利用层次分析法和综合指数法评价新疆棉区土壤质量

采用层次分析法和综合指数法,对新疆棉区9个典型棉田进行土壤质量评价研究。结果表明,全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、有机质是影响新疆棉田土壤质量的主要因素,速效磷是其中的限制因子。高产和中产棉田土壤利用强度大,可加强土壤施肥管理,提高土壤生产力。     

Growth and reproduction of the lion's paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus in a suspended culture system at Guerrero Negro lagoon,Baja California Sur,Mexico

The lion's paw scallop, Nodipecten subnodosus (Sowerby) has considerable aquacultural potential due to its fast growth and large adductor muscle. Prior investigations throughout northwestern Mexico's littoral have reported highly variable growth rates; furthermore, no studies are available of the environment on growth and gametogenesis in this species under culture conditions. This investigation assesses the effect of food availability and temperature on the growth and gametogenesis of N. subnodosus in a suspended culture system at Guerrero Negro lagoon, Mexico. After 1 year of cultivation, N. subnodosus reached 69.13 mm in shell height (SH) (0.196 mm day^?1, 14 months old). Two significant growth spurts were observed: over the two first months of culture (August and September 2001, mean growth rate 0.4 mm day^?1) and in September 2002 (0.3 mm day^?1), both related to high temperatures and chlorophyll a concentrations. The onset of gametogenesis occurred in April 2002, with an increase in temperature (10‐month‐old scallops, 54.5 mm SH). The first spawning occurred in October and November (86.2 and 93 mm SH), with peak temperatures. These results, together with the analysis of previous reports, indicate that N. subnodosus has a higher preference for temperate areas; therefore, the Guerrero Negro lagoon appears to be a suitable site to culture this species.     

Efficiency of pyramiding of three quantitative resistance loci to apple scab

Quantitative plant resistance is supposed to be more durable than qualitative resistance for the control of plant diseases. However, it has been experimentally shown that erosion of quantitative resistance can occur. Cumulation of quantitative resistance loci (QRLs) in the same cultivar is considered to improve the efficiency and durability of quantitative resistance, but the choice of QRLs to be combined is of crucial importance. This study investigated whether the combination of QRLs acting on different stages of pathogen development could improve the efficiency of resistance in the apple scab pathosystem. The efficiencies of three QRLs were evaluated against 10 isolates of Venturia inaequalis and the stages of pathogen development that were affected by the QRLs were defined microscopically. A gain in the efficiency of resistance was observed when QRLs were pyramided compared to when they acted alone. Thanks to the combined effects of the individual QRLs, the pyramiding of the three QRLs hindered fungal development at different stages: before the penetration of the plant cuticule, after the penetration with hypersensitivity reaction, and during the colonization and asexual reproduction. These effects were dependent on the V. inaequalis isolates. These results suggest that the gain in efficiency of resistance by pyramiding may derive from the combination of different and complementary molecular mechanisms underlying QRLs. Thus, the resistance achieved from pyramiding such a combination of QRLs should be durable.     

桐油转化生物柴油的研究

为了考察桐油制备生物柴油的可行性,分析了桐油的脂肪酸成分,研究了桐油转化生物柴油的工艺条件,并测定了桐油生物柴油的主要性能指标。结果表明,桐油的平均相对分子质量为927.32,其主要成分为含有18个碳的不饱和脂肪酸,其中α-桐酸是其脂肪酸的主要成分(75.033%)。酯交换法制备桐油生物柴油的最佳工艺条件为:甲醇与桐油的摩尔比6∶1,催化剂用量为桐油质量的1.0%,反应温度30℃,反应时间20 min,平均转化率为82.8%。在此最佳条件下制备的桐油生物柴油的主要性能指标,除运动粘度、酸值较高外,基本符合0#矿物柴油标准。     

生物防治与灭鼠剂不同组合对藏北地区鼠害的控制

为探讨藏北高寒草甸地区高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)的有效防治方法,在西藏安多县措玛乡草地设立了鹰架、招鹰灵与鹰架组合及D型肉毒梭菌毒素与鹰架组合的3个试验处理,同时进行藏北地区D型肉毒梭菌毒素最佳浓度的筛选及D型肉毒梭菌毒素和招鹰灵灭效对比试验.结果表明,质量分数为0.10%与0.15%的D型肉毒梭...     

中国蝗虫学研究60年

蝗虫灾害是人类历史上三大自然灾害之一,对农牧业、环境和经济构成严重威胁。我国是世界上遭受蝗灾最严重的国家之一,有关蝗虫学的研究有较长的历史。60年前,通过改治结合,我国控制了大规模的飞蝗Locusta migratoria蝗灾发生,取得了举世瞩目的成就。60年过去了,中国蝗虫学研究发生了翻天覆地的变化。该文主要综述了最近60年中国蝗虫学研究的发现与创新,展示蝗虫分类学、生态学、生殖与发育生物学、分子生物学、基因组学研究以及蝗虫控制技术研究等多个方面的成就。这些研究成果是世界昆虫学研究的重要组成部分。特别是近30年,我国科学家深入揭示蝗虫两型转变的遗传和表观遗传机制,在国际上产生了重要影响。飞蝗的综合生物学研究积累使飞蝗成为继果蝇之后又一个昆虫模式系统。更重要的是,我国科学家开发的真菌生物农药和群聚信息素可以作为重要的防治手段用于蝗灾的治理。     

Versatile physiological functions of the Nudix hydrolase family in berry development and stress response in grapevine

Nudix hydrolases are widely distributed across all classes of organisms and provide the potential capacity to hydrolyze a wide range of organic pyrophosphates. Although Nudix hydrolases are involved in plant detoxification processes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, the biological functions of Nudix hydrolases remain largely unclear in grapevine.In the present study, a total of 25 putative grapevine Nudix hydrolases(VvNUDXs) were identified by bioinformatics analysis and classified int...     

一株青霉菌的分离鉴定及抑菌活性成分研究

从瑞香狼毒根际这一独特的生态环境中采用平板稀释涂布法分离出一株高抑菌活性的真菌,经形态学特征、ITS序列分析及与马尔尼菲青霉菌的比较分析表明,该菌为疣孢青霉菌YL-52(Penicillium verrucu-losum YL-52),其Genbank注册序列号为EU914140.抑菌活性试验显示,其发酵液粗提物具抑菌广谱性,对细菌和植物病原真菌都有一定的抑制作用,其中对苹果干腐、苹果腐烂、番茄早疫病菌的抑制率达到80%以上.乙酸乙酯相TLC法系统预试结果表明,其主要成分为挥发油、黄酮、萜类、甾体及其苷类、酚性成分、内酯及香豆素和有机酸类.     

CMT和(S)-CMT对菊花水培扦插生根的影响

为初步探明2种新合成的酰脲类化合物CMT和(S)-CMT对植物生长发育的影响,以不同浓度的CMT和(S)-CMT水溶液对菊花插条基部进行处理,测定了处理后水培扦插不同时期菊花的生根和根苗生长状况。结果表明,CMT和(S)-CMT均能明显提高扦插菊花的生根率、生根数和根长,并使根和苗生长健壮。二者均以5mg/L处理效果较好,其中(S)-CMT 5 mg/L为最佳。     

高能日粮条件下半胱胺对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响

通过在正常日粮中添加高油脂来制备高能日粮,探讨高能日粮条件下,添加0、15、30、60mg/kg半胱胺(CS)对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响。试验结果表明:添加15、30mg/kg半胱胺均能显著提高大鼠抗氧化能力(P<0.05),30mg/kg半胱胺能使大鼠抗氧化能力恢复到接近正常日粮组水平,60mg/kg半胱胺对大鼠抗氧化能力的恢复无显著影响(P>0.05)。半胱胺添加的最适剂量为30mg/kg。