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41.
Edak Aniedi Uyoh Ikootobong Sunday Urua Valentine Otang Ntui Elza Cletus Okpako 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2011,14(4):227-232
Nuclear DNA of three accessions of Parkia biglobosa collected from three locations in northern Cross River State was investigated using a Patec PA II flow cytometer equipped
with an argon ion laser (488 nm), and pictures of mitotic chromosomes were taken using a digital micro-camera (Canon) placed
on the eye piece of a binocular microscope at 100X oil immersion. Metaphase chromosome counts of 2n = 22 for accessions A
and C and 2n = 24 for accession B, were obtained and through flow cytometry, the three accessions were confirmed to be diploids.
The nuclear DNA content and genome size for the accessions were 1.5085, 1.489, and 1.5266 pg (737.7054, 728.121, and 746.5074
Mbp) for accessions A, B, and C, respectively. In another experiment, leaf samples from greenhouse-germinated seeds were analyzed
for variation in the banding pattern of the protein by SDS-PAGE in the three accessions. Protein was resolved into three banding
groups according to their electrophoretic mobility: slow, medium, and fast, clustering between 100–200, 40–70, and 10–25 kDa,
respectively. There was 76% similarity in the banding pattern between the accessions. 相似文献
42.
Canopy cover (CC) is a good predictor variable for plant growth parameters such as leaf area index and aboveground biomass.
A nondestructive, low-cost, and convenient method is presented for estimating CC using digital camera image analysis. CC was
estimated by the ratio of plant pixels to total pixels of digital camera image of rice field. To determine the criteria for
segmenting the rice plant from variable soil background, three mosaic images for rice plant, flooded/bare soil, and algae-infested
background were prepared from digital camera images that were taken in various field conditions. An image analysis program
was developed in Visual Basic to extract red, green, and blue (RGB) features from the mosaic images, calculate RGB-based color
indices, and compute the minimum segmentation error for separating rice plant from background. When judged by the segmentation
error, modified excessive green index (MEGI) showed the highest potential for segmenting rice plant from flooded/bare soil
background, followed by normalized green (g) and excessive green index (EGI). At the threshold MEGI value of 0.03, the segmentation
error was the lowest as 0.13%. Any single index considered was not satisfactory in segmenting rice plant from algae-infested
background. However, a discriminant function of 1.2553EGI + 0.01735G − 0.01474B was successful in segmenting rice plant from
flooded/bare soil and algaeinfested background with segmentation errors of 0.34 and 1.17%, respectively. CC for four rice
varieties from tillering to booting stage was estimated based on the threshold value of MEGI and discriminant function and
also manually using commercial software. Both estimates of CC showed good relationship of r2 = 0.94, suggesting that a digital camera could be used efficiently for measuring the CC of rice field. 相似文献
43.
44.
Moytri RoyChowdhury Yulin Jia Aaron Jackson Melissa H. Jia Robert Fjellstrom Richard D. Cartwright 《Euphytica》2012,184(1):35-46
The Pi-z gene in rice confers resistance to a wide range of races of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. The objective of this study was to characterize Pi-z in 111 rice germplasm accessions using DNA markers and pathogenicity assays. The existence of Pi-z in rice germplasm was detected by using four simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (RM527, AP4791, AP5659-1, AP5659-5) closely
linked to Pi-z, and was verified using pathogenicity assays with an avirulent strain (IE1k) and two virulent races (IB33 and IB49). Among
111 germplasm accessions evaluated, 73 were found to contain the Pi-z gene using both SSR markers and pathogenicity assays. The remaining 38 germplasm accessions were found to be inconsistent
in their responses to the blast races IB33, IEIk and IB49 with expected SSR marker alleles, suggesting the presence of unexpected
SSR alleles and additional R gene(s). These characterized germplasm can be used for genetic studies and marker-assisted breeding for improving blast resistance
in rice. 相似文献
45.
Zhi-Wei Wang Lei Gao Hai Zhou Liu Shi Yong Mei Yuan Zhou Chang Ping Xiang Ting Wang 《Euphytica》2012,186(2):313-320
A male sterile plant appeared in the radish breeding program at the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, China.
In its progeny, a two-type (half of plants male sterile, the other half male fertile) line 01GAB was established. An F2 population of 260 plants from a cross of male-sterile 01GAB and a male fertile line 9802H segregated for male fertility in
a 3:1 ratio indicating that fertility was restored by a single dominant gene, here designated RsMs. A PCR-based DNA marker specific to the male fertility Rfob gene in 9802H was absent in 01GAB. Linkage analysis placed the RsMs locus 10.7 cM away from the Rfo locus. In an F2 population of hybrids between 01GAB and male fertile 9802B, a co-dominant DNA marker for the RSultr3.2A (a radish sulfate transporter gene) locus was linked to the RsMs locus at 1.5 cM suggesting that fertility restoration in 01GAB was located in the region with known male sterility restorers
in radish. However, no maintainer for the 01GAB source of male sterility has been identified so far. Cytological observations
have shown that the abnormalities in male sterile anthers first appeared in tapetum at the tetrad stage, followed by a hypertrophy
of the tapetal cells at the vacuolate microspore period. These results suggest that male sterility in 01GAB is likely to be
genetic in nature, or it may represent a new type of the cytoplasmic male sterility. 相似文献
46.
Aneeta Pradhan Julie A. Plummer Matthew N. Nelson Wallace A. Cowling Guijun Yan 《Euphytica》2010,176(1):87-98
A triploid hybrid with an ABC genome constitution, produced from an interspecific cross between Brassica napus (AACC genome) and B. nigra (BB genome), was used as source material for chromosome doubling. Two approaches were undertaken for the production of hexaploids:
firstly, by self-pollination and open-pollination of the triploid hybrid; and secondly, by application of colchicine to axillary
meristems of triploid plants. Sixteen seeds were harvested from triploid plants and two seedlings were confirmed to be hexaploids
with 54 chromosomes. Pollen viability increased from 13% in triploids to a maximum of 49% in hexaploids. Petal length increased
from 1.3 cm (triploid) to 1.9 cm and 1.8 cm in the two hexaploids and longest stamen length increased from 0.9 cm (triploid)
to 1.1 cm in the hexaploids. Pollen grains were longer in hexaploids (43.7 and 46.3 μm) compared to the triploid (25.4 μm).
A few aneuploid offsprings were also observed, with chromosome number ranging from 34 to 48. This study shows that trigenomic
hexaploids can be produced in Brassica through interspecific hybridisation of B. napus and B. nigra followed by colchicine treatment. 相似文献
47.
Jundae Lee Jae Bok Yoon Jung-Heon Han Won Phil Lee Sang Hoon Kim Hyo Guen Park 《Euphytica》2010,173(1):55-61
Genic male sterility (GMS) has long been used as a tool for hybrid seed production in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). We developed DNA markers linked to the GMS ms
3
gene in a segregating population using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)
techniques. The segregating population was subjected to BSA-AFLP with 512 primer combinations. Three AFLP markers (Eagg/Mccc276, Eagc/Mctt178, and Ecag/Mtgc204) were identified as tightly linked to the ms
3
locus. Among them, we converted the AFLP marker Ecag/Mtgc204 to the cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, named GMS3-CAPS, based on sequencing analysis of internal and
flanking regions for the markers between male-fertile and sterile plants. This marker will be useful for pepper breeding using
the GMS system. 相似文献
48.
The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to fruit-related traits in the tomato subjected to high
temperatures. In total, 160 F2 plants derived from a cross between a heat-tolerant breeding line, CL5915-93D4-1-0-3 (Solanum esculentum), and a heat-sensitive wild accession, L4422 (S. pimpinellifolium), were grown in a greenhouse. Six traits including fruit number, fruit weight, brix, seed number, fruit setting, and flower
number were scored. The distributions of fruit number, fruit set, flower number, and seed number were skewed towards heat
susceptibility which is known to be characteristic of L4422. Polymorphic bands were generated by PCR-derived methods of RAPD,
ISSR and AFLP Polymorphism, the segregation ratio, and distribution over the genome of the above 3 markers were compared.
Ten linkage groups, ranging 20.6–151.6 cM in size, were constructed with 62 informative markers spanning a total of 776.3 cM.
Fruit-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were non-randomly distributed in the tomato genome. For the 6 traits investigated,
21 QTLs were dispersed on linkage groups 2–5. The genetic effects of the various QTLs were differently exhibited, in our study
we have respectively found from 10.5% to 30.2% of the variation explained by the QTL for flower number (FRN4) and brix (BX2).
Thirteen QTL-mapped markers were unique to 1 trait, and 4 markers were linked to more than 1 trait. Among them, QTLs linked
to the I868-470 marker had effects on fruit weight and brix, and a significant positive correlation between these 2 traits
was noted (r = 0.35, P < 0.05). Thus, the I868-470 marker may have the potential for simultaneous selection of high fruit weight and brix. These
markers also allowed us to align genome linkage maps across distantly related species and to reveal the co-localization between
these QTLs and major genes. 相似文献
49.
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) is a warm-season grass used primarily in pastures and along highways and other low maintenance public areas in Florida.
It is also used in landscapes to some extent because of its drought tolerance. Bahiagrass can survive under a range of moisture
conditions from no irrigation to very wet conditions. Its well-watered consumptive use has not been reported previously. In
this study, bahiagrass crop coefficients (K
c) for an irrigated pasture were determined for July 2003 through December 2006 in central Florida. The eddy correlation method
was used to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) rates. The standardized reference evapotranspiration (ETo) equation (ASCE-EWRI standardization of reference evapotranspiration task committee report, 2005) was applied to calculate
ETo values using on site weather data. Daily K
c values were estimated from the ratio of the measured ETc and the calculated ETo. The recommended K
c values for bahiagrass are 0.35 for January–February, 0.55 for March, 0.80 for April, 0.90 for May, 0.75 for June, 0.70 for
July–August, 0.75 for September, 0.70 for October, 0.60 for November, and 0.45 for December in central Florida. The highest
K
c value of 0.9 in May corresponded with maximum vapor pressure deficit conditions as well as cloud free conditions and the
highest incoming solar radiation as compared to the rest of the year. During the summer (June to August), frequent precipitation
events increased the cloud cover and reduced grass water use. The K
c annual trend was similar to estimated K
c values from another well-watered warm-season grass study in Florida. 相似文献
50.
Isolated plant microspores, when stressed and cultured in vitro, can be diverted from their normal gametophytic pathway towards
sporophytic development, with the formation of haploid embryos and ultimately doubled-haploid plants. This process is called
androgenesis or microspore embryogenesis, and is widely used in plant breeding programmes to generate homozygous lines for
breeding purposes. Protocols for the induction of microspore embryogenesis and the subsequent regeneration of doubled haploid
(DH) plants have been successfully developed for more than 200 species. These practical advances stand in stark contrast to
our knowledge of the underlying molecular genetic mechanism controlling this process. The majority of information regarding
the genetic and molecular control of the developmental switch from gametophytic to sporophytic development has been garnered
from four intensely studied (crop) plants comprising two dicotyledonous species, rapeseed (Brassica napus) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and two monocotyledonous species, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). In these species the efficiency of microspore embryogenesis is very high and reproducible, making them suitable models
for molecular studies. In the past, molecular studies on microspore embryogenesis have focussed mainly on the identification
of genes that are differentially expressed during this developmental transition and/or early in embryo development, and have
identified a number of genes whose expression marks or predicts the developmental fate of stressed microspores. More recently,
functional genomics approaches have been used to obtain a broad overview of the molecular processes that take place during
the establishment of microspore embryogenesis. In this review we summarise accumulated molecular data obtained in rapeseed,
tobacco, wheat and barley on embryogenic induction of microspores and define common aspects involved in the androgenic switch. 相似文献