辽宁省水稻生产中硅肥施用技术的研究 Ⅰ钢渣硅肥的施用技术

探讨了田间条件下钢渣硅肥的用量和施用方法。结果表明:供试土壤的水浸态硅含量低于85mgkg-1,施用钢渣硅肥能够显著提高水稻的产量;依据产量和肥料用量关系的效应方程,除康平地区的碱性水稻土外,供试的其它地区比较合理的钢渣施用量为1500kghm-2;钢渣硅肥可明显提高水稻植株体内SiO2含量,根据水稻植株体内SiO2含量随钢渣硅肥施入量的变化情况,沈阳市康平县最佳的施入量也应为1500kghm-2,钢渣基施更有利于水稻对SiO2吸收和利用;钢渣硅肥对土壤pH值影响不大,钢渣硅肥具有一定的后效。     

氨基酸螯合微肥对旱作水稻苗期生长及生理效应的影响

通过盆栽试验研究氨基酸螯合微肥（AA-Met）对早作水稻苗期生长的影响。结果表明：AA-Met能显著提高早作水稻的株高、根长及生物量。喷施后72h内每24h用SPAD-502测定叶绿素相对含量，发现旱作水稻对螯合态微肥的吸收同化速率显著大于无机微肥，但AA—Met与EDTA—Met（EDTA螫合微肥）间差异不显著。等量施用微量元素下，AA—Met和EDTA—Met处理的生物量、叶绿素和生长素含量均显著高于无机微肥处理，而两螯合态微肥处理间差异不显著。可溶性蛋白含量3种微肥处理间差异显著，表现为AA-Met处理〉ED—TA—Met处理〉无机微肥处理（P〈0．05），表明AA—Met可完全替代EDTA—Met。分别喷施稀释100（AA—Met1）和250（AA—Met2）倍AA—Met的溶液时，作物生物量、叶绿素、生长素及可溶性蛋白含量两处理间差异不显著，但显著高于喷施稀释500（AA—Met）倍的AA—Met溶液的处理。     

矮牵牛长柱头性状遗传分析

以闭花瓣型短柱头矮牵牛为母本,正常开放纯合型长柱头的矮牵牛作为父本,采用杂交、自交、回交方法,对不同世代的植株进行柱头长短调查统计分析,初步探讨了矮牵牛长柱头是由两对显性核基因控制的遗传,提出了转育长柱头闭花瓣型矮牵牛的遗传模式,以期获得长柱头闭花瓣型矮牵牛材料。     

东乡野生稻NBS类抗病基因同源片段的克隆及序列分析

根据已知的NBS-LRR 类抗病基因结构中氨基酸的保守区域,设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR扩增及克隆,从东乡野生稻(Dongxiang Oryza rufipogon Griff.)中共获得7个新的NBS-LRR 类抗病基因同源片段.所有7 个抗病基因同源序列均含有NBS-LRR 类抗病基因的保守序列,如P-loop、...     

芦柑皮果胶提取工艺的研究

以烘干芦柑皮的粉末作为原料,采用酸水解乙醇沉淀法提取粗果胶.在参考料液比、pH值、浸提温度、浸提时间4个单因素提取效果的基础上,进行了L9(34)正交试验.优化试验以及方差分析结果表明,芦柑皮果胶提取的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:10,pH值2.0,浸提温度85℃,浸提时间60min.在上述条件下,制备的果胶样品颜色呈乳...     

Analysis of Sewage-water Heat Exchanger withthe Function of Auto-de-fouling

A sewage-water shell-tube heat exchanger with the function of de-fouling was proposed and designed for sewage-source heat pump. Its new simulation program which relies on a distribution parameter computational method was set up. Then the model was solved with the method of Matrix Control. Based on the model, the distribution of bilateral fluid temperature were studied, under the conditions of different flow rates and heat exchange area before and after the de-fouling. Results showed that there will be heat anti-transfer phenomenon if the heat exchanger area is bigger than need and the region of this phenomenon was point out. Setting the function of auto-de-fouling in shell-tube heat exchanger and reducing the equipment's volume accordingly can make the sewage-water heat exchanger run in the best conditions.     

Reliability model for Subsystems of CNC machine tool with small samples

Many subsystems in CNC machine tool have only a few failures, so they are small samples. In this case, classical reliability modeling method often has large errors. For the failure data of small sample, maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate the Weibull distribution model parameters of time between failures of the subsystems. Then, the Weibull distribution model parameters are modified by parameter bias correction method. Finally, the effect of bias correction parametersis tested by the D test and the error area ratio test method. The test results show that the modified models are better.     

慈溪市蔬菜农药残留量调查分析

通过对慈溪市无公害蔬菜生产基地和散户生产的叶菜类、果菜类、豆菜类的农药残留量进行了2年抽样检测，检测目标包括10种有机磷类农药和6种拟除虫菊酯类农药。了解慈溪市蔬菜中农药残留量的现状，分析了影响蔬菜农药残留量的主要因素。抽查样本中农药残留量检出率为14．08％，残留量超标率为4．69％。其中无公害蔬菜生产基地蔬菜残留量检出率为6．99％，超标率为0．70％，显著低于散户蔬菜的检出率（28．57％）和超标率（12．86％）。在16种检测的农药中，甲胺磷、毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯、联苯菊酯的检出率和超标率明显高于其它农药。叶菜类的检出率为21．35％、超标率为7．87％，明显高于果菜类和豆类菜。从时间上看，农药残留并无明显的季节变化。综合各方因素，散户蔬菜是影响慈溪市蔬菜农药残留量安全的主要原因。     

Model Establishment for Simulating Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics

Assuming that decomposition of organic matter in soils follows the first-order kinetics reaction,a computer model was developed to simulate soil organic matter dynamics. Organic matter in soils is divided up into two parts that include incorporated organic carbon from crop residues or other organic fertilizer and soil intrinsic carbon. The incorporated organic carbon was assumed to consist of two components, labile-C and resistant-C. The model was represented by a differential equation of dCi/dt = Ki× fT × fw × fs × Ci ( i = l,r, S ) and an integral equation of Cit = Cio × EXP ( Ki X fT X fw X fs X t ). Effect of soil parameters of temperature, moisture and texture on the decomposition was functioned by the fT, fw and fs, respectively.Data from laboratory incubation experiments were used to determine the first-order decay rate Ki and the fraction of labile-C of crop residues by employing a nonlinear method. The values of K for the components of labile-C and resistant-C and the soil intrinsic carbon were evaluated to be 0. 025,0. 080 × 10-2 and 0. 065 ×10-3d-1, respectively. The labile-C fraction of wheat straw, wheat roots, rice straw and rice roots were0.50, 0.25, 0.40 and 0.20, respectively. These values are related to the initial residue carbon-to-nitrogen ratio ( C/N) and lignin content.     

环太湖典型丘陵区不同土地利用下土壤磷素随地表径流迁移特征

在环太湖丘陵地区选择4种有代表性的土地利用类型进行野外原位试验，研究了自然降雨条件下磷素随地表径流的迁移特征。结果表明，各场降雨水相总磷的“次降雨径流平均浓度”呈对数正态分布。悬浮颗粒态磷是水相磷素迁移的主要形态，占水相总磷的76%～89%，其浓度主要由表土总磷含量及地表径流量决定;而溶解态磷（DP）主要与表土中的有效磷含量以及径流与表土相互作用深度有关。溶解态无机磷（DIP）占溶解态磷的57%～85%，竹林的DIP浓度最高。菜地径流的有机磷含量（DOP）明显高于另外3种土地利用。不同土地利用下溶解态和悬浮态磷的迁移通量分别为23～92.7mg·m^-2·a^-1和113.4～364.3mg·m^-2·a^-1，与地表径流量表现出较强的相关性。