肥沙混施对盐碱地冬小麦耗水特性与生长的影响

为解析春限一水条件下盐碱地改良措施对小麦耗水和产量调控作用,于2015—2018年连续3个冬小麦生长季,设置耕层掺黄河泥沙(SS)、配施生物有机肥(FF)和掺黄河泥沙配施生物有机肥(SF) 3个处理,以不作处理为对照(CK),研究不同处理下农田土壤水分变化和冬小麦干物质积累规律。结果表明:连续3年产量水平为3 317. 77～5 449. 52 kg/hm~2,各处理间以SF处理的籽粒产量最高,该处理与CK相比,籽粒产量提高35%～51%;总耗水量变幅为352. 85～394. 89 mm,不同处理间总耗水量均以CK最低,以SF处理最高(361. 81～394. 89 mm);农田水分利用效率变幅为9. 01～13. 96 kg/(hm~2·mm),以SF处理最高(12. 02～13. 96 kg/(hm~2·mm)),比CK高33%～48%,其次为FF处理和SS处理,分别比CK高9%～32%、9%～18%。SS或FF处理可增加冬小麦拔节前0～200 cm土层贮水量,增大拔节至成熟阶段的耗水量及其占总耗水量的比例,促进冬小麦对土壤贮水和深层土壤水分的利用,最终提高冬小麦的生物量和籽粒产量。冬小麦籽粒产量与干物质积累量、总穗粒数呈显著正相关;水分利用效率与冬小麦耗水量、产量呈二次曲线关系。在本研究条件下,随着籽粒产量提高,水分利用效率快速增加;而随耗水量增加,各处理间水分利用效率增减表现不同。综合考虑产量、收获指数和水分利用效率,确定掺黄河泥沙配施生物有机肥处理(SF)是本研究条件下的最佳处理。     

零耦合度空间2T1R并联机构运动学与刚度建模分析

根据基于方位特征(POC)方程的并联机构拓扑设计理论与方法,提出一种零耦合度、含1条冗余支链的三自由度两平移一转动(2T1R)并联机构,并对该机构进行拓扑分析。结果表明：该机构具有符号式位置正解和部分运动解耦特性,其被动冗余支链能避免奇异位置,改善刚度;因机构耦合度为零,易求解出其符号式位置正解,并分析了机构可能产生的3种奇异位置;运用虚拟弹簧法建立了每条支链的刚度模型并进行求解,给出并分析了机构笛卡尔刚度矩阵中扭转刚度和线性刚度的变化趋势,讨论了冗余支链对整体刚度性能的影响,验证了冗余支链可使机构整体刚度性能提升约22%。     

我国农村土地规模化经营类型和趋势

面对目前我国农村地区土地规模化飞速蓬勃发展的局面,针对我国广大农村地区土地规模化经营的主要类型和发展趋势开展研究,分析我国土地规模化发展的进程和政策,认为1995—2008年是稳步发展阶段,2008—2014年是快速发展阶段,2014年至今是飞速发展阶段。研究了入股、流转和托管这3种主要的土地规模化发展类型的不同内涵和特点,发现土地经营的规模要适度,不宜无限扩大,认为入股类型土地规模一般不宜超过133.3 hm2（约2 000亩）,流转类型土地规模一般不宜超过666.7 hm2（约1万亩）,托管类型土地规模一般不宜超过6 666.7 hm2（约10万亩）。目前我国不同地区之间发展不平衡,研究发现全程托管将是未来发展的主要趋势,同时土地流转和土地托管在相当长一段时间内将共存。      

基于YOLO v3与图结构模型的群养猪只头尾辨别方法

在利用视频监控技术对群养猪只进行自动行为监测时,对猪只准确定位并辨别其头尾位置对提高监测水平至关重要,基于此提出一种基于YOLO v3(You only look once v3)模型与图结构模型(Pictorial structure models)的猪只头尾辨别方法。首先,利用基于深度卷积神经网络的YOLO v3目标检测模型,训练猪只整体及其头部和尾部3类目标的检测器,从而在输入图像中获得猪只整体及头尾部所有的检测结果;然后,引入图结构模型,描述猪只的头尾结构特征,对每个猪只整体检测矩形框内的头尾部位组合计算匹配得分,选择最优的部位组合方式;对部分部位漏检的情况,采取阈值分割与前景椭圆拟合的方法,根据椭圆长轴推理出缺失部位。在实际猪场环境下,通过俯拍获得猪舍监控视频,建立了图像数据集,并进行了检测实验。实验结果表明,与直接利用YOLO v3模型相比,本文方法对头尾定位的精确率和召回率均有一定提高。本文方法对猪只头尾辨别精确率达到96.22%,与其他方法相比具有明显优势。     

利用抑制消减杂交技术分离辣椒细胞质雄性不育育性恢复相关EST

 以辣椒(Capsicum annuum L. ) 细胞质雄性不育系23A、121A, 和其相应的近等基因恢复系23C、121C为试验材料, 利用抑制消减杂交( SSH) 技术成功构建了CMS恢复基因诱导表达的消减cDNA文库。结合高密度点阵膜杂交差异筛选, 获得了282个阳性克隆。通过测序, 除去重复序列共得到175个Unique ESTs。在GenBank上进行BLAST分析, 55个EST片段未找到对应的同源序列, 可能代表了新基因;120个EST片段找到了对应的同源序列, 包括103个已知功能基因和17个未知功能基因。按照MIPS功能分类法, 将其分为14个功能组, 涉及代谢、胁迫应答、蛋白活性、转录因子、信号转导等多方面的功能。     

Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae induces IL-8 expression in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner

AIM:To investigate the key molecular mechanism of inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells induced by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). METHODS: A549 cells were co-cultured with NTHi (multiplicity of infection, MOI: 10) and harvested 15 min and 30 min after stimulation. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in A549 cells was detected by Western blotting. The intracellular expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was examined by flow cytometry 4 h after stimulation. A549 cells were preincubated with p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) for 1 h and then stimulated with NTHi for 24 h. The level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the supernatants was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was rapidly induced by NTHi stimulation. The expression of NF-κB p65 in A549 cells after NTHi stimulation was significantly up-regulated compared with control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-8 in the supernatants was increased 24 h after bacterial stimulation compared with control group (P<0.05). Blockage of p38 MAPK or NF-κB remarkably decreased IL-8 secretion in A549 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:NTHi induces inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner.     

Asymmetric dimethylarginine protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxic damage

AIM: To investigate the effects of asymmetric dimethylaoyoinine (ADMA) on glutamate-induced PC12 cell damage and its mechanisms. METHODS: PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of glutamate as an in vitro excitotoxic trauma model. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Glutamate cytotoxicity was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by dihydrorhodamine123 (DHR) staining and flow cytometric (FCM) analysis. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production were detected by using commercial kits with a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Glutamate at concentrations of 1 mmol/L to 6 mmol/L dose-dependently decreased PC12 cell viability. Pretreatment 30 min with ADMA prior to administration of glutamate significantly attenuated the inhibition of cell viability, LDH release and ROS accumulation induced by glutamate. Pretreatment with ADMA significantly inhibited the increases in NOS activity and NO production caused by glutamate. CONCLUSION: ADMA obviously protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by inhibiting NOS activity, overproduction of NO and accumulation of intracellular ROS.     

Inhibition of hypothermic preservation-induced Smac/DIABLO protein expression by diazoxide in donor rat myocardium

AIM: To investigate the effect of a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) opener diazoxide (DE) on Smac/DIABLO protein expressions in rat heart suffered from different duration of hypothermic preservation. METHODS: The Langendorff model of isolated rat heart was used. After stored in 4 ℃ Celsior solution with or without DE (30 μmol/L) for different time (0, 3, 6, 9 or 12 h). Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL technique. The expression of Smac/DIABLO protein in cytoplasm and total caspase-3 protein in myocardia tissue was also analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: (1) Compared to the hypothermic preservation groups, DE reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells and the expression of caspase-3 protein in myocardia tissue. (2) The peak of Smac/DIABLO protein expression level appeared at 6 h after hypothermic preservation, and which was postponed to 9 h by DE. (3) The above effects of DE were attenuated by a mitoKATP channel inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that in the isolated rat heart, DE protects myocardium against different duration of hypothermic preservation injury via opening of mitoKATP channel and inhibition of Smac/DIABLO protein expression.     

大白菜根肿病主要生理小种种群分化鉴定初报

采用Williams法的4个鉴别寄主（Jersey Queen、Badger Shipper、Laurentian 、Wilhelmsburger）,对采自国内15个大白菜根肿病主要发病区域的病原菌进行了生理小种种群的鉴定。结果表明：辽宁沈阳新民大民屯、辽宁沈阳西窑、辽宁大连水师营、辽宁丹东振安,山东青岛农业科学院、山东苍山小林村,云南江川,四川郫县,吉林乌拉街东窑村、吉林乌拉街旧街村、吉林梨树镇11个地区的根肿病菌为4号生理小种;辽宁本溪桓仁的根肿病菌为2号生理小种;四川彭州地区的根肿病菌为7号生理小种;四川西昌地区的根肿病菌为10号生理小种;辽宁沈阳农业大学根肿病菌为11号生理小种。     

甘蓝与萝卜属间杂交及其胚挽救技术优化

以甘蓝显性雄性不育系C08-11为母本,以萝卜自交系Q07-12为父本进行属间杂交,对杂交子房和胚珠进行离体培养,筛选适合甘蓝与萝卜属间杂种胚挽救的适宜取材时间、培养基及外源添加物。结果表明,胚珠培养优于子房培养;所有处理子房培养仅获得3株杂交苗,取材时间以授粉后第9天为宜,B5培养基中添加合适的生长调节剂、水解酪蛋白和活性炭为子房培养所必需;胚珠培养各处理共获得29株杂交苗,适宜取材时间为蕾期授粉后第14天、花期授粉后第16天,对生长调节剂的需求取决于不同取材时期及培养基。