Suppression of Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis by Mass Trapping Using Synthetic Sex Pheromone in Paddy Field

Suppressing effects of mass trapping using synthetic sex pheromone with main active ingredients of Z-11-hexadece-nal, Z-13-octadecenal and Z-9-hexadecenal on the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis were investigated during the flight periods of the overwintering and 1^st generation in the paddy area of 60 ha in 1999. Population density of C. suppressalis in the pheromone-treated fields was lower than that in control. The egg masses decreased by 74. 39% and population size of adult males of the 1^st generation decreased by 61.64% in the treated fields as compared to control. Meanwhile, the damage by C.suppressalis larvae was significantly lower in the treated fields than control (t-test, P=0.05). Percentages of brownish leaf sheath, dead heart, and white head in the treated fields were decreased by 70.90%, 57.01% and 44.30%, respectively in contrast to control. The present study demonstrated that mass trapping to C. suppressalis using synthetic sex pheromone shows great potential as an alternative measure in an environment-friendly pest management and at the same challenging the insecticide use that has some environment impacts.     

微胚乳玉米子粒显微结构研究

Twenty four lines of 5 types maize were used to study the micro-structure in ripe kernel of MEM(micro-endosperm super high oil maize),weight ratio of embryo to kernel,and the different characteristics of micro-structure between MEM and the other 4 non-MEM.The results indicated that the endosperm contents of MEM were very few.Some of them even had no endosperm(except aleurone layer).It illustrated that some of the MEM showed degenerative endosperm,but their embryos were the biggest among the 5-type maize.At the same time,the weight ratio of embryo to kernel of MEM was also the maximum in 5-type maize.     

Comparative study of the effects of solid-state fermentation with three filamentous fungi on the total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of subfractions from oats (Avena sativa L.)

The aim of present work was to investigate the effect of solid-state fermentation with filamentous fungi (Aspergillus oryzae var. effuses, Aspergillus oryzae, and Aspergillus niger) on total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of four subfractions of oat, namely, n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol, and water, and compare them to their corresponding subfractions of unfermented oat. The TPC and total flavonoids increased dramatically, especially in EA subfractions (p < 0.05). The levels of antioxidant activity of subfractions were also significantly enhanced (p < 0.05). The highest antioxidant activities were also found in the EA subfractions. The polyphenols in EA were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography at 280 nm. Most polyphenols were increased remarkably, especially ferulic and caffeic acids. There was a clear correlation between the TPC and antioxidant activity. In conclusion, fungi fermentation is a potential bioprocess for increasing the TPC, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of oat-based food.     

根表功能细菌生物膜及其在土壤有机污染控制与修复中的潜在应用价值

土壤中的有机污染物可从根系进入植物体内,并可进一步通过食物链富集,从而威胁人群健康。植物根际微生物种类繁多、数量巨大,其中很多根际细菌可通过成膜作用在植物根表形成细菌生物膜,协助植物抵抗外界的不良环境或促进植物生长。有机污染物在被植物根系吸收的过程中,多需经过根表细菌生物膜这一特殊界面。综述了根际细菌在植物根表的成膜作用,以及根表功能细菌生物膜对污染物根际环境过程的影响及作用机理,分析了利用根表功能细菌生物膜调控植物吸收有机污染物的可行性,试图为防治土壤有机污染、降低作物污染风险、保障农产品安全等提供理论依据。     

私繁、乱制、套购种子的危害

私繁：即不通过当地农业行政主管部门的许可,不经过产地检疫,不具备生产资质的单位或个人私自非法生产种子的行为;乱制：指基地没有隔离条件、品种未经审定,生产者不懂技术、不按照《农作物种子生产技术操作规程》生产种子的行为;套购：即没有收购合同或没有经营许可证而在种子生产基地非法收购他人组织生产的种子产品的不法行为。     

一株水拉恩氏菌的分离鉴定及保水效果研究

从土壤中分离得到一株产黏性胞外聚合物的菌株N2-2,通过形态观察、生理生化试验和16S rDNA同源性序列分析,鉴定该菌为水拉恩氏菌.将该菌制成液体菌剂喷洒在沙土表面,能够形成致密的结皮,从而显著地提高了沙土的持水能力,并增加幼苗成活率.     

ZigBee技术在农林业中的应用研究

设计一个基于ZigBee技术的农林业生产环境监测系统。系统采用太阳能电池供电,利用ZigBee技术将传感器采集到的与农林业生产环境相关的数据通过无线网络传输给上位机。该系统的应用可为农林业环境质量评价、农林业环境质量变化趋势预测提供实时、准确的数据。     

采摘茎尖次数对叶菜型甘薯品种百薯1号薯块产量及品质的影响

2007年夏季,在一般大田常规栽培条件下,通过分期采摘茎尖的方法,对叶菜型甘薯品种百薯1号的薯块产量和品质进行了研究。结果表明：⑴随着采摘茎尖次数的增加,薯块产量呈直线函数降低,其曲线方程为Y=-2009.6X＋35776（R2=0.9417﹡﹡）。⑵不同品质性状受采摘茎尖次数的影响存在明显差异,可溶性糖变异最大,淀粉、蛋白质和烘干率变异较大,脂肪、纤维和维生素C变异较小,灰分变异最小。⑶采摘茎尖3次时,烘干率、灰分、脂肪、蛋白质、淀粉和纤维含量均居首位,可溶性糖含量居第二位,维生素C含量居第四位,薯块的综合品质达到最优,这时薯块实际产量为29527.5kg/hm^2,占对照薯块实际产量的84.6%,可以作为最佳采摘次数。     

新疆农林牧渔综合机械化作业水平评价体系

为全面评价新疆农业机械化作业水平,根据新疆农、林、牧、渔各业机械化发展实际情况,建立新疆农、林、牧、渔各业综合机械化作业水平的评价指标体系,对本体系的评价范围进行了定义,分别确定了种植业、林果业、畜牧养殖业、水产养殖业和设施农业（特制设施种植业）各业评价的关键作业环节及各环节的权重,提出各业在综合评价指标中权重的确定方法,给出综合评价指标体系的计算公式。      

对发展农业工程教育的思考

农业工程学科要适应传统农业向现代农业发展的需要,适应农业以高新技术改造传统农业的的需要,缩小传统农业工程的规模,发展农业生物系统工程与农业信息技术;农业机械的自动化技术;精细农业生产体系;农业生产的产前、产后生产体系;设施农业工程技术;园艺业作物生产机械与技术;农业生产的现代化管理等等.各院校应结合自己的条件,办出自己的农业工程学科特色,加大教材建设的力度,加大国际交流.