城市空间增长效应评价方法——以重庆市为例

在城市空间快速增长背景下,开展城市空间增长效应评价研究,有助于解决城市空间增长中出现的问题,可为确定城市空间发展战略、制定空间发展政策提供依据。城市空间增长效应评价方法旨在定量、客观地判断城市空间增长过程中要素配置与运行是否合理、高效和公平。笔者建立了结构配置效应、经济配置效应和公平配置效应3个方面的评价体系,通过目标法对城市空间增长效应进行评价,得出空间增长效应评价函数。以重庆市为例进行实证分析,结果显示：重庆市2004-2013年间的城市空间增长效应总体呈上升发展趋势,结构性、公平性趋好;合理配置效应和经济配置效应波动显著,反映出城市建设面临的用地结构优化、用地效率提升等方面的问题。     

Tetramethylpyrazine combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation inhibits neuronal apoptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia

ATM: To investigate the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on neuronal apoptosis, and Bcl-2 and Bax expression in rats with cerebral ischemia. METHODS: The BMSCs were isolated by the whole bone marrow adherent method and cultured, and those in the 3rd passage were used for tail-vein transplantation. The rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using suture method, and the rats except sham group were randomly divided into model group, BMSCs (1×10⁹ cells/L) group, TMP (40 mg/kg) group and combination (TMP+BMSCs) group with 12 rats in each group. Neurological function was evaluated by modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS) on 1 d, 7 d and 14 d after cerebral ischemia. Toluidine blue staining was performed to detect cerebral infarct volume, HE staining was used to observe brain histopathological change, neuronal apoptosis was observed by TUNEL staining, and the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot at 14 d after cerebral ischemia. RESULTS: Compared with BMSCs group and TMP group, TMP combined with BMSCs significantly reduced the score of mNSS (P<0.01) and the infarct volume (P<0.01), alleviated the pathological damage in the peripheral area of cerebral ischemia, decreased the number of TUNEL positive cells (P<0.01), increased the expression of Bcl-2 and decreased the expression of Bax at mRNA and protein levels (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Tetramethylpyrazine combined with transplantation of BMSCs improves the functional recovery, reduces the infarct volume, relieves the ischemic injury of the brain tissue, and attenuates neuronal apoptosis in the rats with cerebral ischemia. The mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.     

Assessment of genetic purity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) hybrid using molecular markers

Three DNA molecular marker systems, RAPD, ISSR and SSR, were used to test seed genetic purity of two commercial hybrid tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars ‘Hezuo 903’ and ‘Sufen No. 8’. Genomic DNA from the two F₁ hybrid cultivars and their corresponding parental lines was screened with 218 RAPD decamer primers, 54 ISSR primers and 49 SSR primers. Among the 321 primers, 4 primers for ‘Hezuo 903’ and 3 for ‘Sufen No. 8’, which could produce both female and male parent-specific markers, were selected for testing the genetic purity. A total of 210 hybrid individuals of each cultivar were analyzed using the identified primers. The combined results of the marker analysis showed that eight of the 210 F₁ plants in ‘Hezuo 903’ and 13 of 210 in ‘Sufen No. 8’ were false hybrids, and the overall genetic purity of the two F₁ hybrid seed lots was 96.2 and 93.8%, respectively. This study showed that RAPD and SSR markers could provide a practical and efficient tool in quality control of the tomato commercial hybrid seeds.     

基于SRAP分子标记的11份柑橘种质材料遗传多样性分析

为分析11份柑橘种质材料的遗传多样性,本研究以7份沙糖橘种质以及4份其他柑橘种质为试验材料,利用SRAP分子标记进行分析,并用UPGMA法进行聚类.结果表明:160对引物组合筛选出20对引物组合扩增条带清晰,11份种质材料两两之间遗传相似系数在0.322 1～0.931 6之间.沙糖橘和金葵蜜橘间的遗传相似系数最大,为...     

板栗优良新品种‘黄棚’

 ‘黄棚’是20世纪90年代初从海拔300 m以上的山地栗园选出的实生变异优株。经多年高接鉴定和丰产栽培试验表明, 该品种早实, 丰产, 抗旱, 耐瘠薄, 品质优良, 为中早熟、适应范围广的炒食型板栗新品种。     

10.5%高氯·啶虫脒乳油防治苹果黄蚜田间药效试验

10.5%高氯·啶虫脒乳油对苹果黄蚜具有优良的防治效果。使用10.5%高氯·啶虫脒乳油6000～8000倍液,在蚜虫发生期喷雾防治,施药后7d,防治效果可达90%以上。     

涝害对甜叶菊光合及单株干叶产量的影响

利用温室盆栽法研究不同持续时间涝害对甜叶菊种质材料IS-1、QF-1、青甜杂4、JD-1、AL-4光合作用及干叶产量的影响。结果表明：随着涝害时间的持续,5份甜叶菊种质材料的叶绿素SPAD值、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）及单株干叶产量均表现出不同程度的变化。短时间涝害处理（Ta：5d）对SPAD值、Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr及单株干叶产量影响均不显著;但随着渍水时间的持续叶片SPAD值、Pn表现出下降趋势：在Tb（涝害处理10d）中IS-1、QF-1、青甜杂4、JD-1、AL-4的SPAD值较正常水分处理分别下降21.29%、34.57%、27.84%、23.01%、17.59%,QF-1下降最快,AL-4下降最慢;Pn较正常水分处理分别下降65.88%、78.51%、74.44%、71.68%、59.58%,QF-1下降最快,AL-4下降最慢;Gs与Tr变化趋势与Pn相似,而Ci与Pn变化趋势相反;随着涝害持续时间的持续,甜叶菊单株干叶产量出现下降趋势,不同材料相同时间涝害胁迫单株干叶产量下降幅度不同,表明不同材料对涝害的耐受力不同。     

籼稻恢复系桂R106对稻瘟病的抗性评价及遗传分析

通过与‘丽江新团黑谷’及13个已知抗性基因品种杂交和接种广西稻瘟病菌系鉴定,研究了籼稻恢复系‘桂R106’对稻瘟病的抗性及遗传。结果表明,‘桂R106’对广西565个稻瘟病菌系的抗谱达98.11%,对广西6个主要优势菌系表现全抗,对菌系03E-11和03E-23的抗性均受一对显性基因控制。等位性分析确认,‘桂R106’中抗菌系03E-11的抗病基因与Pi-ta、Pi-12(t)、Pi-3、Pi-5、Pi-7、Pi-a、Pi-at、Pi-sh、Pi-i、Pi-km、Pi-19(t)、Pi-ks、Pi-b这13个已知基因不等位,认为它可能是一个未知的新基因。     

薄皮甜瓜新品种白玉满堂的选育

白玉满堂是中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所近期育成的白皮白肉类薄皮甜瓜优良杂交一代品种。果皮白色,果肉白色,果实圆梨形。主要特征为成熟较早(果实发育期28~33 d),品质较优(肉质脆,中心可溶性固形物含量较高,为13.1%~14.8%),果实大小适中(单果质量0.38~0.44 kg),田间抗性表现较好,适应地区较广。2010年10月通过国家甜瓜新品种鉴定。     

柴达木盆地弃耕地盐渍状况的主分量分析

采用主分量分析（PCA）方法对柴达木盆地弃耕地盐渍化状况进行了研究，结果表明，该地属于中重度氯化物盐渍地、耕作层含盐量在0．5％－4．0％之间，盐分表聚强烈，基本无自然淋溶过程。耕作层第一、二主分量显著，累计贡献率高达95．0％左右，反映了该区土壤含盐量及盐离子分布规律，认为全盐量、Cl^-,Mg^2＋是该弃耕地盐渍环境的特征因子。