2010年新疆兽医系统实验室检测能力比对试验的探讨与建议

2010年9月下旬,由新疆维吾尔自治区动物卫生监督所(动物疫病预防控制中心)实验室牵头开展了全疆兽医系统实验室检测能力比对试验工作。三项比对试验复合率均在83%以上,实验室检测能力考核成绩较为理想,但还是存在实验室技能操作不规范与检验记录不完善等问题。     

犬Ⅱ型腺病毒自然弱毒株的分离与鉴定

从一只３月龄病犬中分离出一株犬腺病毒（ＣＡＶ）,暂定名为ＹＣＡ１８。从一系列形态学、生理化学、生物学和分子病毒学实验证明这是一株Ⅱ型犬腺病毒自然弱毒。此毒株能在犬、猪肾原代细胞和传代细胞系上生长,能产生腺病毒感染的特征性细胞病变,细胞肿胀,变圆和呈“葡萄串样”。在细胞核内可见病毒粒子及其前本的晶格状排列,病毒粒子呈２０面体立体对称,表面有排列整齐的壳粒;能抵抗乙醚的处理,在ＰＨ３及５０℃温度中稳定     

辣椒素作为饲用抗生素替代品的研究进展

辣椒素作为天然植物来源的抗菌活性成分,具有安全、营养、高效广谱抗菌性和不产生抗药性的特征,在饲料领域作为饲用抗生素替代品有极高的研究和应用价值。本文主要就辣椒素作为饲用抗生素天然替代品的研究进展作一综述。     

半胱胺促进奶山羊乳腺发育的试验研究

为了研究半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育的影响,选6只空怀奶山羊进行自身前后对照试验和8只妊娠奶山羊进行同胎次配对试验。结果表明,空怀奶山羊对照期乳腺的腺泡很少发育,几乎看不到乳导管,试验期乳腺有明显导管生长和少量腺泡发育;妊娠奶山羊对照组乳腺随着妊娠的进行有少量腺泡发育,腺导管有明显的生长,试验组乳腺有大量的腺泡发育,腺导管生长更明显,且有分泌物出现,血浆中与乳腺发育相关的激素水平明显升高。     

贵州省鸡淋巴性白血病J亚型血清学调查研究

为了解和掌握鸡淋巴白血病J亚型(ALV -J)在贵州的发生和流行的基本情况,在7个主要养殖地区的35个养鸡生产场共采集1 205份血清样本,采用ALV -J诊断试剂盒进行了ALV -J的ELISA血清学抗体检测.检测及相关流行病学调查结果表明:ALV -J亚群的平均阳性感染率为13.776％,其中肉鸡为20.050％,...     

Impacts of a freedom farrowing pen design on sow behaviours and performance

The limited space in farrowing crate imposes many challenges, such as prolonged farrowing duration and high piglet stillbirth rate. Although the features of farrowing pens compensate for the drawbacks of farrowing crates, they are associated with high piglet crushing mortality caused by the greater space afforded to sows and their rolling-over behaviour. Therefore, a freedom farrowing pen was designed to overcome the drawbacks of both farrowing crates and farrowing pens. The main features of the freedom farrowing pen are its left anti-crushing bar and detachable right anti-crushing bar on the sides of the sow lying area. It also has a 10 cm-high anti-crushing bar in the non-lying area. Eighteen healthy, multiparous Yorkshire sows (3-7 parity) were averaged and randomly assigned to farrowing crates, farrowing pens, and freedom farrowing pens to compare the effects of the farrowing systems on sow behaviour and performance. Results showed that the farrowing duration and the mean piglet birth intervals were longer for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the sows in farrowing pens and those in freedom farrowing pens (P>0.05). The piglet stillbirth rate was higher for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.001). Crushing mortality was higher among piglets in farrowing pens (P<0.001), but there was no difference between piglets in freedom farrowing pens and those in farrowing crates (P>0.05). The freedom farrowing pen and the farrowing pen allowed sows to turn around and move freely, but because of the different structures of their anti-crushing bars, the increase in sow movement did not cause higher piglet crushing mortality (P>0.05). Sows in freedom farrowing pens were found to be more protective of their piglets.     

稀释液中添加谷氨酰胺对绒山羊冷冻精液品质的影响

在绒山羊冷冻精液稀释液中分别添加0mmol/L、2.5mmol/L、5.0mmol/L、7.5mmol/L和10.0mmol/L五个梯度的谷氨酰胺,以确定冷冻效果最好的谷氨酰胺添加浓度,优化绒山羊冷冻稀释液配方。结果表明:添加5.0mmol/L谷氨酰胺组精子的活率、顶体完整率和生存指数均极显著或显著地高于其他试验组(P0.01,P0.05),而畸形率极显著或显著低于其他试验组(P0.01,P0.05);在脂质过氧化反应和抗氧化酶活性方面,添加5.0 mmol/L组MDA浓度极显著低于其他试验组(P0.01),而CAT活性极显著高于其他试验组(P0.01)。总之,在稀释液中添加5.0mmol/L谷氨酰胺,在冷冻—解冻过程中能起到很好的保护精子的作用。     

兽医病理学在现代兽医专业教学和动物疾病诊断中的重要作用

为了阐述兽医病理学在现代兽医专业教学和动物疾病诊断中的作用,本文从人才培养、科研和生产实践应用等方面进行了探讨。指出兽医病理学具有培养高素质兽医专业人才、为动物疾病诊断提供方向或确诊疾病、验证和评估诊断结果、为科研选题提供手段与方向和解决动物医疗纠纷的重要作用。期望广大兽医专业教学工作者重视该课程教学,使学生掌握兽医病理学基础及其诊断技术。     

两个黄芪亚种染色体数目与核型分析

前人研究认为膜荚黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge.）与蒙古黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge.var.mongholicus （Bge.）Hsiao）染色体数目为2n=16。本试验采用根尖染色体常规制片方法,观察了膜荚黄芪与蒙古黄芪种子根尖有丝分裂相。结果显示：膜荚黄芪与蒙古黄芪染色体数目为2n=18,这2种植物各有4条小染色体。膜荚黄芪染色体核型公式为K（2n）=2x=18=4sm+14m,核型类型为2B型。蒙古黄芪染色体核型公式为K（2n）=2x=18=6sm+12m,核型类型为2C型。     

鱼类仔稚鱼营养需求研究进展

文章对仔稚鱼从内源性营养向外源性营养转变阶段死亡的原因、仔稚鱼对氨基酸和脂肪酸的需求研究及消化系统的研究进行了综述,以期解决在育苗过程中早期仔稚鱼死亡的难题,有利于提高育成率及推广鱼类的工厂化养殖目标。