大肠杆菌acrR插入序列对acrAB表达水平及多重耐药性的影响

为研究大肠杆菌(E.coli)分离株ED28的acrR基因中777bp插入片段对外排泵AcrAB表达水平及多重耐药性的影响,本研究将野生型acrR通过互补实验导入ED28中得到C-ED28。通过药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)测定、有机溶剂耐受性试验和实时定量PCR(qPCR)等方法检测菌株中AcrAB外排泵的活性。通过PCR方法检测ED28和C-ED28喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDR)的氨基酸突变及携带的质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药(PMQR)基因和超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)耐药基因。结果显示,临床分离菌株ED28对12种抗生素呈多重耐药表型,而互补菌株C-ED28恢复了对多种药物的敏感性。当能量抑制剂(CCCP)存在时,喹诺酮类和β-内酰胺类药物对ED28的MIC普遍降低,而对C-ED28的MIC保持不变。ED28对染料溴化乙锭(EB)的MIC为512μg/mL,对正己烷和环己烷耐受;而C-ED28对染料EB的敏感性增强,MIC为16μg/mL,对正己烷耐受,对环己烷不耐受。qPCR结果显示,基因acrA和acrB在C-ED28中的表达水平低于亲本菌株ED28,而基因marA在C-ED28中的表达水平高于ED28。靶位突变检测和耐药基因检测结果显示,ED28存在gyrA(Ser83Leu和Asp87Asn)和parC(Ser80Ile)双突变,携带aac(6’)-Ib-cr、blaCTX-M-27和blaTEM-13个质粒编码耐药基因;而C-ED28仅存在gyrA(Asp87Asn)一个突变位点,并丢失aac(6’)-Ib-cr、blaTEM-1两个基因。     

高钢级管道环焊缝主要特征及安全性评价

环焊缝是长输管道的重要组成部分,其失效是载荷、缺陷、局部断裂韧性、强度匹配、焊缝几何结构及残余应力等因素相互作用所致,且高钢级管道因焊接技术难度增大,也增加了环焊缝失效的可能性。基于此,分析了环焊缝的载荷、缺陷及强度匹配特征,揭示了低匹配环焊缝或热影响区软化环焊缝的应变集中机理,阐释了环焊缝的脆性断裂、屈服前净截面垮塌、屈服后净截面垮塌及母材颈缩4种失效模式,比较了GB/T 19624-2019、BS 7910-2015、API 579-1/ASME FFS-1-2016、API 1104-2013等国内外标准对环焊缝安全性评价的适用性,提出了基于应变的环焊缝安全性评价方法,讨论了裂纹尺寸、强度匹配系数等因素对环焊缝裂纹驱动力的影响。研究指出:明确环焊缝的载荷或位移是其安全性评价的前提,提高环焊缝的应变能力可以增强高钢级管道对于不良地质条件的适应性,建议开展环焊缝裂纹缺陷产生和扩展机制研究,并发展基于应变的断裂理论,优化环焊缝的强度匹配,定量环焊缝的应变能力与焊缝几何特性及力学性能参数的关系。(图9,表2,参33)     

不同施肥方式对红壤蔬菜田氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌群落的影响

通过构建氨单加氧酶基因(amoA)克隆文库,研究在红壤蔬菜田上只施用磷钾化肥(PK)、只施氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、施用腐熟有机肥(DNPK)和施用新鲜有机肥(FNPK)等4种不同施肥处理的土壤氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA)群落多样性及与土壤脲酶活性的相关性。结果表明:施加有机肥处理(DNPK和FNPK)的蔬菜田土壤的AOB文库和AOA文库OTU数量和Shannon指数高于只施用无机肥(NPK和PK)处理的蔬菜田土壤;DNPK和FNPK处理的土壤优势AOB菌群为多形亚硝化叶菌(Nitrosolobus multiformis),比例分别为88.5%和68.5%,NPK和PK处理的土壤优势AOB菌群为亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosospirasp.),比例分别为54.8%和65.5%;DNPK、FNPK、NPK和PK处理土壤优势AOA菌群均为阿伯丁土壤亚硝化细杆菌侯选种(CandidatusNitrosotalea devanaterra),比例分别为90.9%、84.4%、77.8%和45.2%;施加有机肥处理(DNPK和FNPK)的土壤脲酶活性和氨氧化微生物的多样性指数都高于只施用无机肥处理(NPK和PK);AOA群落多样性指数与土壤脲酶活性呈显著正相关,而AOB群落多样性与土壤脲酶活性相关性不显著。总体来看,有机肥比无机肥处理提高了AOA和AOB群落多样性,且AOA在红壤蔬菜田土壤氨氧化过程中起着更为重要的作用。     

Potential protective effects of thiamine supplementation on the ruminal epithelium damage during subacute ruminal acidosis

In ruminants, the ruminal epithelium not only has the function of absorbing nutrients but also is an important tissue to prevent harmful substances in the rumen from entering the blood circulation. Thus, the normal function of ruminal epithelium is critical for ruminants. However, subacute ruminal acidosis induced by high-concentrate diets often damages the barrier function of ruminal epithelium in ruminants. Recently, many studies have shown that dietary supplementation with thiamine is an effective method to alleviate subacute ruminal acidosis. In order to provide theoretical reference for the in-depth study of subacute ruminal acidosis and the application of thiamine in the future, this review introduces the effects of subacute ruminal acidosis on morphological structure, inflammatory response, and tight junction of ruminal epithelium. In addition, this paper summarizes the role of thiamine in maintaining ruminal epithelial function of ruminants during subacute ruminal acidosis challenge.     

以创新能力培养为导向的工科专业毕业设计改革与实践

毕业设计的教学过程是完成培养计划、实现培养目标要求的一个极为重要的环节,同时也应成为培养学生创新能力的重要载体。应用毕业设计培养学生创新能力过程中,指导教师、学生、评价机制都对培养质量造成影响。实践证明,通过创新性选题、改进指导方法、过程管理及评价机制等方面对毕业设计指导工作进行改革,用以加强学生创新能力的培养,方法切实可行且成效显著。     

育种咨询系统中的水稻杂交后代性状预测

杂交育种是一个很复杂的组合过程。由于指导育种的遗传学原理还远不够完善,因此,在实践中更多的是依赖育种家的经验和技巧,从而造成了育种工作中一定程度上的盲目性。为了提高育种效率,有必要发展一套为育种工作服务的咨询系统。利用它协助育种家收集数据、分析育种过程。本文重点阐述水稻杂交咨询系统研制中的杂交后代性状预测方法及原理。     

干旱胁迫对3种冷季型草坪草光谱反射率及生理特征的影响

为探讨高光谱分析技术在草坪草水分监测上的应用,以草地早熟禾、高羊茅、多年生黑麦草为试验材料,测定了干旱胁迫下3种冷季型草坪草生理指标及光谱反射率。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,供试草坪草叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量显著下降(P0.05),丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量及敏感波段的(550和760 nm)的光谱反射率显著上升(P0.05),3种草坪草抗旱性能的强弱顺序为:高羊茅多年生黑麦草草地早熟禾。3种草坪草敏感波段光谱反射率(R_(550 nm),R_(760 nm))及高光谱参数(Rg,R0,GNDVI)与生理指标间呈显著或极显著相关,以R_(550 nm)与生理指标间的相关系数绝对值最大。同时R_(550 nm)构建了供试草坪草生理指标的估测模型,经检验,模型估测值与实测值相关性达显著或极显著水平。     

Reinforcement Treatment on the Uneven Subsidence of Foundation

There are several methods to cope with the common problem of the uneven subsidence of foundation. The reason for uneven settlement of foundation of the frame structure was analyzed in this paper. Considering the limitation of the construction site and the principle of consolidation, a feasible reinforcement measure was taken. Meanwhile, a practical construction pattern was chosen upon the comparison of the reinforcement technology analysis and the construction method. The observation of the settlement result after consolidation of the structure shows that the result of this reinforcement treatment pattern is effective.     

Digital Beamforming for Unified Spread Spectrum TT&C System

In TT&C system,unified spread spectrum framework and adaptive antenna digital beamforming technologies are used to track, telemetry and command objects. Constant modulus array (CMA) and adaptive signal canceller estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of every signal and use the optimum weighted vector to form the beams. The phase weighted vectors estimated from DOA improve the processing gain as well as being utilized in the transmitting of tele command signal to form the beam of specified object. Its processing performance is researched and simulated in this paper.