上海市小白菜高效安全生产现状与建议

上海市设施土壤栽培小白菜生产管理现状调查表明,本地区小白菜生产存在种子成本高、水肥管理粗放、生产效率低下等问题,建议继续加强小白菜高效安全生产模式建设,推广种子加工处理、水肥一体化、病虫害绿色防控关键生产环节机械化等技术的应用。     

黄花蒿提取物对菜蚜的杀虫活性研究

以丙酮、乙醇及水作溶剂，研究了黄花蒿全株干粉的3种溶剂提取物及其提取物不同浓度对菜蚜的触杀和胃毒活性。结果表明3种提取物对蚜虫都具有较强的毒杀活性，回归分析表明随着浓度升高杀虫时间缩短。LD50结果说明丙酮提取物的杀虫活性最强，乙醇提取物次之，最次是水提取物。独立样本t检验比较触杀效果和胃毒效果，表明黄花蒿各提取物均是触杀效果高于胃毒作用。     

不同温度下TMV侵染枯斑三生烟的LncRNA差异表达

【目的】 筛选不同温度下烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV）侵染后枯斑三生烟（Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN）差异表达的长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）,研究lncRNA在枯斑三生烟抗性反应中的作用。【方法】 N基因的温度敏感性使枯斑三生烟在25℃时具备对TMV的抗性、在31℃抗性丧失,在这两个温度条件下对枯斑三生烟接种TMV和磷酸盐缓冲盐水（phosphate buffered saline,PBS）,48 h后提取系统叶总RNA,构建链特异性文库后进行深度测序。对测序结果进行过滤后利用HTSeq将有效数据与近缘品种TN90（N. tabacum var. TN90）基因组比对,筛选得到lncRNA后利用FPKM法估计lncRNA的表达水平。通过edgeR筛选差异表达lncRNA（differentially expressed lncRNA,DElncRNA）,并利用qRT-PCR技术对这一结果进行验证。通过共定位及共表达分析预测DElncRNA的靶基因,通过参考基因组注释、GO和KEGG富集分析研究靶基因的功能。【结果】 4个处理共12个样本经lncRNA-seq各测得约8 000万条clean reads,共获得4 737条已知lncRNA、40 169条新lncRNA。其中64个lncRNA在不同温度条件下TMV侵染后存在差异表达,qRT-PCR测定结果显示这些lncRNA的测序正确率在80%左右,表明本研究所得测序数据具备较高的可信度。对DElncRNA进行靶基因预测,发现一些基因同时被25℃下调和31℃上调的DElncRNA靶向。靶基因注释功能丰富,主要参与植物抗病、激素和代谢等生理过程。部分可能与激素通路相关的lncRNA,在25℃下TMV侵染时呈现下调趋势,而在31℃下TMV侵染则呈现上调趋势。GO富集分析显示靶基因主要参与构成膜、囊泡等组分,具备钙、钾离子通道抑制剂活性等分子功能,使相应离子得以转运引发随后的反应,同时也参与发病、抗原加工和呈现、细胞分裂素代谢等生理过程。KEGG分析发现靶基因显著富集在植物激素信号转导通路,25℃下调和31℃上调的DElncRNA靶基因同时富集在激素信号传导、ABC运输蛋白、苯丙烷类生物合成等通路。【结论】 不同温度（25℃和31℃）条件下TMV侵染枯斑三生烟后,长链非编码RNA差异表达,DElncRNA通过作用于激素信号传导、物质转运等过程参与寄主系统获得性抗性反应。研究结果可为揭示植物系统获得性抗性中lncRNA的调控功能以及新型抗病毒技术开发提供依据。     

榄溪菊韵的景观特色分析

小榄菊花会是广东省中山市小榄镇一项重要的民俗活动。以菊花会200周年景点之一的榄溪菊韵为例,从园林景观的角度分析了菊花与湿地景观融合、菊花与园林造景等方面的关系,为菊花在园林中的应用提供了新的思路,阐述弘扬小榄菊花文化和保护湿地的重要性。     

基于粒子群算法的海洋平台热介质锅炉PID参数优化

文中采用串级控制作为海洋平台热介质锅炉的控制方案，采用粒子群算法对PID控制器的比例带啄、积分时间Ti进行最优化，从而实现热介质锅炉温度的自动控制。通过粒子群算法进行串级控制系统PID参数优化，提高了控制系统的控制精度、可靠性、稳定性，具有工业应用价值。     

红松无性系种子园与实生种子园种实性状观测

建立红松无性系种子园和实生种子园的实践证明:嫁接母树的结实株数、结实率、公顷产种量、种子千粒重等9项种实性状均优于实生母树,关键种实性状指标结实率、公顷产种量、出种率、种子千粒重、出仁率分别是实生母树的3.67倍、2.74倍、1.16倍、1.02倍和1.12倍.     

BI-2000图像分析系统在家兔失血性休克实验中的应用

家兔失血性休克实验是《医学机能学》实验中的一个重要组成部分,在日常教学过程中,传统经典实验只观察血压的变化,针对这一问题,我院引进BI-2000图像分析系统,并在2014级临床医学教改班家兔失血性休克实验中应用,使学生对于休克发生、进展的机制有了更深刻的理解,对休克各期微循环血液灌流的变化特点有了更直观的认识。     

Nutrient uptake requirements with increasing grain yield for rice in China

Improved estimates of nutrient requirements for rice（Oryza sativa L.）in China are essential to optimize fertilization regulation for increasing grain yields and reducing the potential of environmental negative influences,especially under high-yielding intensive systems.A database involving rice grain yields,nutrient concentrations and accumulations collected from on-field station experiments in the literatures published from 2000 to 2013 in China was developed to understand the relationships between grain yields and plant nutrient uptakes,and to quantify nutrient requirements for different yield levels.Considering all data sets,rice grain yield ranged from 1.4 to 15.2t ha^-1with the mean value of 7.84t ha^-1,and ca.10.4%of yield observations were higher than the yield barrier level of 10 t ha^-1.N requirement to produce one ton grain was 21.10 kg for the yield range<4.0t ha^-1with a high variation of 45.8%.Except of the yield range<4.0t ha^-1,the values of N requirement,firstly increased from 18.78 kg for yield range 4.0-5.5 t ha^-1to 20.62 kg for yield range 7.0-8.5 t ha^-1,then decreased slightly to 19.67 and19.17 kg for the yield range 8.5-10 and>10 t ha^-1,respectively.Phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）requirements showed increasing trends,from 3.51 and 19.87 kg per t grain for<4.0 t ha^-1yield range to 4.10 and 21.70 kg for>10.0t ha^-1range.In conclusion,nutrient requirement varied with increasement of grain yield,and N,P and K presented various response trends,increasing,declining or stagnating,which would be of great benefit for improving fertilizer strategies.     

生殖细胞早期发生与减数分裂启动调节机制的研究进展

卵巢性生殖疾病发生的主要原因之一是卵子发生过程中减数分裂发生或染色体分离异常。为了更好地进行这些生殖疾病的诊断和治疗,需要充分地了解个体发育的生物学过程中及关键时间点。鉴于此,本文主要阐述了哺乳动物生殖细胞早期发生和减数分裂启动的生理过程,介绍生殖细胞的出现、迁移、性别分化和减数分裂的整个过程。深入了解卵母细胞发生过程将为利用体外发育来源的卵母细胞治疗卵巢性生殖疾病,克服女性不孕、卵巢早衰等重大疾病提供一定的理论支持。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Complete Genome of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 from Liaoning Province

It was aimed to lay a foundation for epidemiological survey of porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2) in Liaoning province and selection of highly homologous strain inactivated vaccine.Some pigs suspected of having postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) from Shenyang,Chaoyang,Tieling,Dalian and other places in Liaoning province,were detected by PCR method,then the whole genome of 10 positive samples were cloned and sequenced.The result showed that all of them were virulent strains,9 strains were 1767 bp and 1 strain was 1768 bp,and there was a T base additon at 1039 bp.The nucleotide homology was 95.1% to 98.5% with HM038034 and JQ692110.In the phylogenetic tree,JHZ2 was PCV2a type,the other 9 strains were PCV2b type,DLS38,LYD32 and SYX7 were in the same branch and same onset time.The amino acid homology of ORF2 was 89.6% to 100.0%,there were 35 mutation points,large degree of variation,the only glycosylation site (NYS) was conserved.10 strains did not change significantly,mutants were not due to PCVD,PCV2b was the predominant type,and PCV2 was related with seasonality.