危害分析,并加以控制,确保养殖产品不会对人类的健康造成危害。以柘林湖斑鳜网箱养殖过程为例,对HACCP在柘林湖斑鳜网箱养殖中的应用进行了分析和研究。     

绿鳍马面鲀烂嘴症致病菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为确定绿鳍马面鲀烂嘴症的致病菌及筛选敏感药物,通过平皿划线法将患病组织内的细菌进行分离纯化,得到1株优势菌,命名为QZG3。该菌株在硫代硫酸盐柠檬酸盐胆盐蔗糖琼脂(TCBS)弧菌选择性培养基上为绿色、圆形、黏稠状菌落,经革兰氏染色判断为革兰氏阴性菌;对该菌株的16S rRNA基因进行测序、鉴定,并经系统进化树分析,发现该菌株与阿尔法克弧菌(Vibrio alfacsensis)聚为1支,因此判断该菌株为阿尔法克弧菌。人工回感试验表明,该菌株为绿鳍马面鲀烂嘴症的致病菌;药敏试验结果显示,该菌株仅对氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星两种抗生素高度敏感,对土霉素、青霉素、头孢氨苄、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、四环素以及红霉素均表现出耐药性。因此建议养殖生产上选用氟苯尼考和恩诺沙星进行药物防治。